Deck 24: Multivariate Statistical Analysis

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سؤال
Multicollinearity in regression analysis refers to how strongly interrelated the independent variables in a model are.
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سؤال
In multiple regression, the dependent and independent variables must be metric measures.
سؤال
MANOVA predicts multiple continuous dependent variables with multiple continuous independent variables.
سؤال
The most common rule for extracting factors in factor analysis is to base the number of factors on the number of eigenvalues greater than 1.0
سؤال
To determine whether the discriminant analysis can be used as a good predictor, information provided in the factor profile is used.
سؤال
The variate is a mathematical way in which a set of variables can be represented with one equation.
سؤال
Multiple regression analysis includes a single independent variable but several dependent variables.
سؤال
Factor rotation is a mathematical way of simplifying factor results.
سؤال
Multivariate statistical analysis permit the researcher to consider the effects of three or more variables at the same time.
سؤال
Nominal and ordinal scales are referred to as nonmetric scales.
سؤال
Cluster analysis is a type of interdependence method.
سؤال
The basic types of multivariate techniques are primary methods and secondary methods.
سؤال
Mulitvariate dependence techniques are variants of the general linear model (GLM).
سؤال
The type of measurement scales used does not influence which multivariate statistical techniques are appropriate for the data.
سؤال
Discriminant analysis predicts a categorical dependent variable based on a linear combination of independent variables.
سؤال
In multiple regression, dummy variables are those that have no effect on the dependent variable.
سؤال
The general linear model is a way of explaining and predicting a dependent variable based on fluctuations (variation) from its mean, with the fluctuations due to changes in independent variables.
سؤال
A factor loading indicates how strongly a measured variable is correlated with a factor.
سؤال
In multiple regression, the coefficient of multiple determination, or c2, indicates the percentage of the variation in Y that can be explained by all independent variables.
سؤال
Partial correlations measure the variance inflation among independent variables.
سؤال
When a researcher is attempting to predict sales volume by using building permits, amount of advertising, and the income levels of residents, the researcher is using _____.

A) univariate analysis
B) a chi-square analysis
C) multiple regression analysis
D) factor analysis
سؤال
Which of the following is a dependence method of analysis?

A) structural equations modeling
B) multiple regression analysis
C) multiple discriminant analysis
D) all of these choices
سؤال
All of the following are examples of interdependence methods of analysis EXCEPT _____.

A) factor analysis
B) cluster analysis
C) multidimensional scaling
D) conjoint analysis
سؤال
Nominal and ordinal scales are examples of ______ scales, while interval and ratio scales are examples of ______ scales.

A) metric; co-metric
B) nonmetric; metric
C) nonmetric; advanced
D) metric; continuous
سؤال
Which of the following is an example of an interdependence analysis method?

A) multidimensional scaling
B) multiple regression analysis
C) conjoint analysis
D) all of these choices
سؤال
Multidimensional scaling provides a means for placing objects in multidimensional space on the basis of respondents' judgments of the similarity of objects.
سؤال
Which analysis is portrayed by the equation: Y = bo + b1X1 + b2X2 + b3X3... + bnXn?

A) simple regression
B) multiple regression
C) chi-square
D) factor analysis
سؤال
Factor analysis is considered a data reduction technique.
سؤال
When a multivariate statistical technique is used to predict job satisfaction from several independent variables, such as age, salary, and number of years in that position, the researcher is studying _____.

A) dependence
B) independence
C) interdependence
D) segments
سؤال
Which type of analysis involves three or more variables?

A) univariate statistical analysis
B) bivariate statistical analysis
C) multivariate statistical analysis
D) all of these choices
سؤال
All of the following are examples of dependence methods of analysis EXCEPT _____.

A) multiple regression analysis
B) multiple discriminant analysis
C) cluster analysis
D) multivariate analysis of variance
سؤال
In cluster analysis, each cluster should have low internal homogeneity and high external heterogeneity.
سؤال
The two basic groups of multivariate techniques are _____.

