Deck 21: Immigration

Question 1

About how many persons per year are admitted to the United States with LPR status?

A) 50,000
B) 500,000
C) 1 million
D) 1.5 million

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What is another name for a legal permanent resident?

A) authorized migrant
B) legal immigrant
C) naturalized citizen
D) nonimmigrant

Answer 2

B

Question 3

__________ is the act of arriving and settling in a place.

A) Emigration
B) Assimilation
C) Migration
D) Immigration

Answer 3

D

Question 4

__________ is the act of leaving a place.

A) Assimilation
B) Emigration
C) Immigration
D) Migration

Question 5

How many classes of nonimmigrant visas does the United States authorize?

A) less than 10
B) more than 20
C) more than 30
D) around 40

Question 6

How long may foreign-born persons with F-1 student visas stay in the United States?

A) one year
B) four years
C) until their course of study is completed
D) indefinitely

Question 7

When it comes to migration, what pertinent assumption about people's motivations do sociologists make?

A) that family dynamics matter more than individual motivations
B) that everyone who migrates wants a better life
C) that everyone who migrates rejects their country of origin
D) that children who migrate lack motivation

Question 8

Emigration and immigration policies refer to sets of rules and regulations established by countries with regards to __________.

A) currency transfers
B) foreign exchange
C) the movement of people across borders
D) the movement of people and goods across borders

Question 9

How are visas designated for persons from countries underrepresented in recent immigration to the United States assigned?

A) by congressional petition
B) on a first-come, first-served basis
C) by lottery
D) by presidential order

Question 10

Numerically unlimited LPR status is granted to which group or groups of people?

A) spouses of adult U.S. citizens
B) spouses and children of adult U.S. citizens
C) spouses, minor children, and parents of adult U.S. citizens
D) spouses, children, siblings, and parents of adult U.S. citizens

Question 11

Current U.S. law recognizes __________ different classes of foreign-born persons living in the United States.

A) two
B) four
C) five
D) six

Question 12

Who are the members of a country's diaspora?

A) well-educated and skilled people who have left their countries of origin to make more money
B) people who have returned to their countries of origin after temporary stays abroad
C) people who have settled outside their countries of origin
D) people who have been expelled from their countries of origin for criminal offenses

Question 13

A __________ is a document authorizing a foreign-born person to enter a country, either permanently or temporarily.

A) migration contract
B) passport
C) transit application
D) visa

Question 14

Foreign-born persons living in the United States who become citizens have undergone what process?

A) immigration
B) legalization
C) naturalization
D) repudiation

Question 15

During the Cold War (roughly 1948-1989), the communist countries of Eastern Europe imposed what kind of restriction on emigration?

A) the emigration of Communist Party members
B) the emigration of well-educated and skilled people
C) the emigration of Jews
D) the emigration of anyone

Question 16

The decision to emigrate and the consequences of immigrating are the result of __________.

A) social structures and restrictions on certain groups
B) social structures
C) individual motivations and personalities
D) individual motivations and personalities and social structures

Question 17

Which of the following statements about refugee or asylum status is true?

A) Asylum status can be sought only at a port of entry.
B) Asylum status can be sought only from outside the United States.
C) A referral for refugee status can be sought only from outside the United States.
D) Refugee status can be sought only when a person is already in the United States.

Question 18

Countries with high numbers of emigrants are __________ countries.

A) host
B) migratory
C) resident
D) sending

Question 19

Other names for receiving countries are __________ countries.

A) destination or host
B) destination or resident
C) host or migratory
D) migratory or resident

Question 20

With regard to immigration, East Germany's use of the Berlin Wall demonstrates ___________.

A) the brain drain that can result from emigration
B) how people can respond to a diaspora
C) the consequences of asylum status
D) a government's effort to control and restrict immigration

Question 21

What does intermarriage reduce the likelihood of, in the context of assimilation?

A) the likelihood of achieving higher socioeconomic status
B) the likelihood of remaining in the host country
C) the likelihood of living together with the native-born population
D) the likelihood of passing the culture of the home country on to the next generation

Question 22

Of the following indicators, which is generally considered a poor sign of assimilation?

