Deck 34: Digestive Systems and Nutrition

Question 1

Food is prevented from entering the trachea by the

A) pharynx.
B) larynx.
C) epiglottis.
D) glottis.
E) sphincter muscle.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

An example of an animal with an incomplete gut is a

A) squid.
B) earthworm.
C) planarian.
D) human.
E) grasshopper.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

All of the following statements are true about squids EXCEPT

A) squids are continuous feeders.
B) the squid's tentacles seize its prey.
C) the mouth has jaws that bite off pieces of prey with the help of a toothy radula.
D) digestion occurs in the stomach and a cecum.
E) squids are molluscs.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is the best example of a healthy and balanced meal?

A) A turkey sandwich on whole grain bread, apple and 6 oz. of skim milk.
B) Bacon, 2 eggs over easy and white toast.
C) 16 oz. sirloin steak, mash potatoes and gravy and corn on the cob with butter.
D) A bowl of chili, topped with cheese and crackers.
E) All of these meals are equally balanced and healthy.

Question 5

A ruminant is

A) a carnivore with no extra digestive specializations.
B) a carnivore with extra stomach separations.
C) an omnivore with extra stomach separations.
D) a herbivore with no extra digestive specializations.
E) a herbivore with extra stomach separations.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the tongue is true?

A) The tongue mixes food with saliva and assists in swallowing.
B) The tongue can detect taste, touch, and pressure.
C) The tongue consists of striated muscle under voluntary control.
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 7

All of the following statements are true about the clam's digestion EXCEPT

A) the clam is a filter feeder.
B) the clam has a single opening for the entry of food and the exit of digestive wastes.
C) the clam is a continuous feeder.
D) small food particles are collected on the gills and moved by cilia to the mouth.

Question 8

Chyme is produced in the

A) small intestine.
B) stomach.
C) esophagus.
D) large intestine.

Question 9

Which represents the proper sequence of human teeth from the front to the back of the mouth?

A) 2 incisors, 1 canine, 3 premolars, 3 molars
B) 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars
C) 3 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 2 molars
D) 2 incisors, 2 canines, 2 premolars, 3 molars
E) 2 incisors, 1 canine, 3 premolars, 2 molars

Question 10

Because of the tooth structure and diet, which of the following would be classified as a carnivore?

A) human
B) rat
C) dolphin
D) raccoon
E) brown bear

Question 11

The tubular structure that moves food by peristalsis from the mouth to the stomach is the

A) epiglottis.
B) trachea.
C) tongue.
D) esophagus.
E) glottis.

Question 12

________ is contained in pancreatic juice to neutralize the acidity of chyme from the stomach.

A) Sodium bicarbonate
B) Trypsin
C) Pancreatic amylase
D) Bile

Question 13

Which mineral is especially important for women to incorporate into their diet if they are menstruating?

A) aluminum
B) iron
C) magnesium
D) sodium

Question 14

The dentition of omnivores is specialized for ______ in their diets.

A) meat only
B) plants only
C) bacteria only
D) both plants and meat

Question 15

The function of canine teeth in humans is

A) crushing.
B) grinding.
C) shearing.
D) biting.
E) tearing.

Question 16

Which is NOT true of human salivary glands?

A) They produce an enzyme to begin the digestion of starch.
B) They can become inflamed and cause tonsillitis.
C) There are three pairs that open by ducts into the mouth.
D) The production of saliva aids in the mechanical digestion process.

Question 17

In the first step of starch digestion, starch is converted to _______, which is then digested to ________ by the enzyme maltase.

A) glucose; maltose
B) amino acids; proteins
C) maltose; glucose
D) fat; glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the colon is NOT true?

A) The colon is active in water absorption, removing about 95% of the water that enters it and returning it to the bloodstream.
B) Insufficient absorption of water can result in diarrhea that may be life-threatening.
C) Feces consists of about 25% water and 75% solids that are mainly bacteria from the intestinal tract.
D) The last section of the colon is the rectum, which terminates in the anus.
E) Cells in the walls of the large intestine absorb vitamin K that is produced by bacteria resident in the colon.

Question 19

Which of the following human digestive enzymes is NOT correctly matched to its substrate?

