Deck 24: Pulmonary Infections

Question 1

An intrapleural infection positive for staphylococcus best defines __________.

A) air-space pneumonia
B) empyema
C) chylothorax
D) pleurisy

Answer 1

empyema

Question 2

Which radiographic pattern of lung disease has a patchy, ill-defined, cloudy, typically unilateral, radiodense appearance?

A) Interstitial
B) Solitary pulmonary nodule
C) Air-space (alveolar)
D) Cavity/cyst

Answer 2

Air-space (alveolar)

Question 3

Which the following is regarded as the most common cause of nonbacterial pneumonia?

A) Influenza
B) Varicella-zoster
C) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
D) Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 3

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 4

Reticulonodular radiographic pattern typically caused by viral or mycoplasma infection is characteristic of __________ pneumonia.

A) lobar
B) lobular
C) interstitial
D) aspiration

Question 5

A lung __________ is a localized suppurative process marked by tissue necrosis.

A) abscess
B) aspiration
C) empyema
D) cavitation

Question 6

Which of the following is a typical cause of pulmonary cavities, not cysts?

A) Emphysema
B) Rheumatoid arthritis
C) Systemic lupus erythematosus
D) Bacterial infections

Question 7

Which of the following infectious organisms is associated with consolidation with cavitation or pneumatoceles?

A) Aspergillus fumigates
B) Staphylococcus aureus
C) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
D) Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 8

Bilateral, poorly defined consolidation in the gravity-dependent portions of the lung best describes __________ pneumonia.

A) lobular
B) lobar
C) interstitial
D) aspiration

Question 9

Air-space consolidation within which lobe may obscure the border of the left ventricle on the PA chest radiographic examination?

A) Right middle
B) Lingula
C) Left upper
D) Left lower

Question 10

Which of the following diagnostic studies would be most helpful in determining the causative agent of an empyema?

A) CBC
B) Computed tomography
C) Thoracentesis
D) Sputum culture

Question 11

Which in the following infectious organisms presents as a mycetoma, representing a mass in a preexisting pulmonary cavity?

A) Echinococcus granulosus
B) Aspergillus fumigates
C) Cryptococcus neoformans
D) Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 12

After what amount of time should persistence of pneumonia, with appropriate conservative measures, suggest misdiagnosis or the presence of an underlying condition?

A) 4 days
B) 2 weeks
C) 4 weeks
D) 2 months

Question 13

Radiographic examination of a patient with fever and productive cough reveals an area of consolidation with expansion of a lobe. Infection with which organisms is most likely?

A) Streptococcus pneumoniae
B) Streptococcus pyogenes
C) Klebsiella pneumoniae
D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 14

Which presentation of tuberculosis infections typically involves the apices of the lung with strand-like radiodense shadows and multiple cavities?

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Both primary and secondary
D) Neither primary nor secondary

Question 15

Which of the following is the most common bacterial community-acquired agent in patients with pneumonia?

A) Staphylococcus aureus
B) Streptococcus calcaneus
C) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
D) Streptococcus pneumonia

Question 16

Which of the following is the most common area of the lungs to be involved with aspiration pneumonia in a supine patient?

A) Posterior segments of the upper lobes
B) Superior segments of lower lobes
C) Apical segments of the upper lobes
D) Anterior segments of the lower lobes

Question 17

Which of the following infectious organisms exhibits both viral and bacterial characteristics with interstitial lung disease observed on early chest radiographs?

A) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
B) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
C) Bacillus anthracis
D) Influenza

Question 18

Which of the following is the most common pattern of pneumonia on chest radiography?

A) Lobular
B) Lobar
C) Interstitial
D) Aspiration

Question 19

Infection with which of the following organisms is not known to develop miliary nodules?

A) Staphylococcus aureus
B) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
C) Histoplasmosis capsulatum
D) Varicella-zoster

Question 20

Which of the following organisms can produce asymptomatic infection, with chronic changes of calcified hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes?

A) Actinomyces isrealii
B) Histoplasma capsulatum
C) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
D) Staphylococcus aureus

Question 21

Miliary distribution of scattered radiopacities within the lung is seen with hematogenous spread of tuberculosis, as well as infection with __________.

A) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
B) Legionella pneumophila
C) Varicella-zoster
D) Bordetella pertussis

Question 22

Scarring in the lung apices is most commonly seen with which of the following diseases?

