Deck 27: The Ecology of Climate Change

Question 1

Over the past century,the Earth's climate has ________ by an estimated 0.74°C.

Answer 1

warmed

Question 2

In great tits,increased warming has resulted in

A)earlier egg laying.
B)earlier migration schedules.
C)greater mortality.
D)larger body size.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What effect is warming predicted to have on migration behavior?

A)Birds will depart for migration earlier and return later.
B)Birds will depart for migration later and return later.
C)Birds will depart for migration earlier and return earlier.
D)Birds will depart for migration later and return earlier.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The wobble of the Earth is not causing the current warming trend because it takes place on a scale of

A)410 years.
B)4100 years.
C)41,000 years.
D)410,000 years.

Question 5

What is the great risk of warming to tropical marine species?

A)reduced growing season
B)reduced water availability
C)less variable precipitation
D)Most species live near their thermal maximum.

Question 6

Increases in temperatures have been associated with ________ in the body size of endothermic animals.

Question 7

CH₄,CFCs,and CO₂ are all considered ________ gasses.

Question 8

Plant species in the Santa Catalina Mountains have moved to higher ________ due to the effects of climate change.

Question 9

Which tree species is suffering the largest current tree mortality?

A)trembing aspen
B)jack pine
C)black spruce
D)white spruce

Question 10

Trees in the Arctic are predicted to move ________ in response to warming trends.

Question 11

Satellite-based measures of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR)can be used to estimate terrestrial ________.

Question 12

What is the main cause of sea level rise?

A)reduced summer sea ice
B)warm water expanding
C)sinking land
D)reduced snow cover

Question 13

Which part of the Earth is warming the most quickly?

A)the Arctic
B)the tropics
C)the Northern Hemisphere
D)All parts of the Earth are warming equally.

Question 14

Which region has seen the largest increase in ectotherm metabolic rate?

A)Arctic
B)north temperate
C)tropical
D)south temperate

Question 15

In North America,what is the greatest risk of warming to trees?

A)reduced growing season
B)reduced water availability
C)less variable precipitation
D)Most species live near their thermal maximum.

Question 16

The timing of seasonal activities of plants and animals is called ________.

Question 17

How far has the global sea level risen over the past 100 years?

A)0 mm
B)15 mm
C)150 mm
D)15 cm

Question 18

Global change predictions are often made using general circulation ________.

Question 19

Carbon dioxide that dissolves into the ocean forms ________ acid.

Question 20

Differential changes in phenology can result in a ________ of timing between herbivores and their resource.

Question 21

According to the figure,California is predicted to have

A)reduced temperatures.
B)reduced precipitation.
C)massive increases in species richness.
D)massive decreases in species richness.

Question 22

Warming is predicted to be greatest

A)during winter months.
B)during summer months.
C)in the Southern Hemisphere.
D)in the Pacific Ocean.

Question 23

Data in this figure suggest

A)butterfly populations are declining.
B)butterfly habitat is degrading over time.
C)butterflies are moving north over time.
D)two species of butterflies are evolving over time.

Question 24

During the last 40 years,warmer-water plankton have moved

A)1° in latitude north.
B)10° in latitude north.
C)1° in latitude south.
D)10° in latitude south.

Question 25

What does this figure indicate?

A)Species abundances have dramatically declined.
B)Species richness has dramatically declined.
C)Species have moved higher in elevation over time.
D)Species have moved lower in elevation over time.

Question 26

The Network of Ecosystem Warming Studies provides evidence that as a result of climate change

A)net nitrogen mineralization has increased.
B)soil respiration has decreased.
C)plant productivity has decreased.
D)their sites have warmed by at least 7°C.

Question 27

Due to global warming what occurred in fish in the North and Celtic seas?

A)Species richness increased.
B)Species richness declined.
C)Fewer deep-water species were present.
D)Fewer shallow-water species were present.

Question 28

How are the majority tree species responding to climate change in terms of distribution?

A)moving north
B)moving south
C)contracting in range
D)no change in distribution

Question 29

What is a GCM?

