Deck 4: Chemical Bonding-Understanding Climate Change

Question 1

Which of the following requires the smallest energy to separate the ions?

A)CaF₂
B)KF
C)NaF
D)MgF₂
E)LiF

Answer 1

KF

Question 2

You create a new and unique ionic compound composed of +4 cations and -1 anions.Which of the following statements is false about your compound?

A)The cations and anions must arrange themselves to minimize repulsions between ions with like charges.
B)There must be four times as many anions as cations in the crystal lattice.
C)Each cation must touch four anions.
D)The cation is probably significantly smaller than the anion,and this impacts the crystal structure.
E)The electrostatic potential energy is probably quite large and negative.

Answer 2

Each cation must touch four anions.

Question 3

Which of the following statements regarding covalent bonds is NOT true?

A)Electrons in a single covalent bond are mutually attracted to two nuclei.
B)The average bond length is the distance between the nuclei when the energy is at a minimum.
C)The energy of the interaction between two neutral atoms continuously decreases as their separation decreases.
D)The covalently bonded atoms are at a lower energy than the separated atoms.
E)Electron-nucleus attractions must overcome electron-electron and nucleus-nucleus repulsions.

Answer 3

The energy of the interaction between two neutral atoms continuously decreases as their separation decreases.

Question 4

When an ionic compound melts,the structure of the crystal lattice breaks down and the ions must be able to slip past each other.Using electrostatic potential energy as a guide,which listing of ionic compounds is in order of increasing melting point?

A)AlF₃ < MgF₂ < NaF
B)MgF₂ < NaF < AlF₃
C)NaF < MgF₂ < AlF₃
D)AlF₃ < NaF < MgF₂
E)NaF < AlF₃ < MgF₂

Question 5

A covalent bond results when __________

A)electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom.
B)atoms pool their electrons to form a "sea" of electrons.
C)atoms have outer electrons with the same principal quantum number.
D)electrons are shared between a pair of atoms.
E)an atom has 8 valence electrons.

Question 6

Which one of the ionic compounds below would you expect to have the largest (most negative)lattice energy?

A)MgO
B)CaO
C)SrO
D)BaO
E)BeO

Question 7

Which of the following statements regarding bond strength and length is true?

A)Energy is released when bonded atoms separate.
B)The length of a bond is the distance between two atoms when the potential energy of attraction between them is zero.
C)Bond strength increases as the distance between two atoms decreases.
D)When multiple pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms,bond strength decreases due to electron repulsions.
E)The length of a bond is generally inversely proportional to its strength.

Question 8

Coulomb's law states that the interaction energy between ions depends __________

A)only on the ionic charges.
B)only on the distance between the ions.
C)directly on both the ionic charges and the distance between the ions.
D)on the temperature.
E)directly on the ionic charges and inversely on the distance between the ions.

Question 9

Which of the following will have the largest (most negative)lattice energy?

A)NaF
B)NaCl
C)NaBr
D)NaI
E)CsCl

Question 10

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Ionic bonds are typically formed when metal and nonmetal atoms interact.
B)The attraction between ions is primarily electrostatic.
C)Larger ions typically form stronger ionic bonds than smaller ions.
D)Ionic bond strength depends primarily on the radii and charges of the ions.
E)As ion charge increases,ionic bond strength increases.

Question 11

Which one of the ionic compounds below would you expect to have the smallest (least negative)lattice energy?

A)MgCl₂
B)CaCl₂
C)AlCl₃
D)MgI₂
E)CaI₂

Question 12

Which of the following statements regarding ionic compounds is NOT correct?

A)The net charge of an ionic compound is zero.
B)Oppositely charged ions collect together in part because isolated ions are not stable.
C)The energy associated with an ionic bond is a form of electrostatic potential energy.
D)Ions are held together by shared pairs of electrons.
E)Oppositely charged ions arrange themselves to minimize repulsions and maximize attractions.

Question 13

Which of the following ranks the compounds from lowest to highest lattice energy?

A)NaF < MgF₂ < CaF₂ < KF
B)KF < NaF < CaF₂ < MgF₂
C)MgF₂ < CaF₂ < NaF < KF
D)CaF₂ < KF < NaF < MgF₂
E)MgF₂ < CaF₂ < KF < NaF

Question 14

Calculate the electrostatic potential energy in kJ/mol of the ionic bond between an aluminum ion (67.5 pm radius)and a nitride ion (182 pm radius)in AlN.

