Deck 40: Croup Syndrome: Laryngotracheobronchitis and Acute Epiglottitis

Question 1

Hoarseness is associated with epiglottitis.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Children with epiglottitis often have difficulty in swallowing and handling secretions.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) is most commonly caused by a viral infection. The most frequently seen etiologic agent(s) is/are the Parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, 3.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

LTB is most common during the spring and summer months.

Question 5

The onset of acute epiglottitis is considered abrupt. It typically develops over a period of 2 to 4 hours.

Question 6

Acute epiglottitis most often occurs in children between 4 and 8 years of age.

Question 7

In LTB the child's inspiratory stridor is typically loud and high in pitch.

Question 8

Acute LTB is almost always caused by Haemophilus influenzae B.

Question 9

The white blood count is elevated in patients with LTB.

Question 10

A fever is associated with patients who have LTB.

Question 11

MATCHING
Match the arterial blood gas changes that develop in mild to moderate LTB or epiglottitis to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
PaCO₂

A)Increases
B)Decreases
C)Normal

Question 12

LTB is primarily seen in children between 6 months and 6 years of age.

Question 13

MATCHING
Match the arterial blood gas changes that develop in mild to moderate LTB or epiglottitis to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
HCO₃^-

A)Increases
B)Decreases
C)Normal

Question 14

Which of the following is commonly seen on the lateral neck X-ray of the patient with epiglottitis?

A) III and V only
B) II and IV only
C) I, II, and IV only
D) II, III, and V only

Question 15

Compared with LTB, the inspiratory stridor heard in acute epiglottitis is usually softer and lower in pitch.

Question 16

The onset of LTB is considered slow. It typically develops over a period of 2 to 4 days.

Question 17

The white blood cell count is elevated in patients with epiglottitis.

Question 18

Aerosolized racemic epinephrine is usually administered to children with which of the following conditions?

A) LTB
B) Epiglottitis
C) Both LTB and epiglottitis

Question 19

MATCHING
Match the arterial blood gas changes that develop in mild to moderate LTB or epiglottitis to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
pH

A)Increases
B)Decreases
C)Normal

Question 20

Epiglottitis is seen more often in boys than girls.

Question 21

Match the arterial blood gas changes that develop in the severe LTB or epiglottitis to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
PaCO₂

A)Increases
B)Decreases
C)Normal

Question 22

Match the arterial blood gas changes that develop in the severe LTB or epiglottitis to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
pH

A)Increases
B)Decreases
C)Normal

Question 23

In patients with LTB or epiglottitis, match what develops in the oxygen indices to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
C(a-v)

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or increased

Question 24

In patients with LTB or epiglottitis, match what develops in the oxygen indices to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
DO₂

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or increased

Question 25

In patients with LTB or epiglottitis, match what develops in the oxygen indices to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
_S/ _T

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or increased

Question 26

In patients with LTB or epiglottitis, match what develops in the oxygen indices to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
O₂ER

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or increased

Question 27

In patients with LTB or epiglottitis, match what develops in the oxygen indices to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
O₂

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or increased

Question 28

In patients with LTB or epiglottitis, match what develops in the oxygen indices to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
SvO₂

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or increased

Question 29

Match the arterial blood gas changes that develop in the severe LTB or epiglottitis to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
HCO₃^-

A)Increases
B)Decreases
C)Normal