Deck 8: Properties of Populations

Question 1

The ________ of a population describes its spatial location,the area over which it occurs.

Answer 1

distribution

Question 2

The primary factors driving the dynamics of population abundance are the demographic processes of ________ and ________.

Answer 2

birth; death

Question 3

An individual tree or plant produced by sexual reproduction and thus arising from a zygote is a genetic individual,known as a(n)________.

Answer 3

genet

Question 4

A round-trip movement of an individual from one place to another and back again is called ________.

Question 5

In most mammalian populations,the ________ sex ratio at birth is often weighted toward males.

Question 6

Counting the total number of individuals within a square or rectangle of known area,referred to as a(n)________,is a sampling method that is commonly used to study plants or other sessile animals.

Question 7

The California newt is found only in California.This is an example of a(n)________ species.

A)ubiquitous
B)metapopulation
C)endemic
D)invasive

Question 8

Populations can be divided into three ecologically important age classes: prereproductive,reproductive,and ________.

Question 9

A module that is produced asexually by an original genetic individual,which may remain physically linked to the parent or may be separate,is referred to as a

A)genet.
B)ramet.
C)clone.
D)bud.

Question 10

Which of the following is not a feature of a population?

A)size
B)density
C)number of species
D)distribution

Question 11

Which of the following is a clonal animal?

A)sheep
B)coral
C)mouse
D)quail

Question 12

A group of individuals of the same species inhabiting a given area is called a(n)________.

Question 13

You see three shoots of a plant with a connected root system.This is an example of

A)3 ramets.
B)1 ramet.
C)3 genets.
D)6 genets.

Question 14

Population ________ is the number of individuals per unit area,or per unit volume.

Question 15

Because a direct count of all individuals within a population is often impossible,population density is usually estimated by one or more methods of ________.

Question 16

________ defines the size of a population,the number of individuals in it.

Question 17

As a result of environmental heterogeneity,most populations are divided into smaller populations,referred to as local ________.

Question 18

A graph that compares the relative number of individuals within different age groups of a population is called an age ________.

Question 19

Which of the following represents a modular organism?

A)lizard
B)coral
C)dog
D)ant

Question 20

Individuals moving from another location into a subpopulation is referred to as ________.

Question 21

Which of the following sampling techniques represents an index of abundance rather than an estimate of density?

A)number of oak trees within a quadrat
B)number of bear droppings along a trail
C)ratio of marked and unmarked mice in a field
D)number of ducks on a pond

Question 22

The age of a tree is best approximated by

A)estimating tree height.
B)counting tree growth rings.
C)measuring the diameter of a trunk at breast height (dbh).
D)counting the number of leaves.

Question 23

Which of the following methods would work best to estimate flower species diversity?

A)mark-recapture
B)Lincoln Peterson index
C)quadrats
D)distribution mapping

Question 24

A group of local subpopulations is called a(n)

A)community.
B)species.
C)metapopulation.
D)ecogroup.

Question 25

The sex ratio of human senior citizens (>65 years)is

A)skewed toward females.
B)skewed toward males.
C)1:1.
D)the same as birds'.

Question 26

If,via global warming,the temperatures increased in Canada,the red maple might be able to extend its ________ to the North.

A)population size
B)migration route
C)age structure
D)geographic range

Question 27

Calculate the estimated population size,N,given a study that initially marked 100 animals and subsequently captured 50,of which 25 were marked.

A)25
B)100
C)50
D)200

Question 28

Which of the following best represents a measure of ecological density?

A)number of frogs per meter of pond shoreline
B)number of birds per hectare
C)number of mammals per meter
D)number of fish per volume of ocean

Question 29

Which of the following best describes the distribution of corn in an agricultural field?

A)uniform
B)random
C)clumped
D)ideal

Question 30

A population's density is calculated as the

A)area over which the population is distributed.
B)number of individuals within the population.
C)unit of area divided by the number of individuals.
D)number of individuals per unit area.

Question 31

An ecologist counts the number of individuals in five samples of equal area for four species of organisms.Which of these counts best represents a clumped population?

A)23,21,25,22,18
B)133,124,113,128,119
C)47,18,93,12,28
D)12,13,12,13,11

Question 32

The area inhabited by all individuals of a particular species is known as the population's

A)geographic range.
B)density.
C)ecosystem.
D)habitat.

Question 33

Which of the following countries have an age structure that most resembles a pyramid?