A) dependence methods and interdependence methods
B) primary methods and secondary methods
C) simple methods and complex methods
D) partial methods and complete methods
سؤال
If the analysis contains only one dependent variable and that variable is metric, the appropriate statistical analysis is:

A) multiple discriminant analysis
B) conjoint analysis
C) multivariate ANOVA
D) multiple regression
سؤال
In regression analysis, the symbol X is commonly used for the ______ variable, and the symbol Y is commonly used for the ______ variable.

A) dependent; moderating
B) independent; dependent
C) dependent; independent
D) independent; moderating
سؤال
Which of the following is a mathematical way in which a set of variables can be represented with one equation?

A) structuralism
B) variate
C) ANOVA
D) synergy
سؤال
Mulitvariate dependence techniques are variants of the _____, which is a way of modeling some process based on how different variables cause fluctuations from the average dependent variable.

A) ordinary linear model (OLM)
B) weighted average model (WAM)
C) general linear model (GLM)
D) metric scaling model (MSM)
سؤال
Which of the following is an appropriate technique when the inputs are metric?

A) cluster analysis
B) metric multidimensional scaling
C) factor analysis
D) all of these choices
سؤال
In factor analysis, communality is a measure of the percentage of a variable's variation that can be explained by the factors.
سؤال
The rule of parsimony basically means "less is better."
سؤال
Which of the following is computed by most regression programs and provide an indication of how much multicollinearity exists among a set of independent variables?

A) c2
B) b
C) collinear coefficient
D) variance inflation factor (VIF)
سؤال
The correlation between two variables after taking into account the fact that they are correlated with other variables too is called _____.

A) partial correlation
B) standardized correlation
C) raw correlation
D) variant correlation
سؤال
A researcher has 57 variables in a large dataset and wishes to summarize the information from them into a reduced set of variables. Which multivariate technique should be used?

A) factor analysis
B) multidimensional scaling
C) logit analysis
D) regression analysis
سؤال
A value of R2 = 0.40 means that _____ percent of the variance in the dependent variable is explained by the independent variables.

A) 80
B) 60
C) 40
D) 16
سؤال
Which of the following suggests problems with multicollinearity?

A) VIF > 5.0
B) b < 3.0
C) Power > 0.8
D) a > 0.8
سؤال
In the formula for the F-test in multiple regression, n - k - 1 represents the ____.

A) degrees of freedom of the numerator
B) number of observations
C) degrees of freedom of the denominator
D) number of independent variables
سؤال
A mathematical way of simplifying factor analysis results is _____.

A) factor loading
B) factor reduction
C) factor rotation
D) factor analysis
سؤال
If the analysis predicts several continuous dependent variables with several categorical independent variables, the appropriate statistical technique is _____.

A) multiple regression
B) multiple discriminant analysis
C) conjoint analysis
D) MANOVA
سؤال
If a researcher wants to know how strongly a measured variable is correlated with a factor, what should she look at?

A) factor b
B) discriminator
C) factor link
D) factor loading
سؤال
A variable that is coded as either zero or one and that has two distinct levels is called a(n) _____.

A) regression variable
B) dummy variable
C) MANOVA variable
D) ANOVA variable
سؤال
_____ is the extent to which independent variables in a multiple regression analysis are correlated with each other.

A) Convergence
B) Variance
C) Skedacity
D) Multicollinearity
سؤال
If the regression equation is: Y = 98.3 +.35X1 + 22.3X2, the predicted value for Y when X1 = 3 and X2 = 5 is _____.

A) 118.45
B) 210.85
C) 67.23
D) 98.3
سؤال
If a bank wants to differentiate between successful and unsuccessful credit risks for home mortgage loans, it should use _____.

A) factor analysis
B) multidimensional scaling
C) MANOVA
D) discriminant analysis
سؤال
Which of the following suggests that an explanation involving fewer components is better than one involving more?

