Deck 19: Editing and Coding: Transforming Raw Data Into Information

Question 1

A record is a collection of characters that represent a single type of data.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

An important part of the editing, coding,and filing stages of data analysis is checking for errors.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Coding is the process of assigning a numerical score or other character symbol to previously edited data.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Field editing is done on the same day as the interview to catch legibility of handwriting and clarify responses that are logically or conceptually inconsistent.

Question 5

A string is a collection of related fields in a data file.

Question 6

Abandoned item is the technical term for items left blank.

Question 7

Character labels are unique labels assigned to each possible numeric code for a response.

Question 8

In qualitative research, codes are usually words or phrases that represent themes..

Question 9

The idea that the coding categories used should allow for all possible responses to the question is another way of saying that the data should be mutually exclusive.

Question 10

Technology has reduced errors by checking for inconsistencies automatically.

Question 11

Raw data lends itself well to analysis.

Question 12

Data completeness refers to the notion that the data file actually contains the information that the researcher promised the decision maker.

Question 13

Mistakes that are made by the respondent in a phone survey are called nonrespondent errors.

Question 14

The editor can impute a missing value based on the average value of all other respondents answers to that question.

Question 15

One way to deal with missing values is to randomly select an answer.

Question 16

Data should never be reconstructed.

Question 17

The purpose of editing is to ensure that the data are complete, consistent, and readable.

Question 18

Dummy coding can be used for dichotomous responses like "yes "or "no."

Question 19

In-house editing rigorously investigates the results of data collection.

Question 20

With respect to deletions for missing data, listwise deletion means the data that the respondent did provide can still be used in statistical analyses.

Question 21

A data error that the respondent is not responsible for creating is called a(n) _____ error.

A) systematic
B) nonrespondent
C) random
D) raw data

Question 22

A researcher has decided to insert a response for items not answered by respondents. This answer the editor inserts is referred to as a(n) _____.

A) proxy value
B) simulated value
C) imputation
D) plug value

Question 23

Josh has conducted six in-depth interviews in one day and goes back to his hotel room and checks the data he collected to ensure they are complete and make sense. Josh is conducting _____.

A) in-house editing
B) coding
C) verification
D) field editing

Question 24

When a field interviewer records an impossible answer , this means that the data need to be _____.

A) edited
B) transformed using a plug value
C) coded
D) deleted

Question 25

The purpose of coding open-ended questions is to reduce the large number of individual responses to a few general categories of answers that can be assigned numerical codes.

Question 26

When Arbitron has its own staff verify the accuracy of radio-station call letters (e.g. KMOX) to ensure that they are possible radio call letters in the geographical area of the respondent, this is an example of _____.

A) external editing
B) in-house editing
C) in-house coding
D) external coding

Question 27

Which of the following need to be corrected as part of the editing process?

A) omissions
B) legibility
C) consistency
D) all of these choices

Question 28

Which of the following refers to the notion that the data file actually contains the information that the researcher is trying to obtain to adequately address research questions?

A) data reliability
B) data verification
C) data completeness
D) data integrity

Question 29

A data sheet documents the location of each variable in a data matrix.

Question 30

Test tabulation is the tallying of a small sample of the total number of replies to a particular question,

Question 31

Kelsea is an interviewer and incorrectly entered respondents' choices on ten surveys. This type of error is called _____.

A) nonrespondent error
B) respondent error
C) random error
D) editing error

Question 32

_____ editing rigorously investigates the results of data collection, usually in a centralized office.

A) In-house
B) Primary
C) Secondary
D) Higher-order

Question 33

Many researchers use a statistical process to provide an educated guess for missing responses in data based on the respondent's choices to other questions. Which method of dealing with missing data does this represent?

A) impute a missing value
B) plug in a neutral response
C) plug in alternative choices for missing data
D) randomly select an answer

Question 34

A method of handling missing data in which only the actual variables for a respondent that do not contain information are eliminated from use in statistical analyses is called _____.

A) listwise deletion
B) pairwise deletion
C) selective deletion
D) partial deletion

Question 35

All of the following are choices available when dealing with missing data EXCEPT _____.

A) leave the response blank
B) randomly select an answer
C) insert the mean value of a variable for the missing response
D) tabulate the data

Question 36

Preliminary editing by a field supervisor on the same day as the interview to catch technical omissions, check legibility of handwriting, and clarify responses that are logically or conceptually inconsistent is called _____.

A) field editing
B) primary editing
C) first-order editing
D) external editing

Question 37

When a survey is highly unstructured, it is possible to precode the response categories before the data are collected.

Question 38

_____ is the technical term for items left blank.

A) Imputation
B) Item plug
C) Item nonresponse
D) Item inconsistency

Question 39

The unedited responses from a respondent exactly as indicated by that respondent are referred to as _____.

A) codes
B) files
C) raw data
D) strings

Question 40

Devising a coding scheme ahead of time is important because the categories cannot be expanded or collapsed once data are collected.

Question 41

In creating coding categories for open-ended questions, the tallying of the replies to a small number of completed questionnaires for a question in order to create coding categories for that question is known as _____.

