Deck 10: Life History

Question 1

Guppies were moved from stream A,with a fish that preyed upon adult guppies,to stream B,with a fish that preyed upon juvenile guppies.After 30 to 60 generations,the guppies responded to the increased predation on juveniles relative to adults by

A)feeding less frequently.
B)increasing age at maturity.
C)increasing the number of individuals in a school.
D)becoming smaller in body size.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Natural selection will favor the age at maturity that results in the greatest number of ________ produced over the lifetime of an individual.

Answer 2

offspring

Question 3

________ selection occurs when members of the same sex compete for access to the opposite sex.

Answer 3

Intrasexual

Question 4

________-strategists are competitive species with stable populations of long-lived individuals.

Question 5

In long-lived species of organisms,the primary advantage of delaying reproduction (late maturity)is

A)increased survivorship.
B)obtaining a better quality territory.
C)increased number of mates.
D)larger initial body size during the first reproduction event.

Question 6

The mating system most prevalent in birds is ________.

Question 7

Habitats that are variable in time or short lived will favor ________-strategists.

Question 8

The behavioral,physiological,and energetic activities involved in current reproduction result in

A)reduced future survival,fecundity,and growth.
B)reduced future survival and fecundity but increased future growth.
C)reduced future survival but increased future fecundity and growth.
D)increased future survival,fecundity,and growth.

Question 9

Reproductive success of an organism is best measured by its

A)fitness.
B)ability to attract a mate.
C)number of offspring that survive to reproduce.
D)life span.

Question 10

The number of seeds produced by a plant is ________ correlated with the size of the seeds.

Question 11

The type of mating system in which an individual female pairs with two or more males is known as ________.

Question 12

Little parental care is required by ________ offspring,which are able to move about and forage for themselves shortly after birth.

Question 13

Organisms that invest all their energy into growth,development,and energy storage,followed by one massive reproductive effort and then death,are called ________.

Question 14

The set of phenotypes expressed by a single genotype across a range of environmental conditions is referred as the norm of ________.

Question 15

The objective of reproduction is to maximize the relative ________ of the individual.

Question 16

________ is the number of offspring produced per unit of time.

Question 17

An organism's ________ is its lifetime pattern of growth,development,and reproduction.

Question 18

Allocation of energy to reproduction reduces the amount of resources available for ________.

Question 19

The total energetic costs of reproduction per unit of time are referred to as an individual's ________.

Question 20

Communal courtship grounds,or ________,are areas where males congregate to display to females.

Question 21

An r-strategist is characterized by

A)slow population growth.
B)a slow rate of development.
C)a long life expectancy.
D)density-independent mortality.

Question 22

A lek is characterized by

A)females displaying in small,clumped territories lacking resources.
B)males defending resources in small,clumped territories.
C)females mating with only a small percentage of displaying males.
D)a group of females defended by a single dominant male.

Question 23

The development of modern corn from teosinte,a group of large Central and South American grasses,is an example of

A)selective breeding.
B)sexual selection.
C)natural selection.
D)random genetic drift.

Question 24

The reproductive strategy in which relatively few young are produced at repeated intervals during an individual's life is referred to as

A)semelparity.
B)iteroparity.
C)altricial.
D)precocial.

Question 25

When one male mates and stays with one female,the relationship is called

A)polygamous.
B)monogamous.
C)monoecious.
D)promiscuous.

Question 26

Small and short-lived plants that rapidly colonize disturbed sites are classified by J.Phillip Grime as

A)C species.
B)R species.
C)S species.
D)X species.

Question 27

Fecundity increases with body weight.

Question 28

As the number of offspring produced increases,the probability of their survival decreases.

Question 29

Semelparity is favored when the external environment imposes high adult mortality relative to juvenile mortality,and mature individuals are unlikely to survive much longer.

Question 30

A female exhibits two major approaches in choosing a mate,selecting either the phenotypic characteristics of the mate or the

A)number of other females the male has in his harem.
B)ability of the male to provide resources.
C)number of offspring the male has previously produced.
D)age of the male.

Question 31

All species of animals provide parental care.

Question 32

Defending a breeding territory increases an animal's probability of future survival.

Question 33

Altricial young are relatively

A)independent at birth and require relatively little time for incubation and gestation.
B)independent at birth and require a relatively long time for incubation and gestation.
C)helpless at birth and require relatively little time for incubation and gestation.
D)helpless at birth and require a relatively long time for incubation and gestation.

Question 34

A male swordtail fish with a tail fin longer than its rivals is

A)more likely to be selected by a female and to consume less oxygen while swimming.
B)more likely to be selected by a female and to consume more oxygen while swimming.
C)less likely to be selected by a female and to consume less oxygen while swimming.
D)less likely to be selected by a female and to consume more oxygen while swimming.

Question 35

Most species of vertebrates are iteroparous.

Question 36

Extrinsic ecological factors such as the physical environment and the presence of predators or competitors influence age specific rates of mortality and survivorship.

Question 37

In which of the following groups of organisms are most species iteroparous?

A)annual plants
B)perennial plants
C)periodical cicadas
D)salmon

Question 38

Parental care is best developed among

A)ants and bees.
B)fish.
C)salamanders.
D)snakes and turtles.

Question 39

The mating system in which males and females mate with one or many of the opposite sex and form no pair bond is known as

A)monogamy.
B)polygyny.
C)polyandry.
D)promiscuity.

Question 40

The preferential selection by a female of a male peacock with the longest tail feathers and the most eyespots on the tail feathers is an example of

A)polandry.
B)polygyny.
C)intrasexual selection.
D)intersexual selection.

Question 41

In some species of birds,males with the brightest plumage have the fewest parasites.

Question 42

Natural selection should favor plants producing small seeds in wet environments and plants that produce larger seeds in dry environments.

Question 43

The major difference between ancestral teosinte and modern corn is the amount of resources allocated to seed production.

Question 44

The phenotype expressed by a single genotype can be affected by environmental conditions.

Question 45

Weedy plants are considered to be K-strategists.

Question 46

Polygyny is more likely to occur as differences in territory quality increase between territorial males.

Question 47

Polyandry is more common than polygyny.

Question 48

Species that are r-strategists are usually larger than those that are K-strategists.

Question 49

Sexual dimorphism occurs when males and females are so similar morphologically that they are difficult to distinguish.

Question 50

In polygynous species of animals,males usually choose their mates,and females,because they are smaller and weaker,must comply.