A)-5020 kJ/mol
B)-3350 kJ/mol
C)-1670 kJ/mol
D)-558 kJ/mol
E)-1050 kJ/mol

Question 15

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Lattice energy reflects the amount of energy released when gas-phase ions combine to form a crystalline ionic lattice.
B)The energy of the ions in the solid ionic lattice is higher than that of the gas-phase ions.
C)Larger ions typically produce lattice energies that are smaller in magnitude.
D)As charge increases,the magnitude of the lattice energy increases.
E)The interaction of oppositely charged ions stabilizes the crystalline solid.

Question 16

Calculate the electrostatic potential energy in J of the interaction of one magnesium ion (86 pm radius)and one bromide ion (182 pm radius)in magnesium bromide.

A)-5.1 $\times$ 10^-19 J
B)-1.0 $\times$ 10^-18 J
C)-1.3 $\times$ 10^-18 J
D)-8.6 $\times$ 10^-19 J
E)-1.7 $\times$ 10^-18 J

Question 17

Which of the following statements regarding bonding is NOT correct?

A)A single type of atom cannot form more than one kind of chemical bond.
B)The energy of separated atoms usually decreases when stable chemical compounds form.
C)Most compounds are more stable than the free elements that make them up.
D)The strength of a bond depends on the identities of the atoms involved.
E)Some atoms form different numbers of chemical bonds (exhibit more than one valency).

Question 18

Which of the following will require the greatest energy input to separate the ions?

A)MgI₂
B)MgF₂
C)MgCl₂
D)MgBr₂
E)NaCl

Question 19

Which one of the ionic compounds below would you expect to have the smallest (least negative)lattice energy?

A)MgBr₂
B)CaBr₂
C)CaO
D)BaBr₂
E)BaO

Question 20

When an ionic compound melts,the structure of the crystal lattice breaks down and the ions must be able to slip past each other.Using electrostatic potential energy as a guide,identify the compound with the highest melting point.

A)NaF
B)KF
C)RbCl
D)ScF₃
E)NaCl

Question 21

Which type of bonding involves the sharing of valence electrons by two atoms?

A)covalent
B)ionic
C)polar ionic
D)intramolecular
E)metallic

Question 22

Which one of the following is an ionic compound?

A)SO₂
B)ClO₂
C)H₂O
D)CaO
E)CO₂

Question 23

What is the proper name for Co₂(CO₃)₃?

A)cobalt tricarbonate
B)cobalt carbonate
C)cobalt oxycarbon
D)cobalt(III)carbonate
E)cobalt(III)carboxide

Question 24

Which of the following is probably a good conductor of electricity?

A)S₈
B)CuNi
C)ScI₃
D)K₂O
E)XeF₄

Question 25

The proper name for Cr₂S₃ is __________

A)chromium(III)sulfide.
B)chromium(II)trisulfide.
C)chromium sulfide.
D)dichromium trisulfide.
E)chromium(III)trisulfide.

Question 26

Radium often is found in uranium ores and can be separated from solutions by precipitation as radium sulfate.What is the formula for radium sulfate?

A)RnSO₄
B)RaSO₄
C)Rn₂SO₃
D)Ra₂SO₄
E)Ra(SO₄)₂

Question 27

Manganese(IV)oxide is a brown insoluble solid often found as a product of reactions of potassium permanganate.What is the formula of manganese(IV)oxide?

A)Mn₄O
B)MnO₄
C)MnO₂
D)Mn(IV)O
E)Mn₂O₂

Question 28

What is the correct name for FeCl₃?

A)iron(III)chloride
B)iron trichloride
C)ferrum trichloride
D)ferric(III)trichloride
E)iron chloride

Question 29

What is the formula for tin(IV)fluoride?

A)SnF
B)SnF₂
C)Sn₄F
D)SnF₄
E)Sn₄F₄

Question 30

TiO₂ is a white oxide used in paints.What is the proper name for TiO₂?

A)titanium oxide
B)titanium(IV)oxide
C)titanic acid
D)titanium oxoate
E)titanium(IV)dioxide

Question 31

Metals are good conductors of electricity because __________

A)they are easily ionized.
B)their valence electrons are not localized.
C)they are easily reduced and oxidized.
D)they can be drawn into wires.
E)they are ductile.

