Question 1

During ventricular flutter, there is no cardiac output or blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

Ventricular flutter is a rapid and ineffective heart rhythm that prevents the heart from pumping blood, resulting in no cardiac output or blood pressure.

Question 2

Clinically, a patient's left ventricular afterload increases in response to an excessive blood volume.

Accepted Answer

An excessive blood volume can lead to increased left ventricular preload, which in turn increases the afterload. This is typically seen in conditions such as hypertension, aortic stenosis, and other vasculopathies.

Question 3

Cardiac output and blood pressure begin to decline when the heart rate increases beyond 125 to 125 beats per minute.

Accepted Answer

Cardiac output may decline at very high heart rates due to reduced filling time, but this threshold varies among individuals and is not specifically set at 125 beats per minute.

Question 4

The hemodynamic indices in patients with pulmonary edema commonly show an increased PCWP

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary edema is characterized by fluid accumulation in the lungs, which can lead to increased pressure in the pulmonary vasculature. This often results in an increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), which is a measure of left atrial pressure and an indirect measure of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Other hemodynamic indices that may be affected in pulmonary edema include increased pulmonary artery pressure and decreased cardiac output.

Question 5

The general hemodynamic status of the patient can be monitored noninvasively at the patient's bedside by assessing pulse.

Accepted Answer

Yes, the general hemodynamic status of the patient can be monitored noninvasively at the patient's bedside by assessing pulse. The pulse may indicate the patient's heart rate, rhythm, and volume of blood being pumped by the heart, which provides insight into the patient's overall cardiovascular status.

Question 6

The normal range of the mean pulmonary artery pressure is 5 to 10 mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

The normal range of mean pulmonary artery pressure is 9 to 18 mm Hg.

Question 7

The normal range for the PCWP is 20 to 25 mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

The normal range for the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) is typically 4 to 12 mm Hg, not 20 to 25 mm Hg.

Question 8

The hemodynamic indices in patients with COPD commonly show an increased CVP.

Accepted Answer

COPD is associated with chronic hypoxemia, which can lead to pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular dysfunction. This can result in elevated central venous pressure (CVP), as the right ventricle struggles to effectively pump blood out of the pulmonary circulation. Therefore, an increased CVP is commonly observed in patients with COPD.

Question 9

The hemodynamic indices in the patients with COPD commonly show a decreased PCWP.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The hemodynamic indices in the patients with...

Question 10

An increased CVP reading is commonly seen in the patient who has a severe pneumothorax.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An increased CVP reading is commonly seen...

Deck 6: Cardiovascular System Assessments