Deck 10: Life History

Question 1

An individual plant that possesses both male and female reproductive organs is known as

A)imperfect.
B)dioecious.
C)perfect.
D)asexual.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is associated with asexual reproduction?

A)parthenogenesis
B)hermaphrodites
C)monoecious hermaphrodites
D)monogamy

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Reproductive success of an organism is best measured by its

A)fitness.
B)ability to attract a mate.
C)number of offspring that survive to reproduce.
D)life span.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The total energetic costs of reproduction per unit of time are referred to as an individual's ________.

Question 5

The mating system most prevalent in birds is ________.

Question 6

The number of seeds produced by a plant is ________ correlated with the size of the seeds.

Question 7

A trade-off for having many offspring would be

A)that they would likely be small in size.
B)that they would likely be large in size.
C)that they would require a large amount of parental care.
D)that they would have high survivorship.

Question 8

Communal courtship grounds,or ________,are areas where males congregate to display to females.

Question 9

Allocation of energy to reproduction reduces the amount of resources available for ________.

Question 10

Natural selection favors the age at maturity that results in the greatest number of ________ produced over the lifetime of an individual.

Question 11

Organisms that invest all their energy into growth,development,and energy storage,followed by one massive reproductive effort and then death,are called ________.

Question 12

Habitats that are variable in time or short lived will favor ________-strategists.

Question 13

An advantage to sexual reproduction is

A)that there is no need to find a mate.
B)the potential for high population growth.
C)that offspring are adapted to the local environment.
D)increased genetic variability.

Question 14

An organism's ________ is its lifetime pattern of growth,development,and reproduction.

Question 15

Little parental care is required by ________ offspring,which are able to move about and forage for themselves shortly after birth.

Question 16

________ is the number of offspring produced per unit of time.

Question 17

The type of mating system in which an individual female pairs with two or more males is known as ________.

Question 18

________ selection occurs when members of the same sex compete for access to the opposite sex.

Question 19

The set of phenotypes expressed by a single genotype across a range of environmental conditions is referred as the norm of ________.

Question 20

The objective of reproduction is to maximize the relative ________ of the individual.

Question 21

Pacific salmon migrate upstream and after breeding,soon die.They are termed

A)iteroparous.
B)semelparous.
C)dioecious.
D)monoecious.

Question 22

In which of the following groups of organisms are most species iteroparous?

A)annual plants
B)perennial plants
C)periodical cicadas
D)salmon

Question 23

The reproductive strategy in which relatively few young are produced at repeated intervals during an individual's life is referred to as

A)semelparity.
B)iteroparity.
C)altricial.
D)precocial.

Question 24

The data in Figure 10.7 support which of the following trade-offs?

A)the size of offspring is correlated with the number of offspring
B)the size of offspring is correlated with the age at maturity
C)the number of offspring is correlated with growth
D)the number of offspring is correlated with survival

Question 25

The behavioral,physiological,and energetic activities involved in current reproduction result in

A)reduced future survival,fecundity,and growth.
B)reduced future survival and fecundity but increased future growth.
C)reduced future survival but increased future fecundity and growth.
D)increased future survival,fecundity,and growth.

Question 26

A sexual system where a male gorilla mates with several females,forming pair bonds with each of them,is called

A)promiscuity.
B)monogamy.
C)polyandry.
D)polygyny.

Question 27

Members of the California sheephead fish species begin their life as females and then become males.This is referred to as

A)sequential hermaphroditism.
B)dioecious.
C)transgenderism.
D)autogamy.

Question 28

Guppies were moved from stream A,with a fish that preyed upon adult guppies,to stream B,with a fish that preyed upon juvenile guppies.After 30 to 60 generations,the guppies responded to the increased predation on juveniles relative to adults by

A)feeding less frequently.
B)increasing age at maturity.
C)increasing the number of individuals in a school.
D)becoming smaller in body size.

Question 29

In the presence of predators,some tadpoles grow larger and more colorful tails to avoid lethal strikes to the head.This ability to respond to the environment via morphological traits is known as

A)phenotypic plasticity.
B)outcrossing.
C)dioecious.
D)K-strategy.

Question 30

An insect larva that is immediately ready to move and feed after birth is termed

A)altricial.
B)precocial.
C)semelparous.
D)iteroparous.

Question 31

In long-lived species of organisms,the primary advantage of delaying reproduction (late maturity)is

A)increased survivorship.
B)obtaining a higher quality territory.
C)increased number of mates.
D)larger initial body size during the first reproduction event.

Question 32

Parental care is best developed among

A)ants and bees.
B)fish.
C)salamanders.
D)snakes and turtles.