A) whether immigrants learn the language of the host country
B) whether immigrants become citizens of the host country
C) whether immigrants start smoking or quit smoking
D) whether immigrants are spatially concentrated

Question 23

What is the difference between stayers-at-heart and tied stayers?

A) Stayers-at-heart have low desire to migrate.
B) Stayers-at-heart have high desire to migrate.
C) Tied stayers lack sufficient push factors.
D) Tied stayers lack sufficient pull factors.

Question 24

Among the following, who is least likely to move out of an ethnic enclave?

A) Emilio Mendosa, who is 77 years old and plans to stay in the United States for the rest of his life
B) Angel Delgado, an LPR who just turned 18 and speaks only Spanish
C) Joseph Mbuyo, who speaks English fluently
D) Pradhiba Kannaiyan, whose stay in America is temporary

Question 25

Of the following factors, which would be more likely than the others to influence immigrants to live near kin or co-nationals?

A) higher degree of assimilation
B) intermarriage
C) limited English fluency
D) socioeconomic status close to that of native-born citizens

Question 26

Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, what new measure has the government imposed on foreign-born persons in the United States or those who wish to travel or study here?

A) The United States has established a Diversity Visa Program, which limits immigration of people from the Caribbean.
B) The United States has raised the eligibility requirements for lottery visas.
C) The United States has made it more difficult for people from countries with large Muslim populations to enter the country.
D) The United States has opened a new channel for "independent" immigration.

Question 27

Under U.S. immigration law, immigrant parents of children __________ their own children in order to obtain LPR status for those children.

A) are required to sponsor
B) are not allowed to sponsor
C) may sponsor
D) very reluctantly sponsor

Question 28

Under U.S. immigration law, a legal immigrant __________ to be eligible to sponsor a married daughter or son for immigration to the United States.

A) must obtain citizenship status
B) must have the requisite language skills
C) must meet higher levels of socioeconomic status
D) can have no more than four other children with legal resident status

Question 29

Sociological research suggests that assimilation is __________.

A) multifaceted
B) easy for everyone
C) difficult for everyone
D) impossible for anyone

Question 30

Why is a green card so coveted by foreign-born persons?

A) It is the paper evidence of asylum status.
B) It is the paper evidence of LPR status.
C) It is the paper evidence of refugee status.
D) It is the paper evidence of temporary legal status.

Question 31

Which two factors generally lead to lower spatial concentration of immigrants?

A) lower socioeconomic status and lengthier duration of stay in the host country
B) higher socioeconomic status and lengthier duration of stay in the host country
C) higher socioeconomic status and degree of English fluency
D) lower socioeconomic status and degree of English fluency

Question 32

Which of the following statements about the first immigration era in U.S. history (1789-1874) is true?

A) During the first immigration era in U.S. history, noncitizens could vote in a majority of states.
B) During the first immigration era in U.S. history, immigration was largely restricted to English, Dutch, and German immigrants.
C) During the first immigration era in U.S. history, naturalization was largely unrestricted.
D) During the first immigration era in U.S. history, a tax on each person entering the country was instituted.

Question 33

However great their desire to move, some people will not migrate. What is the most plausible reason for this?

A) Some individuals are tied stayers.
B) Emigration and immigration policies bar some individuals from crossing borders.
C) The search to make life better usually begins and ends locally.
D) Most individuals, given the complexities of family dynamics, are rarely movers-at-heart.

Question 34

For whom is the cost of migration likely to be lowest?

A) for a low-skill, low-wage immigrant with low migrant energy
B) for a high-skill, high-wage immigrant whose parents were stayers, not movers
C) for a healthy immigrant with high migrant energy
D) for a third-generation immigrant whose grandparents and parents were movers, not stayers

Question 35

Which groups did the National Origins Act of 1924 primarily attempt to exclude?

A) Germans, Italians, and Jews
B) Irish, Jews, and Slavs
C) Italians, Jews, and Slavs
D) Germans, Jews, and Slavs

Question 36

Geographic areas that attract large numbers of persons of any single kind have come to be called __________.

A) co-national communities
B) ethnic enclaves
C) foreign folds
D) new immigrant networks

Question 37

Which statement best characterizes the second immigration era in U.S. history (1875-1920)?

