Deck 16: Motivating Employees

Question 1

 A high need for power often is associated with successful attainment of top levels in the organizational hierarchy.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

 Physiological needs are the most basic human physical needs, which are reflected in the workplace as needs for adequate heat, air, and base salary to ensure survival.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

 Good managers avoid the use of fear tactics to motivate people.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

 Two ways to classify rewards are extrinsic and monetary.

Question 5

 Rewards given by another person are intrinsic rewards.

Question 6

 A need for power, a need for accomplishment, and a need for superior power were proposed by David McClelland's acquired needs theory.

Question 7

 In Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, freedom from violence is an example of physiological needs.

Question 8

 Employee motivation affects productivity, and part of a manager's job is to channel motivation toward the accomplishment of organizational goals.

Question 9

 Extrinsic rewards are the satisfactions that a person receives in the process of performing a particular action.

Question 10

 Hygiene factors involve the presence or absence of job dissatisfiers, such as working conditions, pay, company policies, and interpersonal relationships.

Question 11

 One category of motivation theory is content theories.

Question 12

 Process theories emphasize the needs that motivate people.

Question 13

 Esteem needs are those needs that relate to the desire for a positive self-image and the desire to receive attention, recognition, and appreciation from others.

Question 14

 Herzberg's two-factor theory divides work-related needs into two categories: hygiene factors and reward factors.

Question 15

 Factors that focus on high-level needs and include achievement, recognition, responsibility, and opportunity for growth are called motivators.

Question 16

 The implication of the two-factor theory for managers is clear. Providing hygiene factors will eliminate employee dissatisfaction but will not motivate workers to high achievement levels.

Question 17

 Good hygiene factors themselves cause people to become highly satisfied and motivated in their work.

Question 18

 External needs and relatedness needs are the first two categories of needs in Alderfer's ERG theory.

Question 19

 The arousal of enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a certain course of action refers to motivation.

Question 20

 Some companies have found that job flexibility is a great high-level motivator.

Question 21

 The administration of a pleasant and rewarding consequence following a desired behavior is positive reinforcement.

Question 22

 Process theories explain how people select behavioral actions to meet their needs and determine whether their choices were successful.

Question 23

 Extinction is the withholding of a positive reward.

Question 24

 Punishment increases the likelihood that behavior will be repeated.

Question 25

 Expectancy theory is based on the relationship among the individual's effort and performance and not on the desirability of outcomes.

Question 26

 Goal acceptance, in goal-setting theory, means that employees have to "buy into" the goals and be committed to them.

Question 27

 Goal-setting theory proposes that specific, challenging goals increase motivation and performance when the goals are accepted by subordinates and these subordinates receive feedback to indicate their progress toward goal achievement.

Question 28

 Goal specificity, in goal-setting theory, refers to the difficulty level of goals.

Question 29

 The imposition of unpleasant outcomes on an employee is avoidance learning.

Question 30

 Behavior that is positively reinforced tends to be repeated, and behavior that is not reinforced tends not to be repeated, as stated in the law of effect.

Question 31

 Punishment in organizations is often criticized because it fails to indicate the correct behavior.

Question 32

 Job rotation moves employees systematically from one job to another to provide variety and stimulation.

Question 33

 Equity theory focuses on individuals' perceptions of how fairly they are treated compared with others.

Question 34

 Equity theory, developed by J. Stacy Adams, states that people evaluate equity by a ratio of inputs to outcomes.

Question 35

 Expectancy theory is a process theory that focuses on individuals' perceptions of how fairly they are treated compared with others.

Question 36

 According to expectancy theory, a person's E ? P expectancy is the expectancy that putting effort into a given task will lead to high performance.

Question 37

 Punishment refers to the imposition of an unpleasant outcome following an undesirable behavior.

Question 38

 According to expectancy theory, for an employee to be highly motivated, E ? P expectancy, P ? O expectancy, and valence must be high.