A) rule of twos
B) rule of parsimony
C) data reduction rule
D) min-max rule
سؤال
A researcher is analyzing data and is concerned over how strongly interrelated the independent variables of attitude toward one's employer and attitude toward one's coworkers are in his model. The researcher is concerned about _____.

A) multicollinearity
B) MANOVA
C) degrees of freedom
D) convergence
سؤال
Which type of analysis attempts to predict a categorical dependent variable?

A) factor analysis
B) discriminant analysis
C) regression analysis
D) linear analysis
سؤال
In the following formula, k stands for: <strong>In the following formula, k stands for:  </strong> A) the number of observations B) the degrees of freedom of the denominator C) the number of independent variables D) the sample size <div style=padding-top: 35px>

A) the number of observations
B) the degrees of freedom of the denominator
C) the number of independent variables
D) the sample size
سؤال
Which multivariate analysis statistically identifies a reduced number of factors from a larger number of measured variables?

A) factor analysis
B) regression
C) discriminant analysis
D) logit analysis
سؤال
How can a researcher create a composite scale with factor results?

A) The researcher can select the items with high R2 values and average them to form a composite scale.
B) The researcher can sum the variables with high loadings on a factor to create a summated scale.
C) The researcher can sum the variables with high VIF values on a factor to create a summated scale.
D) The research can sum the items with high commonality values on a factor to create a summated scale.
سؤال
In discriminant analysis, a linear combination of independent variables that explains group memberships is known as a(n) _____.

A) regression equation
B) discriminant function
C) discriminant factor
D) n-way ANOVA
سؤال
A multivariate interdependence technique that classifies individuals or objects into a small number of mutually exclusive and exhaustive groups is _____.
سؤال
The purpose of ______ analysis is to summarize information in a large number of variables into a smaller number of factors.
سؤال
Which of the following is a measure of the percentage of a variable's variance that is explained by the factors in factor analysis?

A) R2
B) variance inflation factor
C) partial correlation
D) communality
سؤال
If the researcher wants to classify objects into two mutually exclusive categories, the researcher should use ______ analysis.
سؤال
In cluster analysis, the researcher wants clusters to have high ______ within-clusters and high between-cluster ______.

A) independence; dependence
B) significance; insignificance
C) heterogeneity; homogeneity
D) homogeneity; heterogeneity
سؤال
______ predicts several dependent variables by using several independent variables.
سؤال
A statistical technique that measures objects in multidimensional space on the basis of respondents' judgments of the similarity of objects is _____.
سؤال
Statistical methods that permit the study of three or more variables at the same time are called ______ statistical analysis.
سؤال
Which mulitvariate technique groups observations based on similarity among measured variables?

A) regression
B) cluster analysis
C) conjoint analysis
D) MANOVA
سؤال
A mathematical way of simplifying factor results is _____.
سؤال
An indication of how strongly a measured variable is correlated with a factor is given by the _____.
سؤال
The test used to test statistical significance by comparing variation explained by the regression equation to the residual error variation is the _____.
سؤال
_____ in regression analysis refers to how strongly interrelated the independent variables in a model are.
سؤال
Which mulitvariate techniques measures objects in multidimensional space on the basis of respondents' judgments of the similarity of objects?

A) factor analysis
B) multidimensional scaling
C) structured dimensional modeling
D) relative positioning
سؤال
The two types of multivariate techniques are ______ methods and ______ methods.
سؤال
Multivariate dependence techniques are variants of the _____.
سؤال
Multivariate techniques that try to group things together are known as ______ methods.
سؤال
A ______ variable has two distinct levels that are coded as 0 and 1.
سؤال
General Mills would like to "see" a picture of how its brands are perceived by consumers compared to competitive brands. Which statistical technique can measure brands in multidimensional space on the basis of respondents' judgements of the similarity of the brands?