Question 33

Human reproductive systems are best described as

A)perfect.
B)dioecious.
C)hermaphroditic.
D)budding.

Question 34

The mating system in which males and females mate with one or many of the opposite sex and form no pair bond is known as

A)monogamy.
B)polygyny.
C)polyandry.
D)promiscuity.

Question 35

Early sexual maturity is predicted to result in

A)lower overall lifetime reproduction.
B)higher overall lifetime reproduction.
C)higher reproduction earlier in life.
D)higher reproduction later in life.

Question 36

An animal with high fecundity is predicted to have

A)a lower number of offspring.
B)a lower reproductive effort.
C)a lower survival rate.
D)a higher offspring size.

Question 37

These data support the trade-off that

A)size of offspring is correlated with number of offspring.
B)size of offspring is correlated with size of mother.
C)number of offspring is correlated with survival.
D)habitat type is correlated with size of mother.

Question 38

When one male mates and stays with one female,the relationship is called

A)polygamous.
B)monogamous.
C)monoecious.
D)promiscuous.

Question 39

Altricial young are relatively

A)independent at birth and require relatively little time for incubation and gestation.
B)independent at birth and require a relatively long time for incubation and gestation.
C)helpless at birth and require relatively little time for incubation and gestation.
D)helpless at birth and require a relatively long time for incubation and gestation.

Question 40

Successful reproduction can result in a

A)lower chance of future mortality.
B)higher chance of future reproduction.
C)lower chance of future reproduction.
D)lower probability of flowering.

Question 41

Extrinsic ecological factors such as the physical environment and the presence of predators or competitors influence age specific rates of mortality and survivorship.

Question 42

The preferential selection by a female of a male peacock with the longest tail feathers and the most eyespots on the tail feathers is an example of

A)polandry.
B)polygyny.
C)intrasexual selection.
D)intersexual selection.

Question 43

Heightened male to male aggression around female mates is likely the result of

A)intersexual selection.
B)intrasexual selection.
C)polygamy.
D)delayed sexual maturity.

Question 44

All species of animals provide parental care.

Question 45

Polygyny is more likely to occur as differences in territory quality increase between territorial males.

Question 46

Semelparity is favored when the external environment imposes high adult mortality relative to juvenile mortality,and mature individuals are unlikely to survive much longer.

Question 47

According to the latest data,the global human population is predicted to

A)continue to increase exponentially for the next 50 years.
B)peak at 10 billion.
C)decline precipitously to 1 billion.
D)increase at a steady rate for the next 50 years.

Question 48

A female exhibits two major approaches in choosing a mate,selecting either the phenotypic characteristics of the mate or the

A)number of other females the male has in his harem.
B)ability of the male to provide resources.
C)number of offspring the male has previously produced.
D)age of the male.

Question 49

The phenotype expressed by a single genotype can be affected by environmental conditions.

Question 50

If infant mortality rates are declining,how can the overall population growth rate slow down?

A)decreased adult survival
B)increased resource efficiency
C)decreased reproductive output
D)decreased demographic transition

Question 51

Most species of vertebrates are iteroparous.

Question 52

An individual with a large,high quality territory is likely to have

A)a reduced number of offspring.
B)decreased male-male interactions.
C)increased mating success.
D)reduced resources.

Question 53

Fecundity increases with body weight.

Question 54

Which of the following would be most attractive to a female hummingbird? A mate protecting a territory with

A)many predators.
B)many nectar feeding animals.
C)many nectar bearing flowers.
D)many other males.

Question 55

The K in the term K-strategist refers to

A)intrinsic rate of growth.
B)kill rate.
C)fecundity.
D)carrying capacity.

Question 56

As the number of offspring produced increases,the probability of their survival decreases.

Question 57

Small and short-lived plants that rapidly colonize disturbed sites are classified by J.Phillip Grime as

A)C species.
B)R species.
C)S species.
D)X species.

Question 58

Defending a breeding territory increases an animal's probability of future survival.

Question 59

Polyandry is more common than polygyny.

Question 60

An r-strategist is characterized by

A)slow population growth.
B)a slow rate of development.
C)a long life expectancy.
D)density-independent mortality.

Question 61

In polygynous species of animals,males usually choose their mates,and females,because they are smaller and weaker,must comply.

Question 62

Natural selection should favor plants producing small seeds in wet environments and plants that produce larger seeds in dry environments.

Question 63

Species that are r-strategists are usually larger than those that are K-strategists.

Question 64

Sexual dimorphism occurs when males and females are so similar morphologically that they are difficult to distinguish.

Question 65

Weedy plants are considered to be K-strategists.

Question 66

In some species of birds,males with the brightest plumage have the fewest parasites.