Deck 2: The Evolution of Management Thinking

Question 1

 Management practices and perspectives vary in response to social, political, and economic changes in the larger society.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

 Scientific management developed a standard method for performing each job.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

 Fayol's unity of command principle emphasizes that each subordinate receives orders from one-and only one-superior.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

 Administrative acts and decisions recorded in writing is one of the six characteristics of the ideal bureaucracy.

Question 5

 The humanistic perspective contains three subfields: scientific management, bureaucratic organizations, and administrative principles.

Question 6

 The classical perspective on management emerged during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Question 7

 The struggle to balance the "things of production" with the "humanity of production" has continued from the nineteenth century to today.

Question 8

 One of the criticisms of scientific management is it did not acknowledge variance among individuals.

Question 9

 With clear definitions of authority and responsibility, division of labor is one of the six characteristics of the ideal bureaucracy.

Question 10

 Scientific management focuses on employee competence, whereas the administrative principles approach focuses on work flow through the organization.

Question 11

 Scientific management evolved with the use of precise procedures in place of tradition and rules of thumb.

Question 12

 The scalar chain is a hypothetical chain that provides horizontal links between unionized workers in different departments in an organization.

Question 13

 Standardization of work and wage incentives are characteristics of behavioral science.

Question 14

 With a focus on things of production, management focus on meeting human needs for greater motivation and engagement to increase effectiveness.

Question 15

 The unity of direction principle proposes that similar activities in an organization should be grouped together under one manager.

Question 16

 Frederick W. Taylor developed systems thinking and emphasized the 14 principles of management that should guide managerial behavior.

Question 17

 The earliest forms of management were on the needs of people.

Question 18

 Follett and Barnard were early advocates of a more humanistic perspective on management that emphasized the importance of understanding human behaviors, needs, and attitudes in the workplace, as well as social interactions and group processes.

Question 19

 Social business is one of the oldest approaches in the evolution of management thinking and practice.

Question 20

 A criticism of human relations management is that it ignores the social context and workers' needs.

Question 21

 Mary Parker Follett's approach to leadership stressed the importance of engineering techniques rather than people.

Question 22

 According to Douglas McGregor, Theory X and Theory Y provide two opposing views of workers: Theory X recognizes that workers enjoy achievement and responsibility, whereas Theory Y recognizes that workers will avoid work whenever possible.

Question 23

 Discerning circles of causality is an important element of systems thinking.

Question 24

 Systems thinking develops theories about human behavior based on scientific methods and study.

Question 25

 The contingency view tells managers that what works in one organizational situation works in all other situations.

Question 26

 The human relations movement initially espoused a dairy farm view of management, meaning that contented cows give more milk, and satisfied workers will produce more work.

Question 27

 The Hawthorne studies resulted in the movement towards scientific management.

Question 28

 An assumption of Theory Y is that the average human being has an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it if possible.

Question 29

 Information technology is the most recent subfield of the quantitative perspective.

Question 30

 Scientific management stresses the satisfaction of employees' basic needs as the key to increased productivity.

Question 31

 Weber perceived bureaucracy as a threat to basic personal liberties but also recognized it as the most efficient and rational form of organizing.

Question 32

 Management science uses qualitative data in management decision making.

Question 33

 The field of management that specializes in the physical production of goods or services refers to operations management.

Question 34

 Systems thinking refers to the fact that managers need to understand the synergy of the separate elements of the organization in order to understand the synergy of the whole organization.

Question 35

 The term "quants" refers to financial managers and others who base their decisions on complex quantitative analysis, under the assumption that using advanced mathematics and sophisticated computer technology can accurately predict how the market works.

Question 36

 Theory Y proposes that organizations can take advantage of the imagination and intellect of all of their employees.

Question 37

 The Hawthorne studies led to the early conclusion that positive human relations can lead to significantly higher performance.

Question 38

 A social group within an organization is part of the informal organization.

Question 39

 Organization development is a specific set of management techniques based in the behavioral sciences approach.

Question 40

 Contingency thinking is the ability to see both the distinct elements of a system or situation and the complex and changing interaction among those elements.