A) structural equations modeling
B) factor analysis
C) multidimensional scaling
D) partial positioning
سؤال
When an analysis studies the effect of several independent variables on a single dependent variable that is interval-scaled, this is called ______ analysis.
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ملء الشاشة (f)
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Deck 24: Multivariate Statistical Analysis
1
Multicollinearity in regression analysis refers to how strongly interrelated the independent variables in a model are.
True
2
In multiple regression, the dependent and independent variables must be metric measures.
False
3
MANOVA predicts multiple continuous dependent variables with multiple continuous independent variables.
False
4
The most common rule for extracting factors in factor analysis is to base the number of factors on the number of eigenvalues greater than 1.0
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5
To determine whether the discriminant analysis can be used as a good predictor, information provided in the factor profile is used.
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6
The variate is a mathematical way in which a set of variables can be represented with one equation.
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7
Multiple regression analysis includes a single independent variable but several dependent variables.
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8
Factor rotation is a mathematical way of simplifying factor results.
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9
Multivariate statistical analysis permit the researcher to consider the effects of three or more variables at the same time.
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10
Nominal and ordinal scales are referred to as nonmetric scales.
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11
Cluster analysis is a type of interdependence method.
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12
The basic types of multivariate techniques are primary methods and secondary methods.
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13
Mulitvariate dependence techniques are variants of the general linear model (GLM).
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14
The type of measurement scales used does not influence which multivariate statistical techniques are appropriate for the data.
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15
Discriminant analysis predicts a categorical dependent variable based on a linear combination of independent variables.
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16
In multiple regression, dummy variables are those that have no effect on the dependent variable.
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17
The general linear model is a way of explaining and predicting a dependent variable based on fluctuations (variation) from its mean, with the fluctuations due to changes in independent variables.
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18
A factor loading indicates how strongly a measured variable is correlated with a factor.
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19
In multiple regression, the coefficient of multiple determination, or c2, indicates the percentage of the variation in Y that can be explained by all independent variables.
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20
Partial correlations measure the variance inflation among independent variables.
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21
When a researcher is attempting to predict sales volume by using building permits, amount of advertising, and the income levels of residents, the researcher is using _____.

A) univariate analysis
B) a chi-square analysis
C) multiple regression analysis
D) factor analysis
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22
Which of the following is a dependence method of analysis?

A) structural equations modeling
B) multiple regression analysis
C) multiple discriminant analysis
D) all of these choices
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23
All of the following are examples of interdependence methods of analysis EXCEPT _____.

A) factor analysis
B) cluster analysis
C) multidimensional scaling
D) conjoint analysis
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24
Nominal and ordinal scales are examples of ______ scales, while interval and ratio scales are examples of ______ scales.

A) metric; co-metric
B) nonmetric; metric
C) nonmetric; advanced
D) metric; continuous
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25
Which of the following is an example of an interdependence analysis method?

A) multidimensional scaling
B) multiple regression analysis
C) conjoint analysis
D) all of these choices
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26
Multidimensional scaling provides a means for placing objects in multidimensional space on the basis of respondents' judgments of the similarity of objects.
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27
Which analysis is portrayed by the equation: Y = bo + b1X1 + b2X2 + b3X3... + bnXn?

A) simple regression
B) multiple regression
C) chi-square
D) factor analysis
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28
Factor analysis is considered a data reduction technique.
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29
When a multivariate statistical technique is used to predict job satisfaction from several independent variables, such as age, salary, and number of years in that position, the researcher is studying _____.

A) dependence
B) independence
C) interdependence
D) segments
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30
Which type of analysis involves three or more variables?

A) univariate statistical analysis
B) bivariate statistical analysis
C) multivariate statistical analysis
D) all of these choices
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31
All of the following are examples of dependence methods of analysis EXCEPT _____.

