Deck 12: Metapopulations

Question 1

The model of population dynamics developed by Richard Levins assumes that

A)each patch contributes equally to the pool of emigrants.
B)patches are of different size.
C)the probability of extinction is the same for each local population.
D)some patches supply more resources than others.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The ability of an organism to colonize available habitats is influenced by its rate of ________,which is affected by fecundity and mode of reproduction.

Answer 2

dispersal

Question 3

In a metapopulation,regional scale population dynamics are governed primarily by the interaction of local populations,specifically

A)birth and death rates.
B)dispersal and colonization.
C)predation and parasitism.
D)stochastic processes.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Local population dynamics are influenced by patch size and ________.

Question 5

________ involves the movement of individuals from occupied patches (existing local populations)to unoccupied patches to form new local populations.

Question 6

The extinction rate (E)of a metapopulation ________ as the proportion of patches occupied (P)increases.

Question 7

A(n)________ population cannot support positive population growth and is able to persist only when individuals immigrate from other local populations.

Question 8

A(n)________ consists of a collection of local,interacting subpopulations that are linked by dispersal.

Question 9

The ________ effect refers to the increasing population size and decreasing risk of extinction that occurs with an increasing rate of immigration.

Question 10

In a typical metapopulation,

A)suitable habitat is relatively patchy rather than uniform.
B)only the smaller subpopulations are at risk of extinction.
C)the isolation of habitat patches prevents recolonization after local extinction.
D)the dynamics of local populations are synchronized.

Question 11

As the size of a habitat patch increases,

A)environmental heterogeneity decreases.
B)the probability of extinction increases.
C)the probability of colonization decreases.
D)the impact of environmental stochasticity decreases.

Question 12

At the metapopulation,or regional,scale,population dynamics are governed by the interaction of ________ populations.

Question 13

In a metapopulation,the probability of extinction in a local population increases with

A)increasing patch size and increasing isolation.
B)increasing patch size and decreasing isolation.
C)decreasing patch size and increasing isolation.
D)decreasing patch size and decreasing isolation.

Question 14

Population densities are usually ________ in smaller species than in larger species.

Question 15

Metapopulation persistence is a dynamic balance between the ________ and recolonization of empty habitat patches.

Question 16

A(n)________ is a collection of metapopulations in a geographic region that has evolved one or more characteristics distinguishing it from other metapopulations due to isolation and subsequent divergence resulting from natural selection.

Question 17

A(n)________ population maintains a positive growth rate,producing a surplus of individuals that disperses to other local populations.

Question 18

Increasing patch size may influence the persistence of local populations by increasing the potential for environmental ________.

Question 19

In a metapopulation,the probability of recolonization in a local population increases with

A)increasing patch size and increasing isolation.
B)increasing patch size and decreasing isolation.
C)decreasing patch size and increasing isolation.
D)decreasing patch size and decreasing isolation.

Question 20

The rescue effect on the size of a local population results from

A)an increased birthrate.
B)a decreased death rate.
C)immigration from a nearby population.
D)the extinction of predators.

Question 21

As heterogeneity of habitat in a local population increases,the population density fluctuates more.

Question 22

A source population is more likely than a sink population to become extinct.

Question 23

A species encompasses the largest geographic range in the four hierarchical levels of spatial aggregation of populations.

Question 24

The rate of dispersal is greater in species occupying stable habitats than in those occupying temporary habitats.

Question 25

Dispersal of individuals among local populations does not occur within a metapopulation.

Question 26

A large patch of habitat tends to be more spatially heterogeneous than a small patch of habitat.

Question 27

The rate of dispersal is highest in species that

A)occupy stable habitats.
B)occupy isolated habitats.
C)reproduce asexually.
D)have high fecundity.

Question 28

The probability of core population extinction is less than that of satellite populations in a metapopulation.

Question 29

Which of the following factors can synchronize metapopulation dynamics?

A)death of immigrants
B)prevention of dispersal
C)environmental stochasticity
D)heterogeneous patch quality

Question 30

In the equation,P = 1 - e / m,e represents the

A)rate of local population colonization.
B)rate of local population extinction.
C)probability of local population colonization.
D)probability of local population extinction.

Question 31

The ability of individuals to disperse among habitat patches is related to their degree of isolation.

Question 32

A source population

A)must be maintained by immigrants from a sink population.
B)has a high rate of extinction.
C)is usually located in small,isolated patches.
D)maintains a positive growth rate.

Question 33

Sexually reproducing plants tend to have lower rates of local extinction than asexually reproducing plants.

Question 34

The rescue effect of a population decreases its risk of extinction.

Question 35

Increasing isolation of habitat patches can be compensated for by decreasing the average patch size.

Question 36

The persistence of metapopulations increases when

A)heterogeneity of habitat increases.
B)isolation of local populations increases.
C)environmental stochasticity increases.
D)the size of local populations decreases.

Question 37

Which of the following is the correct hierarchy of the population concept?

A)local population < metapopulation < subspecies < species
B)metapopulation < local population < subspecies < species
C)local population < metapopulation < species < subspecies
D)metapopulation < local population < species < subspecies

Question 38

The conversion of natural ecosystems to agricultural production tends to synchronize metapopulation dynamics.

Question 39

The model of metapopulation growth is similar to the logistic model of population growth in that both are regulated by density-dependent factors.