Deck 4: Roentgenometrics

Question 1

Divergence of the transverse condylar line and the transverse atlas line to the left on a frontal open-mouth cervical projection suggests __________.

A) right occiput laterality
B) left occiput laterality
C) left atlas laterality
D) right atlas laterality

Answer 1

left occiput laterality

Question 2

The atlantal dental interspace should not exceed _____ mm in adults and _____ mm in children.

A) 3, 5
B) 5, 3
C) 2, 4
D) 4, 2

Answer 2

3, 5

Question 3

In the lateral skull projection, at a 40-inch focal film distance, the greatest horizontal dimension and depth of the sella turcica, respectively, should not exceed ______________?

A) 16 mm, 12 mm
B) 12 mm, 16 mm
C) 8 mm, 6 mm
D) 6 mm, 8 mm

Answer 3

16 mm, 12 mm

Question 4

When constructing an ideal cervical gravity line, a vertical line drawn from the tip of the odontoid should intersect the body of which vertebra?

A) C7
B) C5
C) T1
D) T3

Question 5

Which method is best to assess for basilar impression?

A) Chamberlain's line
B) McGregor's line
C) McRae's line
D) Basilar angle

Question 6

On an AP film, if the width of a pedicle shadow appears narrower on the left, it suggests _______________________________.

A) segmental rotation with the spinous process deviated to the left
B) segmental rotation with the spinous process deviated to the right
C) segmental laterality with the open wedge on the left
D) segmental laterality with the open wedge on the right

Question 7

On the frontal open-mouth cervical projection, the lateral mass with the wider measure is the side with __________.

A) posterior rotation
B) ipsilateral laterality
C) contralateral laterality
D) anterior rotation

Question 8

The cervical film used in toggle analysis to determine atlas rotation is the __________ projection.

A) Base posterior
B) Nasium
C) Frontal open-mouth
D) Lateral

Question 9

Using toggle analysis, if the atlas plane line is 8 degrees above the listing line, __________ is suggested.

A) an inferior malposition of atlas
B) a superior malposition of atlas
C) a superior malposition of axis
D) an inferior malposition of axis

Question 10

A Barge's "e" space larger than 3 mm suggests which of the following?

A) Retrolisthesis of the segment below
B) Segmental rotation with the spinous process deviated to the left
C) Retrolisthesis of the segment above
D) Segmental rotation with the spinous process deviated to the right

Question 11

Endplate lines constructed on a lateral cervical projection that cross closely to the spine suggest _______________ of the _______________ segment.

A) flexion malposition, superior
B) extension malposition, inferior
C) flexion malposition, inferior
D) extension malposition, superior

Question 12

On a lateral spinal projection, what is the name of the curvilinear line that is drawn along the posterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies?

A) Van Akkerveeken's line
B) George's line
C) Ulmann's line
D) McGregor's line

Question 13

Spinal stenosis is most accurately assessed using which of the following imaging modalities?

A) MRI
B) Plain film radiography
C) Radionuclide bone scintigraphy
D) Ultrasound

Question 14

On the lateral cervical projection, what is the maximal normal distance between the anterior aspect of C2 and the pharyngeal air shadow?

A) 20
B) 9
C) 5
D) 14

Question 15

Radiographs of a 6-year-old child with neck pain and no history of trauma show a mild degree of overhanging of the lateral margins of the atlas in relation to the axis. This most likely represents __________.

A) carotid aneurysm
B) a normal variant
C) spondylolisthesis of C2
D) weakness of the transverse atlantal ligament

Question 16

On the lateral cervical projection, what is the line drawn from the posterior aspect of the hard palate to the posterior aspect of the foramen magnum called?

A) McRae's line
B) McGregor's line
C) Digastric line
D) Chamberlain's line

Question 17

Divergence of the foramen magnum line and the atlas plane line anteriorly on a lateral cervical projection suggests which of the following?

A) Posterior-superior malposition of the occiput
B) Anterior-superior malposition of the atlas
C) Posterior-superior malposition of the atlas
D) Anterior-superior malposition of the occiput

Question 18

What is the preferred method of quantifying the degree of scoliosis?