A)general climate model
B)geographic climate model
C)general circulation model
D)geothermal climate model

Question 30

Plant species in California's Santa Rosa Mountains are seen to be

A)moving southward.
B)growing larger in size.
C)moving to higher elevation.
D)unaffected by climate change.

Question 31

In some regions,butterflies are emerging earlier than the flowering of herbaceous plants.This is an issue because

A)butterflies rely on the flowers for food.
B)butterflies rely on the flowers for shelter.
C)butterflies rely on the flowers to deposit eggs.
D)herbaceous plants rely on butterflies for food.

Question 32

Why is the Arctic fox declining in numbers?

A)Red fox are outcompeting them as they expand north.
B)Resource availability is lacking.
C)They are up against their thermal maximum with increased global temperatures.
D)Melting ice reduces suitable habitat.

Question 33

The International Tundra Experiment provides evidence that

A)the Arctic has risen in temperature by 1-3°C.
B)species diversity will increase in the Arctic due to climate change.
C)shrubs in the Arctic will have decreased height due to climate change.
D)there will be less cover by lichens and mosses due to climate change.

Question 34

In which group of organisms has the timing of spring events changed the most in response to climate change?

A)birds
B)butterflies
C)amphibians
D)trees

Question 35

Overall,what is the net trend of NPP due to climate change?

A)It is increasing.
B)It is decreasing.
C)It is not affected.
D)It is decreasing currently,but will soon begin to increase.

Question 36

Which part of the globe is responsible for the largest increase in NPP?

A)the Arctic
B)the United States
C)the Amazon rain forest
D)North Africa

Question 37

Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

A)N₂O
B)CO₂
C)CH₄
D)N₂

Question 38

How has climate change altered the mountain pine beetle?

A)They are being outcompeted by the prairie pine beetle.
B)They now have two generations per year.
C)They have decreased the average elevation of their distribution.
D)Their abundance has increased through lack of predators due to mismatched phenology.

Question 39

According to the figure,which area is seen as exhibiting only increases in NPP due to climate change?

A)South America
B)Africa
C)Australia
D)Western Europe

Question 40

What does the figure show regarding the emergence of caribou calves and their forage?

A)Calves and forage are emerging earlier.
B)Calves are emerging earlier but forage is not.
C)Forage is emerging earlier but calves are not.
D)Forage and calves are emerging later.

Question 41

Change in temperature has been the greatest in the tropics.

Question 42

There are no long-term data to support the idea that the community structure of aquatic species has changed due to climate change.

Question 43

By the end of this century,it is estimated that the emission of CO₂ will be double that of preindustrial levels.

Question 44

Which of the following would contribute to a negative feedback loop that would reduce atmospheric CO₂?

A)increased terrestrial NPP
B)decreased terrestrial NPP
C)increased CO₂ emissions
D)decreased oceanic NPP

Question 45

Changes in climate have mostly delayed the spring behaviors of plants and animals.

Question 46

What is the bioclimatic envelope model approach also known as?

A)forest inventory and analysis
B)general circulation model
C)ecological niche model
D)net ecosystem productivity model

Question 47

Current methodologies and understanding allow us to make precise predictions regarding the impacts of climate change on the current abundance and distribution of species.

Question 48

What percentage of carbon emissions remain in the atmosphere?

A)5 percent
B)15 percent
C)50 percent
D)90 percent

Question 49

The formation of carbonic acid in the oceans directly results in

A)increased sea surface temperatures.
B)inhibition of shell growth in marine animals.
C)increased marine biodiversity.
D)increased pH.

Question 50

The current warming trend on the Earth is due solely to natural fluctuations.

Question 51

The "wobble" of the Earth's tilt is responsible for previous ice ages.

Question 52

According to the figure most of the South in the United States is predicted to have

A)large increases in bird and mammal richness.
B)large decreases in bird and mammal richness.
C)no effect in bird and mammal richness.
D)no effect in bird but large decreases in mammal richness.

Question 53

There is currently a drying trend due to global warming in the Southern Hemisphere.

Question 54

Herbivores are tracking phenological changes in their resource in response to climate change.

Question 55

Changes in climate have shifted the distribution of most species farther north.