Question 39

 Expectancy theory attempts to define specific types of needs or rewards to establish that they exist and may be similar to other individuals.

Question 40

 Valence is the value of outcomes, or attraction to outcomes, for the individual.

Question 41

 Employee engagement means that people enjoy their jobs and are satisfied with their work conditions, contribute enthusiastically to meeting team and organizational goals, and feel a sense of belonging and commitment to the organization.

Question 42

 Which of the following is a process theory?

A) Goal-setting theory
B) Equity theory
C) Expectancy theory
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 43

 Skill variety, task identity, and task significance tend to influence the employee's psychological state of experienced meaningfulness of work.

Question 44

 Job enlargement combines a series of small tasks into one new, broader job so that people perform a variety of activities.

Question 45

 Which of the following theories focuses on the relationship between behavior and its consequences?

A) Reinforcement
B) ERG
C) Hierarchy of needs
D) Two-factor
E) Acquired needs

Question 46

 Sally enjoys her job as a teacher, not because of the pay or benefits, but because she feels good about shaping the minds of tomorrow's leaders. Sally is motivated by:

A) power factors.
B) leadership factors.
C) hygiene factors.
D) extrinsic rewards.
E) intrinsic rewards.

Question 47

 A(n) __________ is an example of an intrinsic reward.

A) employee's feelings of self-worth
B) pat on the back from your boss
C) pay raise
D) promotion
E) bonus

Question 48

 __________ refers to a reward given by another person.

A) An intrinsic reward
B) An internal reward
C) An extrinsic reward
D) A valued reward
E) Charity

Question 49

 Empowering employees involves giving them four elements that enable them to act more freely to accomplish their jobs: information, knowledge, power, and rewards.

Question 50

 The degree to which the job is perceived as important and having an impact on the company or consumers refers to task significance.

Question 51

 Organizations that empower workers often reward them based on the results shown in the company's bottom line.

Question 52

 The job characteristic of autonomy influences the worker's experiencing meaningfulness of work.

Question 53

 Which motivation theory proposes that needs must be satisfied in sequence?

A) Reinforcement
B) ERG
C) Hierarchy of needs
D) Two-factor
E) Social learning

Question 54

 Which of the following theories proposes that people are motivated by physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization needs?

A) Reinforcement
B) Process
C) Situational
D) Hierarchy of needs
E) Contingency

Question 55

 Gain sharing rewards employees with part ownership of the organization based on achieving performance goals.

Question 56

 Job enlargement refers to incorporating high-level motivators into the work, including responsibility, recognition, and opportunities for growth, learning, and achievement.

Question 57

 Which of the following is the arousal and persistence to pursue a certain course of action?

A) Commitment
B) Motivation
C) Satisfaction
D) Rewarding behavior
E) Behavior modification

Question 58

 Katie dislikes almost everything about her job. The only reason she continues to work at Mace Autobody is the excellent benefits package she receives. Katie is motivated by:

A) extrinsic rewards.
B) intrinsic rewards.
C) variable rewards.
D) all of these.
E) none of these.

Question 59

 Which of the following theories emphasizes the needs that motivate people?

A) Process
B) Reinforcement
C) Content
D) Contingency
E) Situational

Question 60

 Employee stock ownership plans give employees part ownership of the company, enabling them to share in improved profits.

Question 61

 The majority of hourly workers at Formatting Unlimited are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied. What would Herzberg recommend if your goal were to increase their level of satisfaction?

A) Increase the level of hygiene factors
B) Increase the level of motivators
C) Decrease the level of motivators
D) Decrease the level of hygiene factors
E) None of these

Question 62

 Alderfer referred to the needs for physical well-being as __________ needs.

A) physiological
B) existence
C) belongingness
D) relatedness
E) growth

Question 63

 Which of the following is not a type of need proposed by Maslow in his hierarchy of needs theory?

