Deck 21: Protist Evolution and Diversity

Question 1

Which of the following alga is mismatched with its description?

A) Chlamydomonas-unicellular
B) Volvox-filamentous
C) Ulva-multicellular
D) Chara-multicellular

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The most widely accepted formal classification of protists assigns them to

A) the kingdom Protista.
B) six different supergroups.
C) Domain Archaea.
D) Domain Eubacteria

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The members of the Supergroup Archaeplastida that have cell walls impregnated with calcium carbonate and help build coral reefs are the _________.

A) diatoms
B) dinoflagellates
C) multicellular green algae
D) brown algae
E) red algae

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which disease is mismatched with the incorrect causative agent?

A) fish kills - dinoflagellate
B) fish ick - a ciliate
C) malaria - an amebozoan
D) African sleeping sickness - a trypanosome

Question 5

Which protistan structure is not correctly matched with its function?

A) pseudopodia - movement and feeding
B) cyst - a reproductive structure
C) trichocyst - defense and capture of prey
D) pyrenoid - synthesis of starch

Question 6

"Red tides" are produced by massive blooms of

A) Archaeplastids.
B) Chromalveolates.
C) Excavates.
D) Amoebozoans.
E) Rhizarians.

Question 7

Identify the Supergroup the organism in the picture below belongs in and describe the process that is occurring.

Question 8

The various forms of algae (Archaeplastids) are NOT considered plants because they

A) are not multicellular.
B) lack strengthened cell walls.
C) never have specialized tissues.
D) lack plant structures such as true roots, stems, and leaves.
E) All of the choices are differences that separate the algae from plants.

Question 9

Which feature has to be present in a protist in order to classify it as a photoautotroph?

A) The presence of mitochondria within the cell.
B) The ability to synthesize organic compounds.
C) The presence of a light trapping pigment.
D) The presence of cellulose in the cell wall.
E) The ability to synthesize inorganic compounds.

Question 10

The deposits of chalky fossils that built the White Cliffs of Dover were formed by

A) Amoebozoans.
B) Rhizarians.
C) Excavates.
D) Opisthokonts.
E) Chromalveolates.

Question 11

Which of the characteristic(s) apply to the Supergroup Archaeplastida?

A) They contain plastids that originated from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria.
B) They include multicellular and unicellular organisms.
C) They include land plants and the green algae, Chlorophyta.
D) All of these apply.
E) They include only multicellular organisms that contain plastids.

Question 12

Protist reproduction

A) is always asexual fission.
B) is always sexual with the adult haploid.
C) is always sexual with the adult diploid.
D) is always sexual with alternation of haploid and diploid generations.
E) may be asexual or any of these sexual cycles.

Question 13

This name of the filamentous algae pictured here, belongs in the supergroup Archaeplastida, is _______.

A) Ulva
B) Plasmodium
C) Chlamydomonas
D) Spirogyra
E) Volvox

Question 14

Supergroup Opisthokinta includes all of the following organisms EXCEPT

A) animals.
B) plants.
C) fungi.
D) choanoflagellates.

Question 15

DNA sequencing suggests that among the green algae, the __________ are most closely related to land plants.

A) Volvox
B) Spirogyra
C) Chara
D) Ulva
E) Chlamydomonas

Question 16

Which organelles serve as the energy centers for most Protists?

A) mitochondria and plastids
B) chloroplasts and Golgi Bodies
C) mitochondria and Endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria and nucleus

Question 17

Which protist is NOT correctly linked to the type of movement it shows?

A) amoeboids-pseudopodia
B) ciliates--cilia
C) zooflagellates-flagella
D) sporozoan-flexing the pellicle

Question 18

_________ is a mixotrophic protozoan that is able to combine autotrophic and heterotrophic nutritional modes.

A) Euglena
B) Plasmodium
C) Amoeba
D) Giardia

Question 19

A distinctive form of this pictured organism is found in each geologic period. Which statement(s) about this organism is/are true? 8-26-2013

A) The organisms pictured are foraminiferans, members of Supergroup Rhizarian and have a skeleton called a test.
B) These organisms may be used as index fossils to date sedimentary rock.
C) The Egyptian pyramids are built of this type of limestone.
D) All of the answer choices are correct.
E) The organisms pictured are foraminiferans, members of Supergroup Excavates.

Question 20

Which is NOT a feature found in protozoans?

A) heterotrophic
B) multicellular
C) usually motile
D) eukaryotic

Question 21

Imagine you are working for the Florida Public Health Department and you have been assigned the task of preventing malaria from spreading throughout the southern Everglades. Which of the following scenarios would have the greatest chance of success?

A) Spraying the edges of the Everglades with a pesticide that will kill mosquitos
B) Developing a vaccination that would prevent the ability of the merozoites to reproduce within the hosts bloodstream
C) Devise a insect repellant that would prevent the Anopheles mosquito from biting a human host
D) All of these scenarios would have a chance of success in preventing malaria from spreading throughout the southern Everglades.

Question 22

Explain the features necessary for both Brown algae and Dinoflagellates to be classified in the supergroup Chromalveolata.

Question 23

Which of the following protozoans is mismatched with the disease that it causes?

A) Trypanosoma brucei-sleeping sickness
B) Trichomonas vaginalis-vaginitis and urethritis
C) Entamoeba histolytica-amoebic dysentery
D) Giardia lamblia-malaria

Question 24

The endosymbiont hypothesis proposes all of the following EXCEPT

A) mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living bacteria.
B) a nucleated cell engulfed an aerobic bacterium which evolved into mitochondria.
C) prokaryotes evolved when an aerobic bacterium engulfed a cyanobacterium.
D) chloroplasts originated when a nucleated cell engulfed a cyanobacterium.