Question 41

 Which of the following is a subfield of the classical management perspective that emphasized scientifically determined jobs and management practices as the solution to improving labor productivity?

A) Human relations movement
B) Behavioral sciences approach
C) Management science
D) Systems thinking
E) Scientific management 

Question 42

 A supply chain is a network of multiple businesses and individuals that are connected through the flow of products or services.

Question 43

 Jessica is a recent college graduate who grew up technologically adept. She is seeking a job that has a flexible, collaborative work environment that is challenging and supportive and has many opportunities for furthering her career. Based on this information, Jessica is most likely a __________ employee.

A) Baby Boomer
B) Generation X
C) Millennial
D) Generation Z
E) Traditionalist

Question 44

 What do Kaiser Permanente, General Motors, and Morgan Stanley Wealth Management have in common?

A) They are all pioneers in using scientific management.
B) They all use social media technology to connect with their customers.
C) They are all currently experimenting with a bossless workplace.
D) They were early advocates of using quantitative techniques to facilitate management decision making.
E) None of these

Question 45

 Two ideas related to a technology-driven workplace are the bossless work environment and employee engagement.

Question 46

 Which of the following perspectives emphasized a rational, scientific approach to the study of management and sought to turn organizations into efficient operating machines?

A) Humanistic perspective
B) Behavioral sciences approach
C) Classical perspective
D) Contingency view
E) Systems thinking

Question 47

 An advantage to a bossless workplace is a reduced amount of money spent on training and development.

Question 48

 Big data analytics is used by most corporations today.

Question 49

 Out of all of the management perspectives, the classical perspective has been strongest from the 1950s until today.

Question 50

 Which of the following is considered to be a social media program?

A) Company online community page
B) Video channel
C) Microblogging platform
D) Wiki for virtual collaboration
E) All of these

Question 51

 The nineteenth and early twentieth centuries saw the development of which management perspective?

A) Human relations movement
B) Behavioral sciences approach
C) Classical perspective
D) Contingency view
E) Systems thinking

Question 52

 Which of the following characteristics describe Millennial employees, in general?

A) Hesitant to question their superiors
B) Less educated than their peers
C) Globally conscious
D) Technologically inept
E) Hesitant to challenge the status quo

Question 53

 Frank Gilbreth felt that efficiency equated with:

A) one best way to do work.
B) leadership flows from the top down.
C) procedures and policies.
D) scientific management.
E) bureaucracy.

Question 54

 Which of the following management perspectives occurred first?

A) Total quality management
B) Contingency view
C) Social business
D) Systems thinking
E) Humanistic perspective

Question 55

 The classical perspective to management assumes a universalist view as opposed to a case view.

Question 56

 Millennial employees are the most educated generation in the history of the United States.

Question 57

 Supply chain management refers to managing the sequence of suppliers and purchasers and covers all stages of processing, from obtaining raw materials to distributing finished goods to consumers.

Question 58

 Which of the following statements regarding studying history is not true?

A) Studying history is a way to improve conceptual skills.
B) Studying history means developing an understanding of the impact of societal forces on organizations.
C) Studying history is a way to achieve strategic thinking.
D) Studying history means arranging events in chronological order.
E) None of these statements are correct.

Question 59

 Big data analytics can be thought of a direct descendant of the behavioral sciences approach to management.

Question 60

 A focus on __________ occurs when management focus is on meeting human needs for greater motivation and engagement to increase effectiveness.

A) humanity of production
B) adequate manpower
C) things of production
D) operations management
E) things of efficiency

Question 61

 All of the following are characteristics of Weberian bureaucracy except:

A) labor is divided with clear definitions of authority and responsibility.
B) positions are organized in a hierarchy, with each position under the authority of a higher one.
C) all personnel are selected and promoted based on technical qualifications.
D) administrative acts and decisions are recorded in writing.
E) management is the same as the ownership of the organization.

Question 62

 The four subfields of the classical perspective include:

A) management science, behavioral sciences, human resources, and administrative principles.
B) bureaucratic organizations, management science, systems thinking, and human relations.
C) administrative principles, bureaucratic organizations, management science, and scientific management.
D) scientific management, management science, systems thinking, and management science.
E) none of these.