A) Primary tuberculosis
B) Postprimary tuberculosis
C) Cryptococcus neoformans
D) Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 23

Which of the following infectious organisms would be the most likely underlying cause for bilateral perihilar, ground glass radiographic densities within the lungs of a feverish patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

A) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
B) Pneumocystis carinii
C) Cryptococcus neoformans
D) Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 24

Miliary nodules widely scattered throughout the lungs are the result of which of the following routes of spread of tuberculosis?

A) Bronchogenic
B) Hematogenous
C) Aspiration
D) Inhalation

Question 25

Perihilar lymph node calcification and peripheral parenchymal granuloma, residual of primary tuberculosis, represent the __________.

A) target calcification sign
B) Ranke complex
C) Ghon focus
D) gumma

Question 26

Pneumonia, radiographically presenting as extensive, bilateral, ill-defined opacities in the lower lobes with pleural effusion, in a HIV patient on a ventilator is likely resultant from which of the following infectious organisms?

A) Haemophilus influenzae
B) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
C) Actinomyces israelii
D) Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 27

Chronic involvement of the mediastinum with Histoplasma capsulatum infection may lead to __________.

A) calcified hilar lymphadenopathy
B) parenchymal granulomata
C) fibrosing mediastinitis
D) bronchogenic carcinoma

Question 28

Which of the following types of pneumonia results from inflammatory exudate in the periphery of the lung spreading circumferentially through pores of Kohn and canals of Lambert to eventually involve an entire lobe resulting in a homogenously radiodense regional lung?

A) Lobar
B) Lobular
C) Interstitial
D) Aspiration

Question 29

Aspiration pneumonia most commonly involves the __________ in a supine patient.

A) posterior segment of the upper lobes
B) superior segment of the lower lobes
C) superior segment of the upper lobes
D) posterior segment of the lower lobes

Question 30

Which of the following is the most likely radiographic presentation of primary tuberculosis?

A) Lymphadenopathy with parenchymal consolidation
B) Lymphadenopathy with interstitial disease
C) Lung mass with cavitation
D) Pulmonary effusion with apical fibrosis

Question 31

Mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy in a patient with arthralgias who recently returned from extensive hiking in the Southwest United States raises the question of infection by which of the following organisms?

A) Pneumocystis carinii
B) Echinococcus granulosis
C) Cryptococcus neoformans
D) Coccidioides immitis

Question 32

Which of the following infections results from inhalation of contaminated dust, with the most common radiographic appearance as a single well-defined nodule or mass?

A) Echinococcus granulosis
B) Cryptococcus neoformans
C) Coccidioides immitis
D) Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 33

Reinfection tuberculosis produces a progressive infection with predilection for involvement of the __________.

A) apical segments of the upper lobes
B) lateral segments of lower lobes
C) right middle lobe and lingula
D) basilar segments of the lower lobes

Question 34

Which of the following infectious organisms would likely account for patchy peripheral densities with rapid progression to involve the entire lobe, as well as pleural effusion within an industrial worker specializing in humidifier maintenance?

A) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
B) Klebsiella pneumoniae
C) Legionella pneumophila
D) Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 35

Pneumonia related to infection with which of the following organisms would be most likely to demonstrate air bronchograms on chest radiographs?

A) Streptococcus pneumoniae
B) Mycobacterium pneumoniae
C) Histoplasma capsulatum
D) Bacillus anthracis

Question 36

Which of the following is associated with chronic granulomatous disease characterized by caseating granulomas or pneumonia?

A) Varicella-zoster
B) Histoplasma capsulatum
C) Pulmonary tuberculosis
D) Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 37

A calcified region of parenchymal involvement with tuberculosis is known as a __________.

A) broncholith
B) Ranke complex
C) Ghon focus
D) hamartoma

Question 38

Which of the following infectious diseases is most life-threatening?

A) Lung abscess
B) Empyema
C) Pneumonia
D) Calcified hilar lymphadenopathy

Question 39

An alcoholic patient presents with cough, fever and abundant amounts of foul smelling, purulent sputum. Which of the following is most likely represented on a PA chest radiographic examination showing an air-fluid level within the right upper lung?

A) Bronchogenic carcinoma
B) Cavitated lung abscess
C) Mycetoma
D) Cavitated Ghon tubercle

Question 40

Primary tuberculosis is a disease classically affecting which of the following age groups?

A) Infants
B) Children
C) Young adults
D) Seniors