Question 25

Describe the evidence that supports that protists have evolved into multiple evolutionary lineages.

Question 26

Which description best supports the endosymbiotic theory of organelles?

A) Eukaryotic cells acquired mitochondria and plastids by engulfing free-living bacteria and developed a symbiotic relationship with them. Mitochondria were derived from anaerobic bacterium while choloroplasts were derived from aerobic bacterium.
B) Eukaryotic cells acquired mitochondria and plastids by engulfing free-living bacteria and developed a symbiotic relationship with them. Mitochondria were derived from aerobic bacterium while choloroplasts were derived from cyanobacterium.
C) Eukaryotic cells acquired nuclei and flagella by engulfing free-living bacteria and developed a symbiotic relationship with them. Nuclei were derived from aerobic bacterium while flagella were derived from motile bacteria.
D) Eukaryotic cells acquired mitochondria and flagella by engulfing free-living bacteria and developed a symbiotic relationship with them. Mitochondria were derived from aerobic bacterium while flagella were derived from motile bacteria.

Question 27

Saprolegnia, a ________, is feeding on the dead goldfish pictured here. This classifies it as a heterotrophic protist.

A) slime mold
B) ciliate
C) water mold
D) green algae

Question 28

Describe the life cycle of Plasmodium vivax and explain how humans fit into its' life cycle.

Question 29

A common cause of amoebic dysentery is

A) Trichomonas vaginalis.
B) Entamoeba histolytica.
C) Plasmodium falciparum.
D) Giardia intestinalis.

Question 30

How are the Archaeplastids similar to and different from the plants?

Question 31

Which of the following organisms belong to the supergroup Excavates?

A) Euglenoids, Amoeboids & cellular slime molds
B) Diplomonads, euglenoids & parabasalids
C) Diplomonads, euglenoids & diatoms
D) Foraminiferans, radiolarians & fungi

Question 32

A flagellated protist that is sexually transmitted is

A) Plasmodium.
B) Giardia.
C) Entamoeba.
D) Trichomonas.
E) Paramecium.

Question 33

Describe the feeding mechanisms of members of the supergroup Archaeplastids.

Question 34

Which definition would best describe the feeding mechanism of Euglena?

A) carnivorous
B) decomposer
C) heterotrophic
D) photoautotrophic
E) mixotrophic

Question 35

Slime molds, found in the Supergroup Amoebozoa, were once classified as fungi. What characteristics of the slime molds distinguish them from fungi?

A) Slime molds lack cell walls.
B) They are flagellated cells at certain stages of the life cycle.
C) The vegetative state of the slime mold is mobile and amoeboid.
D) All of these characteristics distinguish slime molds from fungi.

Question 36

The human body generally forms antibodies ("immune chemicals") to foreign substances detected in the blood plasma or in interstitial spaces within a short time. Explain why the malaria organism, unlike "short-lived" influenza and other infections, can survive in the human host to cause recurrent chills and fevers for years.

Question 37

If a public health official was trying to reduce the potential for human exposure to a "red tide" which of the following actions would they take?

A) Place a ban on eating fish that were exposed to the dinoflagellate Alexandrium catanella
B) Decrease the amount of nutrients that are washed into the aquatic ecosystem
C) Avoid eating shellfish that live in coastal areas that have a high influx of nutrients
D) All of these actions would help reduce the potential for human exposure to a "red tide".

Question 38

Which of the following organisms belong to the supergroup Amoebozoans?

A) Amoeboids and euglenoids
B) Plasmodial and water molds
C) Plasmodial and cellular slime molds
D) Cellular slime molds and radiolarians
E) Choanoflagellates and diplomonads

Question 39

Identify the organism in the picture and the Supergroup it belongs to. What characteristic(s) helped you to identify the organism?

Question 40

Amoebic dysentery is transmitted by (through)

A) the bite of a mosquito.
B) the bite of a tsetse fly.
C) having sex with an infected partner.
D) ingesting contaminated water or food.

Question 41

Water molds are heterotrophic because they are parasitic on fish, plants, and insects.

Question 42

Diatoms share a more recent common ancestor with dinoflagellates than with water molds.

Question 43

It is believed that eukaryotes evolved their mitochondria from a symbiotic relationship with a free-living aerobic bacteria.

Question 44

The term "protists" is used to refer to eukaryotes that are not plants, animals or fungi.

Question 45

In Plasmodium, sexual reproduction occurs in the _________, while asexual reproduction occurs in ________.

A) mosquito; humans
B) humans; mosquitoes
C) tsetse fly; humans
D) deer tick; deer

Question 46

The reason biologists believe that green algae and land plants, both members of the supergroup Archaeplastida, are related is because both of them possess chlorophyll a & b as well as cell walls made of starch.

Question 47

Most Chromalveolates have the alternation of generations life cycle, but some species of Fungus have a diplontic life cycle.

Question 48

Which of the following pairs of Protists would be most closely related due to both of them possessing plastids?

A) Archaeplastids & Rhizaria
B) Archaeplastids & Chromalveolata
C) Rhizaria & Chromalveolata
D) Amoebozoa & Excavata

Question 49

Chromalveolates that live along the rocky shores of the north temperate zones are able to withstand pounding tides and drying because of their holdfasts and mucilaginous cell walls.

Question 50

The 1840s Irish potato famine was caused by a water mold parasite on potatoes.