A) Safety
B) Compensation
C) Physiological
D) Esteem
E) Self-actualization

Question 64

 Nelson is motivated by a strong need for recognition and is continually seeking credit for his contributions to the organization. According to Maslow, Neil is motivated by which category of needs?

A) Physiological
B) Safety
C) Belongingness
D) Esteem
E) Self-actualization

Question 65

 Which component of goal-setting theory refers to the need to make goals highly ambitious but achievable?

A) Goal specificity
B) Goal difficulty
C) Goal acceptance
D) Feedback
E) Goal motivation

Question 66

 __________ needs describe the most basic human physical needs, including food, water, and oxygen.

A) Self-actualization
B) Physiological
C) Esteem
D) Belongingness
E) Safety

Question 67

 Highroller Casinos provides good salaries and benefits, including bonuses of up to 25 percent of annual salaries. However, the company has been criticized for not establishing an achievement or recognition program for its employees. Which of the following best describes the company in terms of the two-factor theory?

A) Good motivators and inadequate hygiene factors
B) Good hygiene factors and inadequate motivators
C) Good hygiene factors and motivators
D) Inadequate hygiene factors and motivators
E) None of these

Question 68

 According to Herzberg, __________ is an example of a hygiene factor.

A) achievement
B) recognition
C) pay
D) responsibility
E) opportunity for growth

Question 69

 According to Maslow, the highest-order needs are __________ needs.

A) self-actualization 
B) physiological 
C) esteem 
D) belongingness 
E) safety 

Question 70

 __________ have the greatest impact, according to Herzberg, on job satisfaction.

A) Hygiene factors
B) Reinforcers
C) Motivators
D) Dissatisfiers
E) All of these

Question 71

 Frank is primarily driven by a need to establish satisfactory relationships with other people. Alderfer would say he is motivated by __________ needs.

A) growth 
B) existence 
C) relatedness 
D) self-actualization 
E) physiological 

Question 72

 Which of the following types of needs reflect the desire to be accepted by one's peers, have friendships, be part of a group, and be loved?

A) Self-actualization
B) Physiological
C) Esteem
D) Belongingness
E) Safety

Question 73

 Which of the following focus on high-level needs, according to Herzberg, and include achievement, recognition, responsibility, and opportunity for growth?

A) Hygiene factors
B) Extrinsic factors
C) Motivators
D) Dissatisfiers
E) All of these

Question 74

 Which component of goal-setting theory means that people get information about how well they are doing in progressing toward goal achievement?

A) Goal specificity
B) Goal difficulty
C) Goal acceptance
D) Feedback
E) Goal motivation

Question 75

 In goal-setting theory, __________ means that employees have to "buy into" the goals and be committed to them.

A) goal specificity
B) goal difficulty
C) goal acceptance
D) feedback
E) goal motivation

Question 76

 Denise has a desire to influence others, be responsible for them, and have authority over them. It can be described as:

A) her need for power.
B) her need for achievement.
C) her need for affiliation.
D) her need for relatedness.
E) none of these.

Question 77

 A high need for __________ often is associated with successful attainment of top levels in the organizational hierarchy, according to McClelland.

A) power
B) achievement
C) affiliation
D) success
E) expertise

Question 78

 Alden is a recent college graduate. He is unsure about his future. A counselor in his university's career resources office recently told Alden that he had a high need for achievement. What type of career should Alden pursue?

A) He should look for work as a project manager.
B) He should think about starting his own business.
C) He should look for work in "corporate America" as he is sure to climb to the top.
D) He should play the lottery.
E) None of these

Question 79

 The desire to form close personal relationships, avoid conflict, and establish warm friendships describes:

A) a need for affiliation.
B) a need for power.
C) a need for achievement.
D) a need for authority.
E) all of these.

Question 80

 The frustration-regression principle is most closely related with:

A) Maslow.
B) Herzberg.
C) McClelland.
D) Alderfer.
E) Adams.