A) The Cobb method
B) The Eisenstein method
C) The Risser-Ferguson method
D) The Meyerding method

Question 19

Which of the following lines is not constructed with toggle analysis of the nasium projection?

A) Vertical median line
B) Ocular orbit line
C) Perpendicular skull line
D) Superior basic line

Question 20

Which of the following is the most accurate method to determine cervical lordosis?

A) Depth method
B) Angle method from C1 to C7
C) Visual assessment
D) Cervical gravity line

Question 21

On the AP pelvic projection, the width of the pubic symphysis should not exceed _____ mm in females and _____ mm in males.

A) 1, 2
B) 6, 7
C) 5, 3
D) 10, 8

Question 22

A Boehler's angle of less than _____ degrees is abnormal.

A) 5
B) 28
C) 53
D) 138

Question 23

Which of the following methods is used to assess the extent of a spondylolisthesis?

A) Risser-Ferguson
B) Ratio
C) Depth
D) Meyerding grading

Question 24

The lines drawn to approximate the long axes of the lunate and capitate to assess for capitolunate sign are made on which of the following projections?

A) Posterior-anterior wrist
B) Oblique wrist
C) Lateral wrist
D) Ulnar flexion wrist

Question 25

Kohler's line indicates which of the following?

A) Down syndrome
B) Femoral neck fracture
C) Protrusio acetabuli
D) Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

Question 26

Which of the following is likely if the lines constructed to make the lateral patellofemoral angle are parallel or open medially?

A) Rheumatoid arthritis
B) Chondromalacia patella
C) Recurrent patellar subluxation
D) Hyperparathyroidism

Question 27

Van Akkerveeken's lines that differ by more than 3 mm suggest __________.

A) ligamentous injury
B) Paget's disease
C) facet arthrosis
D) spinal stenosis

Question 28

Which of the following measures falls into the average range of values for the lumbar lordosis when measured between the endplate lines of L1 and the sacrum?

A) 55°
B) 35°
C) 15°
D) 5°

Question 29

Increased heel pad thickness is associated with __________.

A) rheumatoid arthritis
B) acromegaly
C) Down syndrome
D) Turner syndrome

Question 30

Some literature correlates the presence of a short ulna (relative to the radius) to the occurrence of __________.

A) avascular necrosis of the lunate
B) Turner syndrome
C) greater carpal stress distribution to the ulna
D) fracture of the scaphoid

Question 31

An alteration in Hadley's S curve may indicate __________.

A) disc herniation
B) facet arthrosis
C) achondroplasia
D) tumor

Question 32

On the lateral chest radiograph the distance between the posterior surface of the sternum and the anterior margin of T8 should be at least _____ cm in females and _____ cm in males.

A) 11, 9
B) 9, 11
C) 5, 7
D) 7, 5

Question 33

A widened teardrop distance is associated with __________.

A) slipped capital femoral epiphysis
B) coxa vara
C) coxa valga
D) hip joint effusion

Question 34

The lumbar intervertebral disc that demonstrates the lowest average angle is _______.

A) L1
B) L2
C) L4
D) L5

Question 35

A narrowed glenohumeral joint space is often secondary to __________.

A) joint effusion
B) acromegaly
C) degeneration
D) posterior humeral dislocation

Question 36

A positive metacarpal sign may indicate __________.

A) Kienböck disease
B) rheumatoid arthritis
C) acromegaly
D) Turner syndrome

Question 37

What is the term for a femoral neck angle of less than 110 degrees?

A) Coxa valga
B) Protrusio acetabuli
C) Coxa vara
D) Waldenström sign

Question 38

The Eisenstein method is used to evaluate for __________.

A) spondylolisthesis
B) ligamentous injury
C) spinal stenosis
D) disc herniation

Question 39

The inferior angle of intersection between the sacral base line and a vertical line drawn parallel to the vertical edge of the film describes __________ angle.

A) Ferguson's
B) a basilar
C) Boehler's
D) Barge's

Question 40

The lumbar gravity line normally passes through which of the following?

A) Middle third of the sacral base
B) Posterior third of the sacral base
C) Anterior third of the sacral base
D) Soft tissue anterior to the sacral base