Deck 24: Aquatic Ecosystems

Question 1

The general term for flowing bodies of freshwater is ________.

Answer 1

lotic

Question 2

Smaller than diatoms,the ________,which include tiny cyanobacteria,haptophtyes,and coccolithophores,make up the largest biomass in temperate and tropical water.

Answer 2

nanoplankton

Question 3

In lakes and ponds,the open-water zone extending to the depth of light penetration is referred to as the ________ zone.

Answer 3

limnetic

Question 4

Classification of aquatic ecosystems is largely based on features of the ________ environment.

Question 5

When rivers flow into the ocean,they create a zone that mixes freshwater with saltwater referred to as a(n)________.

Question 6

Lakes that receive large amounts of organic matter from surrounding land,particularly in the form of humic materials that stain the water brown,are called ________ lakes.

Question 7

Invertebrates that feed on the algal coating of stones and rubble in streams and rivers are referred to as ________.

Question 8

In lakes and ponds,the ________ zone is a shallow-water zone along the perimeter in which light reaches the bottom.

Question 9

In lakes and ponds,the depth at which respiration balances photosynthesis is referred to as the ________ depth of light.

Question 10

The zone in the ocean from the surface to approximately 200 meters deep is called the ________ zone.

Question 11

A relatively ________ lake is characterized by an abundance of nutrients,abundant algal growth,and shallow light penetration.

Question 12

The water above the continental shelf belongs to the ________ province of the pelagic zone.

Question 13

Reef-building corals have a symbiotic relationship with algal cells called ________ that live within the cells of corals.

Question 14

In the benthic zone of lakes and ponds,organisms that are attached to or move on a submerged substrate but do not penetrate it are referred to as ________.

Question 15

Flowing-water ecosystems often alternate two different but related habitats: the turbulent ________ and the quiet pool.

Question 16

A(n)________ is a ring of coral reefs and islands surrounding a lagoon that is formed when a volcanic mountain subsides beneath the surface.

Question 17

________ fish are those that live most of their lives in marine environments and return to freshwater to spawn.

Question 18

The tiny,photosynthetic,primary producers of open water such as desmids,diatoms,and filamentous algae are referred to as ________.

Question 19

Streams generally have a(n)________ temperature at their headwaters than toward their outlet.

Question 20

Non-flowing water ecosystems,such as ponds and lakes,are also called ________ ecosystems.

Question 21

Streams are classified according to orders.If two first-order streams join,flow through a valley,and are joined by another first-order stream,what is the final stream order?

A)first order
B)second order
C)third order
D)fourth order

Question 22

Which type of lake has the largest amount of nutrients?

A)eutrophic
B)oligotrophic
C)dystrophic
D)lotic

Question 23

What is a riffle?

A)the deepest part of the streambed bottom
B)a pool of water in a stream
C)an herbivorous aquatic insect
D)a fast-moving shallow body of water

Question 24

If a stream has an average depth of 3 meters,an average width of 4 meters,and an average stream velocity of 0.24 m/s,what is the discharge rate or streamflow (Q)?

A)0)187 m3/s
B)3 m3/s
C)12 m3/s
D)48 m3/s

Question 25

Which of the following feeds on FPOM?

A)caddisflies
B)shredders
C)filtering collectors
D)grazers

Question 26

In ponds and lakes,the zone beneath the depth of effective light penetration but above the bottom is referred to as the

A)littoral zone.
B)limnetic zone.
C)profundal zone.
D)benthic zone.

Question 27

What are present in the photo?

A)phytoplankton
B)zooplankton
C)aufwuchs
D)hellgrammites

Question 28

Invertebrates that feed on coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM),such as leaves that fall into streams and rivers,are referred to as

A)shredders.
B)gougers.
C)grazers.
D)collectors.

Question 29

Based on the taxa in the picture,which type of habitat is this?

A)fast stream
B)slow stream
C)pond
D)marine

Question 30

In streams and rivers,decomposition occurs primarily in

A)riffles.
B)pools.
C)runs.
D)rapids

Question 31

What is missing from the profundal zone?

A)nutrients
B)light
C)fish
D)fungus

Question 32

In lakes and ponds,oxygen concentrations are lowest in the

A)benthic zone.
B)littoral zone.
C)limnetic zone.
D)profundal zone.

Question 33

Which of the following lakes is likely to be the most oligotrophic?

A)small and shallow
B)small and deep
C)large and shallow
D)large and deep

Question 34

What is the main form of photosynthetic life in the limnetic zone?

A)phytoplankton
B)floating species
C)emerging species
D)submergent species

Question 35

In lakes and ponds,phytoplankton and zooplankton are most abundant in the

A)benthic zone.
B)littoral zone.
C)limnetic zone.
D)profundal zone.

Question 36

In lakes and ponds,photosynthesis occurs primarily in the

A)benthic zone.
B)profundal zone.
C)limnetic zone.
D)lotic zone.

Question 37

In lakes and ponds,decomposition occurs primarily in the

A)benthic zone.
B)littoral zone.
C)limnetic zone.
D)profundal zone.

Question 38

Which of the following bodies of water best represents a lotic ecosystem?