A)United States
B)Japan
C)Egypt
D)none resemble a pyramid

Question 34

What is one way biologists determine the life stage of birds?

A)counting otoliths
B)plumage
C)examining the gap in wing bones
D)tooth shape

Question 35

When sampling a species that has clumped distributions,which approach listed below is best?

A)sampling at random locations
B)counting every individual
C)calculating an ecological density
D)assuming a uniform distribution

Question 36

Why might the sex ratio of bird species in the figure change from as they grow from juveniles to adults?

A)Nesting females are vulnerable to predatory attack.
B)Males that are unable to mate die quickly.
C)Females are less able to feed effectively as juveniles.
D)More females are required to sustain the population.

Question 37

Which of the following is an example of dendrochronology?

A)measuring seedling recruitment
B)counting juveniles in a population
C)measuring finger bone size over time
D)counting tree rings

Question 38

According to the figure,the predominant plant in an open site is roughly ________ cm3 in size.

A)larger than 600
B)200.1-600
C)5)1-35
D)0)5-5

Question 39

In populations of animals that defend an area for their own exclusive use or in plants that compete intensively for belowground resources such as water or nutrients,the spatial distribution of individuals is usually

A)homogenous.
B)clumped.
C)random.
D)uniform.

Question 40

The demographic age pyramid of a rapidly growing population is

A)wide at the base,narrow at the top.
B)wide at the top,narrow at the bottom.
C)wide at top and bottom,narrow in the middle.
D)similarly wide from top to bottom.

Question 41

How might a species' range be extended?

A)through increased migration rates
B)through increased immigration rates
C)through climate change
D)through decreased reproductive rates

Question 42

Which of the following species' range has extended extensively over the past 100 years?

A)grizzly bear
B)gypsy moth
C)polar bear
D)spotted owl

Question 43

The age of a fish can be determined by counting the annual rings of otoliths (ear bones).

Question 44

Why is Pacific salmon movement into freshwater streams considered migration if the salmon die at the head of the stream and never return to the ocean?

A)It is not considered migration but immigration.
B)Migration is a one-way movement.
C)Because their offspring return to the ocean,the entire population participates in the migratory event via different life stages.
D)Most male adult fish survive reproduction and return to the ocean.

Question 45

The movement of individuals in space is called

A)distribution.
B)migration.
C)dispersal.
D)density.

Question 46

Most populations are divided into subpopulations.

Question 47

Ecological density is a measure of the number of individuals per unit of available living space.

Question 48

The most common spatial distribution among individuals within a population is clumped.

Question 49

Which of the following is not an invasive species?

A)cheatgrass
B)purple loosestrife
C)ring-necked duck
D)Asian longhorned beetle

Question 50

A quadrat is usually used to measure density in mobile populations of animals.

Question 51

An individual plant is often more difficult to recognize than an individual animal.

Question 52

A ramet is genetically identical to its original parent.

Question 53

A uniform distribution of individuals within a population occurs if each individual's position is independent of others' positions.

Question 54

The density of a population is usually measured by counting every individual.

Question 55

An ecologist spent a year studying the population dynamics of a species of duck on a lake.At the beginning of the year,there were 86 adults.Of these,16 adults left the lake,12 adults arrived on the lake from elsewhere,76 chicks hatched from eggs,24 chicks survived to become adults,and 8 adults died.How many individuals emigrated?

A)8
B)12
C)16
D)24

Question 56

Which of the following is an example of migration?

A)frogs leaving a pond after metamorphosis
B)hawks finding a new territory after maturing
C)seeds dispersing from a tree
D)humpback whales traveling up and down the coast of western United States

Question 57

Which of the following was propagated and promoted for use by the Soil Conservation Service but is now listed as a Federal Noxious Weed?

A)purple loosestrife
B)Australian paperbark tree
C)kudzu
D)evening primrose

Question 58

The distribution of species is rarely determined by minimum and maximum temperature tolerances.

Question 59

If more individuals move out of a forest than into it every year,the ________ rate is high.

A)immigration
B)fidelity
C)emigration
D)migration

Question 60

A genet is produced asexually.

Question 61

All animals disperse actively,whereas all plants disperse passively.

Question 62

Unlike the one-way movement of an individual in emigration and immigration,migration refers to round-trip movements.

Question 63

Small trees are often the same age as large individuals in the canopy.

Question 64

The sex ratio in a population is usually fixed and does not vary among age classes.