A) The second immigration era in U.S. history can be best characterized as a period when immigration was largely unrestricted.
B) The second immigration era in U.S. history can be best characterized as a period when there were no numerical limitations on immigration, only a growing set of exclusions.
C) The second immigration era in U.S. history can be best characterized as a period when growing numerical limitations on immigration matched a growing set of exclusions.
D) The second immigration era in U.S. history can be best characterized as free of explicit policy controls.

Question 38

At present, nearly 4.5 million persons waiting for numerically limited visas are approved, even though only approximately 366,000 visas are available each year, totaling over __________ years' worth of visas.

A) 7
B) 4
C) 12
D) 28

Question 39

If the desire to migrate is strongest among the healthiest individuals in a sending country, sociologists say that __________.

A) selection on health is negative
B) selection on health is positive
C) health is a push factor
D) health is a pull factor

Question 40

Why was the Bracero Program started?

A) to circumvent the quota system imposed by the National Origins Act
B) to supply the growing aviation industry with skilled labor, in the years after World War II
C) to supply labor for defense industry jobs during World War II
D) to stem labor shortages, especially in agriculture and railroad maintenance, in the years after World War II

Question 41

Analyze the relationship between socioeconomic status of immigrants and the degree of assimilation that they exhibit.

Question 42

Which of the following best reflects the positive impact that immigration has had on the United States?

A) a greater sense of national pride
B) an increase in natives' educational achievements
C) an increase in natives' financial well-being and productivity
D) a reduction in the likelihood of entering a war with immigrants' home countries

Question 43

Analyze the debate regarding immigration between the United States and Mexico.

Question 44

Why do children left behind in the origin country by parents who migrate to the United States merit special study? Why might the children be left behind?

Question 45

Who, among the following, is likely to be considered a golden child, in the context of U.S. immigration law?

A) Elgin, a foreign-born child living with his foreign-born parents in Southern California
B) Ilhan, a foreign-born child sent by his parents who are in the United States to be raised in their origin country
C) Cornelia, a child left behind in Haiti by parents who are in Miami
D) Stella, a child born to foreign-born parents while they were living in Queens

Question 46

What are the two pathways to U.S. citizenship for foreign-born persons?

Question 47

Which of the following recent immigrants is more likely to have a better chance of assimilating fully into his or her new country's society?

A) Anna, who struggles with her new language, is enjoying participating in the local customs, and is happy to have a good job and a nice apartment near her new friends
B) Chad, who has never had trouble learning new languages, enjoys living amidst so many other families from his native country, and hopes to find a job soon
C) Marta, who likes her new apartment but has trouble paying the rent; she has yet to understand the local festivals and traditions but likes the fact that she can live the way she was raised
D) Talmud, who likes the landscape of his new country but misses much about his native land; he is eager to start dating but doesn't want to date outside of his ethnicity

Question 48

What are second-generation children said to have inherited from their parents?

A) at least a portion of their parents' migrant energy
B) none of their parents' migrant energy
C) none of their parents' tied mover status
D) at least a portion of their parents' tied mover status

Question 49

Research on children ages 8 through 12 found that the probability of being fluent in English __________ among children whose parents had illegal experience than among children whose parents had never been unauthorized.

A) was higher
B) was lower
C) was the same
D) was near zero

Question 50

Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between migrants and remittances?

A) Permanent migrants are most likely to send remittances.
B) Sending remittances may be interpreted as part of a family contract.
C) Temporary migrants are not likely to send remittances.
D) Remittances seem to be affected by economic recessions.

Question 51

Over half of all recent immigrants live in four U.S. states. Which of the following states is included in these four?

A) New York
B) Arizona
C) New Mexico
D) Washington

Question 52

Some states, most notably Arizona, have moved aggressively to try to remove illegal residents from the country and send them back to their homeland. This policy is known as __________.

A) deportation
B) immigration
C) asylum
D) emigration

Question 53

What has research determined is the difference in English fluency between children born in the United States and children brought to the country before the age of four?

A) Children born in the United States had a significantly higher probability of being fluent in English than those who immigrated at a young age.
B) Children born in the United States had a slightly higher probability of being fluent in English than those who immigrated at a young age.
C) Children born in the United States had no discernible difference in English fluency than those who immigrated at a young age.
D) Children born in the United States had no discernible difference in English fluency than those who immigrated at a young age when their parents were proficient English speakers.