A)salt pond
B)marsh
C)oxbow lake
D)stream

Question 39

Which order of stream would likely be found at the highest elevation?

A)first order
B)second order
C)third order
D)fourth order

Question 40

________ are mountainous lakes that have been carved by glacial erosion and deposition.

A)Marshes
B)Oxbows
C)Reservoirs
D)Tarns

Question 41

The dominant autotrophs of the open water are

A)phytoplankton.
B)kelp.
C)seagrasses.
D)stromatolites.

Question 42

Oxygen concentrations are relatively high in the bottom ooze of lakes and ponds.

Question 43

Which of the following would have the fastest flow,given the same discharge?

A)deep wide stream
B)deep narrow stream
C)shallow narrow stream
D)shallow wide stream

Question 44

Lakes can be formed from both geological and nongeological activity.

Question 45

Coral reefs grow best where water is

A)warm,shallow,and clear.
B)warm,deep,and clear.
C)cold,shallow,and clear.
D)cold,deep,and murky.

Question 46

Phytoplankton thrive in the limnetic zone of lakes and ponds.

Question 47

As a stream or river descends,it generally grows

A)faster and cooler.
B)slower and warmer.
C)faster and warmer.
D)slower and cooler.

Question 48

In the ocean,swimming organisms that can move at will in the water column are referred to as

A)periphyton.
B)zooplankton.
C)megaplankton.
D)nekton.

Question 49

Shredders,collectors,and small predatory fish such as sculpins,darters,and trout are the dominant organisms collectively found in

A)estuaries.
B)small headwater streams.
C)medium-sized streams.
D)large rivers.

Question 50

Non-flowing water bodies,such as lakes,are referred to as lotic ecosystems.

Question 51

The benthic community of an ocean,with the exception of hydrothermal vents,is best described as

A)completely heterotrophic and very diverse.
B)completely autotrophic and very diverse.
C)completely phototrophic and not very diverse.
D)mostly heterotrophic and not very diverse.

Question 52

The productivity of oceans is greatest in the

A)neritic province at tropical latitudes.
B)oceanic province at tropical latitudes.
C)neritic province at temperate latitudes.
D)oceanic province at temperate latitudes.

Question 53

The organisms living on the bottom of the ocean are collectively referred to as

A)nekton.
B)benthos.
C)meiofauna.
D)epifauna.

Question 54

In hydrothermal vent communities,autotrophic organisms obtain energy by oxidizing

A)reduced sulfur compounds.
B)carbon dioxide.
C)sodium chloride.
D)metals such as copper and iron.

Question 55

In the profundal zone of a lake or pond,the rate of photosynthesis exceeds the rate of respiration.

Question 56

The cells of reef-building corals are inhabited by symbiotic species of

A)algae.
B)fungi.
C)bacteria.
D)cyanobacteria.

Question 57

The oxygen-minimum layer of an ocean occurs in the

A)abyssalpelagic zone.
B)bathypelagic zone.
C)epipelagic zone.
D)mesopelagic zone.

Question 58

Many physical features dictate life in an estuary.The physical feature with the most influence on organismal distribution is

A)light.
B)nutrients.
C)salinity.
D)temperature.

Question 59

Dead zones typically are

A)lacking in nutrients.
B)lacking in decomposers.
C)lacking in oxygen.
D)all of the above.

Question 60

Semi-enclosed areas of the coastal ocean where seawater is diluted and partially mixed with freshwater coming from the land are referred to as

A)eddies.
B)coastal reservoirs.
C)tidal basins.
D)estuaries.

Question 61

Inflowing river waters most often impoverish rather than fertilize estuaries.

Question 62

Because the thermocline is permanent in tropical oceans,little vertical mixing occurs,resulting in low productivity.

Question 63

Bioluminescence reaches its greatest development in the mesopelagic zone of an ocean.

Question 64

Organisms living in deep-sea hydrothermal vents do not need light to obtain their energy.

Question 65

Barrier reefs are separated from land by shallow lagoons.

Question 66

The organisms responsible for the majority of primary production in marine environments are the copepods.

Question 67

Swimming organisms in the ocean that are able to move at will in the water column are referred to as nekton.

Question 68

Eutrophic lakes are typically clear,with little algal growth.

Question 69

Many zooplankton migrate to the surface to graze on phytoplankton during the day and retreat to deeper water during the night.

Question 70

The velocity of water in a stream channel is greater along the margins of the channel than in the center of the channel.

Question 71

As a stream flows down its course,it generally becomes warmer and slower.

Question 72

In rivers and streams,the invertebrates that scrape algae off rocks are referred to as shredders.

Question 73

Coral reefs occur in nutrient-poor areas of the ocean.

Question 74

Most estuarine organisms are benthic.

Question 75

Unlike phytoplankton,which are at the mercy of currents,zooplankton can move at will within a current.

Question 76

Photosynthesis in the ocean takes place mostly in the mesopelagic zone.

Question 77

The deepest water of an ocean in deep-sea trenches and canyons is referred to as the hadalpelagic zone.

Question 78

Because of the high pressure and cold temperatures,few species of organisms survive in the deep benthic zone of the ocean.