A) pepsin - protein
B) trypsin - nucleic acid
C) salivary amylase - starch
D) lipase - fat
E) maltase - maltose

Question 20

If an individual was interested in eating a healthy breakfast that would provide them with energy for the entire day the breakfast should include which of the following foods?

A) Whole grain cereal with 4 ounces of milk.
B) Two pieces of whole grain toast made with refined wheat flour.
C) Two slices of bacon and one scrambled egg.
D) Scrambled eggs and refried beans.
E) All of the choices would provide energy for the entire day.

Question 21

In the body, glucose is stored in the liver as

A) starch.
B) protein.
C) glycogen.
D) fat.
E) amino acids.

Question 22

The hepatic portal vein brings blood to the liver from the _______ and as the blood passes through the liver it is __________.

A) the lungs; deoxygenated
B) the mouth; acidified
C) the pancreas; oxygenated
D) the small intestine; detoxified

Question 23

Microvilli serve to

A) absorb nutrients.
B) secrete bile.
C) produce antibodies.
D) synthesize vitamins.

Question 24

The function of the human stomach is

A) to produce highly basic fluids to kill most bacteria.
B) to begin the absorption of most small food molecules, especially sugars and alcohol.
C) storage of food and mixing with digestive fluids to continue chemical digestion.
D) promotion of bacterial fermentation.
E) absorption of iron to build hemoglobin for red blood cells.

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a function of bile salts?

A) act as emulsifiers
B) needed for fat digestion
C) aid the enzyme lipase in the digestion of fat molecules
D)
D) production of vitamin D

Question 26

The finger-like projections along the surface of the small intestines are called

A) mucosa.
B) lacteals.
C) capillaries.
D) microvilli.
E) appendices.

Question 27

_____ acts on proteins to produce peptides which are later broken down into _____ in the small intestine.

A) Salivary amylase; amino acids
B) Maltase; glucose
C) Pepsin; amino acids
D) Pepsin; fatty acids

Question 28

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth and continues on into the small intestines. Explain the steps of carbohydrate digestion, including in your discussion why salivary amylase is nonfunctional in the stomach?

Question 29

The small intestines receive

A) bile from the liver and gall bladder.
B) pancreatic juices from the pancreas.
C) chyme from the stomach.
D) All of these are correct.
E) None of these are correct.

Question 30

Identify which of the following groups is composed of minerals.

A) iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc
B) iron, magnesium, riboflavin and calcium
C) zinc, glucose, iron and magnesium
D) zinc, iron, calcium and NAD⁺
E) calcium, magnesium, niacin and iron

Question 31

The digestive juices found in the stomach include

A) insulin and bile.
B) pepsin and hydrochloric acid.
C) sodium bicarbonate and hydrochloric acid.
D) pancreatic and salivary amylase.
E) trypsin and maltase.

Question 32

When the liver malfunctions and there is an abnormally large amount of bilirubin in the blood it can cause

A) cirrhosis of the liver.
B) kidney stones.
C) gallstones.
D) the rolling stones.
E) jaundice.

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of digestion?

A) pancreas
B) salivary glands
C) appendix
D) gall bladder

Question 34

Which of the following is considered an accessory gland in the digestive system?

A) pharynx
B) esophagus
C) stomach
D) cecum
E) pancreas

Question 35

Identify the correct sequence of events for the digestion of starch?
A) Salivary amylase is produced by the salivary glands
B) Starch digestion begins in the mouth
C) Starch digestion begins in the stomach
D) Starch is converted into maltose
E) Starch is converted into glycogen
F) Maltose is digested into glucose in the small intestine
G) Glucose is absorbed in the small intestine
H) Glucose is absorbed in the large intestine

A) a - b - d - f - g
B) a - c - d - f - h
C) a - b - e - f - g
D) b - c - a - g - h
E) a - b - e - f - g

Question 36

If a person has a diet high in saturated fats, _____ molecules can carry cholesterol from the liver to cells and to the arterial walls, whereas _____ transports cholesterol from the cells to the liver, where it is converted to bile salts which can lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

A) LDL; HDL
B) HDL; trans-fats
C) LDL; insulin
D) HDL; LDL

Question 37

Which animals would be classified as continuous feeders?

