Deck 11: Intraspecific Population Regulation

Question 1

Density-independent population regulation

A)is usually catastrophic.
B)primarily affects large populations.
C)may involve disease transmission among individuals of the population.
D)results from competition among individuals for available resources.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Density-________ growth is the inverse relationship between population density and individual growth.

Answer 2

dependent

Question 3

The factors that influence the growth rate of a population in proportion to the size of the population are called density-________ factors.

Answer 3

dependent

Question 4

Competition among individuals of the same species is referred to as ________ competition.

Question 5

One hypothesis of population regulation in animals is that increased crowding and social contact cause ________.

Question 6

The carrying capacity refers to the

A)minimum amount of resources needed to sustain a finite population with zero population growth.
B)maximum sustainable population size for the prevailing environment.
C)minimum number of individuals in a population required to assure reproductive success.
D)maximum growth rate of a population in which resources are unlimited.

Question 7

The ________ model of population growth assumes that essential resources are unlimited and that the environment is constant.

Question 8

Instead of coping with stress,some animals ________ by leaving the population to seek vacant habitats.

Question 9

Within a social group,the ________ individual is dominant over all other members.

Question 10

In logistic growth,the level at which population growth ceases is referred to as the

A)threshold of security.
B)Malthusian parameter.
C)saturation point.
D)carrying capacity.

Question 11

________ competition occurs when some competing individuals obtain enough resources for themselves while denying resources to others.

Question 12

Factors that influence population growth but do not change systematically with the density of the population are called density-________ factors.

Question 13

The progressive decline in density and increase in biomass of remaining individuals in a population is known as ________-thinning.

Question 14

The presence of a uniform distribution among plants is often used as an indication that ________ is occurring.

Question 15

The form of competition in which growth and reproduction are depressed equally across individuals in a population as the intensity of competition increases is called

A)scramble competition.
B)contest competition.
C)exploitation competition.
D)interference competition.

Question 16

The part of an animal's home range that is defended against intruders is its ________.

Question 17

The maximum sustainable population size for the prevailing environment is called the ________ capacity.

Question 18

As population size (N)increases,the per capita

A)birthrate and death rate increase.
B)birthrate increases and death rate decreases.
C)birthrate decreases and death rate increases.
D)birthrate and death rate decrease.

Question 19

A plant grown at high density will produce ________ seeds than the same plant grown at low density.

Question 20

When extreme contest competition occurs within a population,

A)all individuals receive insufficient resources for survival and reproduction.
B)local extinction may occur.
C)only a portion of the population suffers.
D)the growth rate of the population increases.

Question 21

Increasing density does not affect the body mass of individual organisms.

Question 22

No population continues to grow in size indefinitely.

Question 23

Among mammals,the home range is usually larger for

A)carnivorous species than for herbivorous species of the same body size.
B)females than males of the same species.
C)immatures than for adults of the same species.
D)smaller species than for larger species.

Question 24

The individuals that disperse as a response to high population density are

A)mostly the younger members of the population.
B)more likely to survive.
C)mostly females.
D)usually superior competitors.

Question 25

When experimental plants (e.g.,Atriplex prostrata)were grown at high densities,

A)individual growth rates increased.
B)the proportion of resources allocated to leaf production increased.
C)individual plant weight increased.
D)net photosynthetic rate increased.

Question 26

Competition for resources is a density-independent factor affecting a population.

Question 27

Which statement about stress is incorrect?

A)Stress increases as population density increases.
B)Stress may trigger the release of specific chemical signals or pheromones.
C)Stress can stimulate growth and increase the rate of reproduction.
D)Stress may result in increased vulnerability to disease.

Question 28

Self-thinning

A)is found only in populations of mobile organisms.
B)occurs at high population densities.
C)functions to increase the survival rate of all individuals in the population.
D)is a type of scramble competition.

Question 29

By organizing socially into a group,individual animals may benefit by

A)coexisting peacefully instead of fighting with group members for dominance.
B)reducing intraspecific competition for food.
C)increasing access to a common food supply.
D)equalizing the number of offspring produced by each group member.

Question 30

Density-dependent population regulation occurs only at high population densities.

Question 31

The carrying capacity (K)of a population can vary depending on the supply of resources.

Question 32

Which of the following factors is most likely to be a density-independent regulator of population growth?

A)drought
B)disease
C)starvation
D)parasites

Question 33

High-density conditions caused no noticeable change in the behavior of experimental wood frog (Rana sylvatica)tadpoles.

Question 34

In a wolf pack,the beta male

A)mates with all the females of the pack.
B)is subordinate to the alpha female.
C)is dominant over all members of the pack.
D)is usually closely related to the alpha male.

Question 35

Root competition among neighboring plants was studied by growing plants with their roots inside tubes of PVC pipes.Some tubes had holes of varying sizes,allowing their neighbors' roots to enter the tubes of a target plant.As the percentage of a target plant's tube open to neighbors' roots increased,

A)both target plant biomass and neighbor plant root biomass decreased.
B)target plant biomass decreased and neighbor plant root biomass increased.
C)target plant biomass increased and neighbor plant root biomass decreased.
D)both target plant biomass and neighbor plant root biomass increased.

Question 36

Scramble competition results in some individuals in the population getting more resources than others.

Question 37

As intraspecific competition increases,growth and development are affected first,followed by individual survival and reproduction.

Question 38

As population density increases in harp seals (Phoca groenlandica),females

A)become sexually mature at a smaller body size.
B)refuse to mate with males.
C)begin reproduction at a later age.
D)often cannibalize their own offspring.

Question 39

As the density of a population increases,the

A)survival rate increases.
B)reproductive rate increases.
C)intensity of intraspecific competition decreases.
D)individual growth rate decreases.

Question 40

The influence of density-independent factors on populations is generally less predictable than the influence of density-dependent factors.

Question 41

Social organization occurs only among invertebrate animals such as ants,bees,and termites.

Question 42

Population density can affect the age at which an animal matures.

Question 43

Fire is an example of a density-independent factor that affects the size of a population.

Question 44

Dispersal is not a population regulatory mechanism.

Question 45

Individuals of some species of migratory songbirds return to the same breeding and wintering grounds each year.

Question 46

When a given area is saturated with territories,excluded individuals who lack a territory soon die of starvation.

Question 47

The rate of aggressive interactions among individuals increases as population density increases.

Question 48

Plants can capture and defend space.

Question 49

Territorial behavior includes some form of advertisement,threat,and combat.

Question 50

As the density of a population increases,dispersal usually decreases.

Question 51

The home range of an animal is always defended.