A) recoding the data
B) test tabulation
C) data entry
D) creating a plug value

Question 42

Which of the following is computer terminology to represent formatting a variable using a series of alphabetic characters (nonnumeric characters) that may form a word?

A) phonics
B) value labels
C) record
D) string characters

Question 43

A collection of characters that represents a single type of data, usually a variable, is called a _____.

A) field
B) data file
C) value label
D) string file

Question 44

A collection of related fields that represents the responses from one sampling unit is known as a _____.

A) file
B) record
C) code
D) label

Question 45

Which of the rules for coding has been violated by the following responses to a question about annual salary?

A) Coding categories should be exhaustive.
B) Coding categories should be mutually exclusive.
C) Coding categories should be test tabulated.
D) Coding categories should be alphabetic only.

Question 46

Assigning a "1" or "0" code where each number represents an alternate response such as "yes" or "no," is an example of _____.

A) editing
B) dummy coding
C) reverse coding
D) plugging

Question 47

Codes are rules for ______ data.

A) interpreting
B) classifying
C) recording
D) all of these choices

Question 48

The assignment of numbers to edited data is known as ____.

A) editing
B) adjusting with a plug value
C) coding
D) all of these choices

Question 49

Assigning males the value of zero and females the value of one in a database to record the gender of the respondents is an example of _____.

A) coding
B) test tabulation
C) editing
D) verification

Question 50

Valerie's job at a research firm is to transfer data from survey questionnaires to a computer file. Her job is _____.

A) data entry
B) data coding
C) data editing
D) data scanning

Question 51

A(n) _____ is a book that identifies each variable in a study and gives the variable's description, code name, and position in the data matrix.

A) data directory
B) data plan
C) record file
D) code book

Question 52

Which of the following is the activity of transferring data from a research project to computers?

A) data formatting
B) data entry
C) data scanning
D) data transformation

Question 53

In test tabulation, what is the typical percentage of responses from completed questionnaires that a researcher will use to create coding categories?

A) 10 percent
B) 20 percent
C) 30 percent
D) 50 percent

Question 54

Which of the following can be used if the researcher knows what answer categories exist before data collection occurs?

A) test tabulation
B) sheet coding
C) precoding
D) field editing

Question 55

A collection of related records is known as a _____.

A) data file
B) code
C) record
D) field

Question 56

The idea that the coding categories applied to a given question should allow all possible answers to the question to receive a code is another way of saying that the coding categories should be _____.

A) mutually exclusive
B) precoded
C) exhaustive
D) complete

Question 57

Which of the following means that coding categories have no overlap so that a subject or response can be placed in only one category?

A) exhaustive
B) mutually exclusive
C) unique
D) precoded

Question 58

Unique labels assigned to each possible numeric code for a response are called _____.

A) identifiers
B) value labels
C) data labels
D) characters

Question 59

A survey question asked respondent how much of the Super Bowl they watched by asking them to check one of the four following choices: "all of it," "most of it," "some of it," or "none of it." How many dummy variables would a researcher need to dummy code this question?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 60

A researcher has assigned "1" to represent freshman, "2" for sophomore, "3" for junior, "4" for senior, and "5" for graduate student. These labels (i.e., freshman, sophomore, etc.) assigned to the numeric code are called _____.

A) value labels
B) coding labels
C) cues
D) strings

Question 61

A coding scheme that has a code for all possible responses is said to be _____.

Question 62

When a research organization does the editing of its data using its own staff, this is known as ______ editing.

Question 63

_____ coding involves numeric 0 or 1 coding where each number represents an alternative response such as "female" or "male."

Question 64

A collection of related records that make up a data set is called a(n) _______ .

Question 65

Constructing coding categories by tallying a small number of responses to a particular question is known as ______.

Question 66

When a word or a short phrase can be associated with a numeric code, this code is called a(n) ________.

Question 67

The unedited information gathered from a respondent in the exact form as provided by that respondent is called _____ data.

Question 68

A collection of characters that usually represents a single type of data like a variable is called a(n) _____.

Question 69

The activity of transferring data from a research project to computers is called ______.

Question 70

Data _____ refers to the notion that the data file actually contains the information that the researcher promised the decision maker.

Question 71

When a field supervisor checks data at the end of each day that it is collected to catch technical omissions (e.g. missing responses to questions), this is an example of ______.

Question 72

A collection of related fields that represent the responses from one sampling unit is called a(n) _____.

Question 73

A question on a survey that has not been answered by the respondent is called a(n) ______.

Question 74

A method of handling missing data in which only the actual variables for a respondent that do not contain information are eliminated from use in statistical analyses is called _____ deletion.

Question 75

Assigning numbers to edited data is known as _____.

Question 76

When an editor replaces a missing answer to a question with a random response from among the fixed-alternative responses for that question or inserts a neutral response, the number inserted is called a(n) ______.

Question 77

The process of checking and adjusting data for omissions, legibility, and consistency is known as ______.

Question 78

Rules for interpreting, classifying, and recording data are known as _____.

Question 79

A(n) _____ documents the location of each variable in a data matrix.

Question 80

A data processing input device that reads material directly from mark-sensed questionnaires is called a(n) _____.

A) direct-entry mode
B) verified entry system
C) tabulation scanning system
D) optical scanning system