A) clams, baleen whales, and oysters
B) clams, crickets, and dolphins
C) worms, clams, and crayfish
D) oysters, hummingbirds and planarian
E) None of these groups are all continuous feeders.

Question 38

In humans, digestion of starches begins in the

A) mouth.
B) esophagus.
C) stomach.
D) duodenum.
E) large intestine.

Question 39

The liver functions in digestion by

A) converting hemoglobin to bilirubin and biliverdin.
B) destroying old red blood cells.
C) producing blood proteins.
D) producing urea.
E) producing bile.

Question 40

Protein digestion occurs in the

A) mouth, stomach, and small intestine.
B) stomach and small intestine.
C) stomach, esophagus, and small intestine.
D) mouth and large intestine.
E) small intestine, large intestine, and mouth.

Question 41

A diet high in omega-3 fatty acids obtained from various types of fish is recommended to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Question 42

Diabetes mellitus, which is indicated by high levels of blood glucose that have spilled over into the urine, is decreasing among the citizens of the United States.

Question 43

List, in order, the organs that food will go through as it starts in the mouth and comes out the anus.

Question 44

Briefly describe the differences in the digestive tracts of animals with an incomplete and a complete gut.

Question 45

What possible dietary complications could a person develop if they had their pancreas removed?

A) They would not produce the pancreatic enzyme trypsin. This would prevent them from breaking down proteins into amino acids which could lead to complications in repairing muscle tissue.
B) They would not produce the enzyme pancreatic amylase. This would prevent them from breaking down proteins into amino acids which could lead to complications in repairing muscle tissue.
C) They would not produce the pancreatic enzyme trypsin. This would prevent them from breaking down carbohydrates into glucose which could lead to a decrease in the availability of energy in their body.
D) There would be an overproduction of the enzyme trypsin. This would cause an increased rate of protein digestion that could result in the muscle cells being destroyed by the individuals own body.

Question 46

The structural features of the small intestine that enable the absorption of nutrients are the

A) microvilli.
B) appendix.
C) rugae.
D) capillary beds.

Question 47

Food mixes with gastric juices in the stomach to form a thick creamy mass called chyme.

Question 48

Which list of features is associated with the small intestine?

A) duodenum, bile and villi
B) duodenum, chyme and villi
C) cecum, bile and lacteals
D) lacteals, appendix and villi

Question 49

A diet that is lacking in certain minerals such as iron can lead to osteoporosis.

Question 50

Which digestive enzyme is produced in the pancreas and is responsible for the breakdown of protein into peptides?

A) trypsin
B) maltase
C) peptidase
D) pancreatic amylase

Question 51

Which of the following statements concerning dietary protein is true?

A) Protein should supply the bulk of our dietary calories.
B) It is not possible for vegetarians to have a balanced diet with adequate protein intake.
C) The average American eats about half the recommended protein.
D) Dietary protein is digested to nucleic acids, which are used to make DNA.
E) Growth in children may be delayed or stunted if essential amino acids are not present in their diets.

Question 52

What are the potential consequences if a person has their gallbladder removed?

A) Their body will not be able to store the excess bile produced by the liver. This means that they will have a decreased ability to emulsify the fats found within the small intestine.
B) Their body will not be able to store the excess bile produced by the liver. This means that they will have a decreased ability to emulsify the fats found within the stomach.
C) The liver will stop producing bile because it won't have any place to store it. This means that they will have a decreased ability to emulsify the fats found within the small intestine.
D) The liver will stop producing bile because it won't have any place to store it. This means that they will have a decreased ability to digest the proteins found within the small intestine.

Question 53

An unhealthy diet can lead to obesity in individuals which can result in cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes.

Question 54

Which features are found in organisms that have an incomplete digestive tract?

A) pharynx, digestive enzymes and diffusion of nutrients
B) crop, digestive enzymes and diffusion of nutrients
C) digestive enzymes, esophagus and diffusion of nutrients
D) gizzard, salivary amylase and a pharynx

Question 55

Which foods contain the eight essential amino acids?

A) chicken, beef and cheese
B) potatoes, beans and fish
C) fish, cheese and fruits
D) butter, beef and chicken
E) pork, fish and corn