Question 32

Zinc oxide is found in ointments for the skin.What formula best describes this compound?

A)ZnO
B)Zn₂O
C)ZnO₂
D)Zn₂O₂
E)Zn₂O₃

Question 33

Identify the binary compound that has ionic bonding.

A)H₂O
B)NO
C)LiF
D)CH₄
E)HCl

Question 34

What is the formula for sodium bromide?

A)SBr
B)NaBr
C)Na₂Br
D)NaBrO
E)NaBr₂

Question 35

Which of the following is most likely to exhibit covalent bonding?

A)NaF
B)CaCl₂
C)Cs₂O
D)CO₂
E)NaCl

Question 36

Active metals often form a protective oxide surface film that prevents further reaction of the metal with oxygen in the air.Which one of the following formulas for the metal oxide is NOT correct?

A)Al₂O₃ is aluminum oxide.
B)Fe₂O₃ is iron(III)oxide.
C)Na₂O is sodium oxide.
D)MgO₂ is magnesium oxide.
E)FeO is iron(II)oxide.

Question 37

Bonding in metals is best described as __________

A)a transfer of electrons between many atoms.
B)a network of covalent bonds.
C)a sea of pooled electrons.
D)highly directional and localized.
E)completely electrostatic.

Question 38

On April 19,1995,the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City was destroyed-killing 168 people-by a simple,but powerful,bomb made from 4800 lb of ammonium nitrate.What is the formula for ammonium nitrate?

A)Am(NO₃)₂
B)Am(NO₃)
C)NH₄NO₃
D)NH₄(NO₃)₂
E)(NH₄)₂NO₃

Question 39

You create a new bismuth compound.Which of the following statements is probably true about your compound?

A)It is probably ionic and bismuth probably has a +3 charge.
B)It is probably ionic and bismuth probably has a -3 charge.
C)The potential energy between the atoms (or ions)will be positive because bismuth is so large.
D)It is probably covalent because bismuth is a column VA nonmetal.
E)Bismuth does not form any stable compounds because it is radioactive.

Question 40

Which one of the following is a molecular (covalent)compound?

A)Na₂O
B)CaO
C)FeO
D)CCl₄
E)Fe₂O₃

Question 41

Which of the following is the correct formula for hydroiodic acid?

A)HIO
B)HI
C)HIO₃
D)H₂I
E)HI₂

Question 42

How many valence electrons are contained in the Lewis structure of CO⁺?

A)10
B)11
C)9
D)8
E)14

Question 43

Which of the following is the correct formula for potassium perchlorate?

A)KCl
B)KClO
C)KClO₂
D)KClO₃
E)KClO₄

Question 44

Which of the following gives the condensed structural formula of the characteristic functional group of carboxylic acids?

A)-CHO
B)-COH₂
C)-CO₂
D)-COH
E)-COOH

Question 45

Buffer solutions that maintain certain levels of pH or acidity are widely used in biochemical experiments.One common buffer system uses sodium dihydrogenphosphate and sodium monohydrogenphosphate.What are the formulas of these two compounds?

A)Na(HPO₄)and Na(HPO₄)₂
B)NaH₂PO₄ and Na₂HPO₄
C)Na₂H₂PO₄ and NaHPO₄
D)NaPO₄ and NaHPO₄

Question 46

Which one of the following formula-name combinations is NOT correct?

A)sulfur monoxide: SO
B)sulfur dioxide: SO₂
C)sulfur trioxide: SO₃
D)disulfur monoxide: S₂O
E)heptasulfur oxide: S₆O

Question 47

Name the following oxides of nitrogen in this sequence: NO,N₂O,NO₂,N₂O₄.

A)nitrogen monoxide,dinitrogen monoxide,nitrogen dioxide,dinitrogen tetroxide
B)nitrox,dinitrox,nitridiox,dinitritriox
C)mononitrogen monoxide,dinitrogen monoxide,mononitrogen dioxide,dinitrogen tetraoxide
D)nitrogen oxide,nitrogen(II)oxide,nitrogen oxide(II),nitrogen(II)oxide(IV)
E)nitric oxide,nitrous oxide,nitrogen dioxide,nitrogen tetraoxide

Question 48

How many valence electrons are in the Lewis structure of HCl?

A)8
B)7
C)6
D)2
E)4

Question 49

Which ion cannot be considered to have 8 valence electrons?