A) multiple regression analysis
B) multiple discriminant analysis
C) cluster analysis
D) multivariate analysis of variance
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32
In cluster analysis, each cluster should have low internal homogeneity and high external heterogeneity.
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33
The two basic groups of multivariate techniques are _____.

A) dependence methods and interdependence methods
B) primary methods and secondary methods
C) simple methods and complex methods
D) partial methods and complete methods
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34
If the analysis contains only one dependent variable and that variable is metric, the appropriate statistical analysis is:

A) multiple discriminant analysis
B) conjoint analysis
C) multivariate ANOVA
D) multiple regression
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35
In regression analysis, the symbol X is commonly used for the ______ variable, and the symbol Y is commonly used for the ______ variable.

A) dependent; moderating
B) independent; dependent
C) dependent; independent
D) independent; moderating
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36
Which of the following is a mathematical way in which a set of variables can be represented with one equation?

A) structuralism
B) variate
C) ANOVA
D) synergy
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37
Mulitvariate dependence techniques are variants of the _____, which is a way of modeling some process based on how different variables cause fluctuations from the average dependent variable.

A) ordinary linear model (OLM)
B) weighted average model (WAM)
C) general linear model (GLM)
D) metric scaling model (MSM)
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38
Which of the following is an appropriate technique when the inputs are metric?

A) cluster analysis
B) metric multidimensional scaling
C) factor analysis
D) all of these choices
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39
In factor analysis, communality is a measure of the percentage of a variable's variation that can be explained by the factors.
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40
The rule of parsimony basically means "less is better."
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41
Which of the following is computed by most regression programs and provide an indication of how much multicollinearity exists among a set of independent variables?

A) c2
B) b
C) collinear coefficient
D) variance inflation factor (VIF)
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42
The correlation between two variables after taking into account the fact that they are correlated with other variables too is called _____.

A) partial correlation
B) standardized correlation
C) raw correlation
D) variant correlation
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43
A researcher has 57 variables in a large dataset and wishes to summarize the information from them into a reduced set of variables. Which multivariate technique should be used?

A) factor analysis
B) multidimensional scaling
C) logit analysis
D) regression analysis
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44
A value of R2 = 0.40 means that _____ percent of the variance in the dependent variable is explained by the independent variables.

A) 80
B) 60
C) 40
D) 16
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45
Which of the following suggests problems with multicollinearity?

A) VIF > 5.0
B) b < 3.0
C) Power > 0.8
D) a > 0.8
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46
In the formula for the F-test in multiple regression, n - k - 1 represents the ____.

A) degrees of freedom of the numerator
B) number of observations
C) degrees of freedom of the denominator
D) number of independent variables
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47
A mathematical way of simplifying factor analysis results is _____.

A) factor loading
B) factor reduction
C) factor rotation
D) factor analysis
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48
If the analysis predicts several continuous dependent variables with several categorical independent variables, the appropriate statistical technique is _____.

A) multiple regression
B) multiple discriminant analysis
C) conjoint analysis
D) MANOVA
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49
If a researcher wants to know how strongly a measured variable is correlated with a factor, what should she look at?

A) factor b
B) discriminator
C) factor link
D) factor loading
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50
A variable that is coded as either zero or one and that has two distinct levels is called a(n) _____.

A) regression variable
B) dummy variable
C) MANOVA variable
D) ANOVA variable
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51
_____ is the extent to which independent variables in a multiple regression analysis are correlated with each other.

A) Convergence
B) Variance
C) Skedacity
D) Multicollinearity
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52
If the regression equation is: Y = 98.3 +.35X1 + 22.3X2, the predicted value for Y when X1 = 3 and X2 = 5 is _____.

A) 118.45
B) 210.85
C) 67.23
D) 98.3
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53
If a bank wants to differentiate between successful and unsuccessful credit risks for home mortgage loans, it should use _____.

A) factor analysis
B) multidimensional scaling
C) MANOVA
D) discriminant analysis
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54
Which of the following suggests that an explanation involving fewer components is better than one involving more?