Question 63

 According to Weber's ideas on bureaucracy, organizations should be based on:

A) personal loyalty.
B) personal references.
C) rational authority.
D) family ties.
E) charismatic authority.

Question 64

 __________ is considered the "father of scientific management."

A) Frank B. Gilbreth
B) Elton Mayo
C) Henry Gantt
D) Douglas McGregor
E) Frederick W. Taylor

Question 65

 Max Weber felt selection of employees should be based on: 

A) education.
B) competence.
C) connections.
D) political skills.
E) efficient systems.

Question 66

 Positions organized in a hierarchy of authority is an important characteristic of:

A) scientific management.
B) the bureaucratic organizations approach.
C) management science.
D) the human relations movement.
E) the behavioral sciences approach.

Question 67

 Mary Parker Follett contributed to which of the following perspectives on management?

A) Humanistic perspective
B) Scientific management 
C) Social business
D) Management science
E) Systems thinking

Question 68

 Archies' Antiques, Inc., is characterized by separation of management from ownership and by clearly defined lines of authority and responsibility. These characteristics are consistent with the principles of:

A) scientific management.
B) the bureaucratic organizations approach.
C) management science.
D) the human resources perspective.
E) all of these.

Question 69

 Which of the following is a bar graph that measures planned and completed work along each stage of production by time elapsed?

A) Time and work chart
B) Gantt chart
C) Time and motion chart
D) Production and delivery chart
E) Gilbreth chart

Question 70

 UPS is successful in the package delivery market. One important reason for this success is the concept of:

A) globalization.
B) employee flexibility.
C) loose standards.
D) bureaucracy.
E) a nonbureaucratic organizational system.

Question 71

 Who is considered the "first lady of management?"

A) Mary Parker Follett
B) Lillian Gilbreth
C) Carly Fiorona
D) Maxine Weber
E) Anne Adams

Question 72

 Matrix Dress Designs operates using the concept of empowerment, where employees act independently and with management facilitating rather than controlling workers. These qualities represent which management approach?

A) Administrative principles approach
B) Bureaucratic organizations approach
C) Scientific management 
D) Humanistic perspective
E) Behavioral sciences approach

Question 73

 Whereas scientific management focuses on __________, administrative principles approach focuses on __________.

A) individual productivity; the total organization
B) organization productivity; individual effort
C) efficient procedures; management by principle
D) employee ability; employee loyalty
E) employee competence; work flow through the organization

Question 74

 Which of the following is a major criticism of scientific management?

A) It ignored the social context of work.
B) It ignored the impact of compensation on performance.
C) It overemphasized individual differences.
D) It overemphasized the intelligence of workers.
E) It emphasized the social context of work.

Question 75

 Frederick Taylor's contributions were in the field of:

A) scientific management.
B) the human resources perspective.
C) the human relations movement.
D) management science.
E) the behavioral sciences approach.

Question 76

 Time and motion studies that resulted in drastic reduction in the time that patients spent on the operating table were pioneered by:

A) Edward Deming.
B) Henry Gantt.
C) Max Weber.
D) Mary Parker Follett.
E) Frank Gilbreth.

Question 77

 The bureaucratic organizations approach is a subfield within: 

A) the classical perspective.
B) systems thinking.
C) scientific management.
D) the humanistic perspective.
E) management science.

Question 78

 Standardization of work and wage incentives are characteristics of:

A) bureaucratic organizations.
B) scientific management.
C) management science.
D) systems thinking.
E) behavioral sciences.

Question 79

 Which of the following is not a criticism of scientific management?

A) It did not appreciate the social context of work.
B) It did not appreciate the higher needs of workers.
C) It did not appreciate the careful study of tasks and jobs.
D) It did not acknowledge variance among individuals.
E) It tended to regard workers as uninformed and ignored their ideas and suggestions.

Question 80

 The assembly line is most consistent with which of the following general principles of management?

A) Unity of command
B) Division of work
C) Authority
D) Scalar chain
E) None of these