A) rule of twos
B) rule of parsimony
C) data reduction rule
D) min-max rule
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55
A researcher is analyzing data and is concerned over how strongly interrelated the independent variables of attitude toward one's employer and attitude toward one's coworkers are in his model. The researcher is concerned about _____.

A) multicollinearity
B) MANOVA
C) degrees of freedom
D) convergence
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56
Which type of analysis attempts to predict a categorical dependent variable?

A) factor analysis
B) discriminant analysis
C) regression analysis
D) linear analysis
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57
In the following formula, k stands for: <strong>In the following formula, k stands for:  </strong> A) the number of observations B) the degrees of freedom of the denominator C) the number of independent variables D) the sample size

A) the number of observations
B) the degrees of freedom of the denominator
C) the number of independent variables
D) the sample size
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58
Which multivariate analysis statistically identifies a reduced number of factors from a larger number of measured variables?

A) factor analysis
B) regression
C) discriminant analysis
D) logit analysis
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59
How can a researcher create a composite scale with factor results?

A) The researcher can select the items with high R2 values and average them to form a composite scale.
B) The researcher can sum the variables with high loadings on a factor to create a summated scale.
C) The researcher can sum the variables with high VIF values on a factor to create a summated scale.
D) The research can sum the items with high commonality values on a factor to create a summated scale.
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60
In discriminant analysis, a linear combination of independent variables that explains group memberships is known as a(n) _____.

A) regression equation
B) discriminant function
C) discriminant factor
D) n-way ANOVA
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61
A multivariate interdependence technique that classifies individuals or objects into a small number of mutually exclusive and exhaustive groups is _____.
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62
The purpose of ______ analysis is to summarize information in a large number of variables into a smaller number of factors.
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63
Which of the following is a measure of the percentage of a variable's variance that is explained by the factors in factor analysis?

A) R2
B) variance inflation factor
C) partial correlation
D) communality
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64
If the researcher wants to classify objects into two mutually exclusive categories, the researcher should use ______ analysis.
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65
In cluster analysis, the researcher wants clusters to have high ______ within-clusters and high between-cluster ______.

A) independence; dependence
B) significance; insignificance
C) heterogeneity; homogeneity
D) homogeneity; heterogeneity
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66
______ predicts several dependent variables by using several independent variables.
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67
A statistical technique that measures objects in multidimensional space on the basis of respondents' judgments of the similarity of objects is _____.
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68
Statistical methods that permit the study of three or more variables at the same time are called ______ statistical analysis.
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69
Which mulitvariate technique groups observations based on similarity among measured variables?

A) regression
B) cluster analysis
C) conjoint analysis
D) MANOVA
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70
A mathematical way of simplifying factor results is _____.
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71
An indication of how strongly a measured variable is correlated with a factor is given by the _____.
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72
The test used to test statistical significance by comparing variation explained by the regression equation to the residual error variation is the _____.
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73
_____ in regression analysis refers to how strongly interrelated the independent variables in a model are.
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74
Which mulitvariate techniques measures objects in multidimensional space on the basis of respondents' judgments of the similarity of objects?

A) factor analysis
B) multidimensional scaling
C) structured dimensional modeling
D) relative positioning
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75
The two types of multivariate techniques are ______ methods and ______ methods.
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76
Multivariate dependence techniques are variants of the _____.
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77
Multivariate techniques that try to group things together are known as ______ methods.
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78
A ______ variable has two distinct levels that are coded as 0 and 1.
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79
General Mills would like to "see" a picture of how its brands are perceived by consumers compared to competitive brands. Which statistical technique can measure brands in multidimensional space on the basis of respondents' judgements of the similarity of the brands?

A) structural equations modeling
B) factor analysis
C) multidimensional scaling
D) partial positioning
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80
When an analysis studies the effect of several independent variables on a single dependent variable that is interval-scaled, this is called ______ analysis.
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