A)H^-
B)Na⁺
C)Al³⁺
D)P^3-
E)Ar

Question 50

Which of the following regarding Lewis dot symbols,Lewis structures,and the octet rule is false?

A)The number of unpaired dots shows the typical bonding capacity of an atom.
B)Atoms tend to gain,lose,or share electrons in order to attain eight valence electrons.
C)There are some atoms that do not obey the octet rule.
D)A molecule cannot have an odd number of valence electrons.
E)Lewis dot structures can be written for atoms and for ions.

Question 51

How many valence electrons does S^2- have?

A)8
B)6
C)16
D)4
E)14

Question 52

How many valence electrons are in the Lewis structure of BrO^-?

A)7
B)6
C)13
D)14
E)18

Question 53

How many valence electrons does aluminum have?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)11
E)13

Question 54

Which of the following ions does NOT have either an empty valence shell or a complete valence-shell octet?

A)Al³⁺
B)I^-
C)Ca²⁺
D)Pb²⁺
E)Se^2-

Question 55

Sodium nitrite,which is used in meat processing,has been implicated as a possible health hazard because it can react with amines present in meat to form trace quantities of carcinogenic nitrosamines.What is the formula of sodium nitrite?

A)SNO
B)NaNO₂
C)NaNO₃
D)Na₂NO₄
E)Na₂NO₂

Question 56

Which of the following is the correct formula for chloric acid?

A)HCl
B)HClO
C)HClO₂
D)HClO₃
E)HClO₄

Question 57

When H₂S gas is dissolved in water,what is the name of the resulting binary acid?

A)hydrogen sulfuric acid
B)sulfuric acid
C)hydrosulfuric acid
D)bihydrosulfuric acid
E)hydrosulfic acid

Question 58

Which of the following elements has 6 valence electrons?

A)C
B)S
C)N
D)Br
E)Be

Question 59

Aqua regia is a mixture of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid that is capable of dissolving gold.What are the formulas of these acids?

A)HClO,HNO₄
B)HClO₄,HNO₃
C)HCl,HNO₂
D)HCl,HNO₃
E)HCl,HNO

Question 60

What is the correct name of H₃PO₄?

A)phosphoric acid
B)phosphorus acid
C)hydrophosphoric acid
D)Hydrophosphoric acid
E)hydrogen oxyphosphorus acid

Question 61

You synthesize a new radon compound in which the central radon atom is bonded to four fluorine atoms and two oxygen atoms.How many valence electrons does its Lewis structure contain?

A)48
B)32
C)28
D)12
E)8

Question 62

How many shared electron pairs are there in the Lewis structure of OF₂?

A)6
B)4
C)3
D)2
E)1

Question 63

How many shared electrons are there in the Lewis structure of SbF₃?

A)3
B)6
C)4
D)8
E)10

Question 64

Which of the following is the correct Lewis symbol for the oxide anion (O^2-)?

A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)none of these is correct

Question 65

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.Which of the following is the correct Lewis structure for carbon dioxide?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)none of these is correct

Question 66

Which of the following statements regarding the Lewis structure of atoms and ions is NOT true?

A)Charges on ions must be explicitly shown.
B)A magnesium ion with a +2 charge has no electron dots shown.
C)A neutral oxygen atom has two pairs of electron dots and two unpaired dots shown.
D)The chloride ion with a -1 charge has eight valence electrons dots shown.
E)The sodium ion has eight valence electron dots shown.

Question 67

Which of the following has 13 valence electrons in its Lewis structure?

A)SH^-
B)IO
C)NO
D)ICl
E)Cl₂

Question 68

How many shared electron pairs are there in the Lewis structure of C₂H₄Cl₂?

A)12
B)11
C)8
D)7
E)5

Question 69

How many valence electrons are there in a correctly drawn Lewis structure for formamide,HCONH₂?

A)12
B)14
C)16
D)18
E)20

Question 70

Which one of the following Lewis symbols is correct?

A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)none of these is correct

Question 71

Hydrogen can have at most __________ electrons in its valence shell.

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)4
E)8

Question 72

How many shared electrons are there in the Lewis structure of H₂O₂?

A)3
B)6
C)8
D)10
E)12

Question 73

How many shared electrons are there in the Lewis structure of HCN?

A)4
B)6
C)8
D)10
E)12

Question 74

Which of the following molecular ions has 3 valence electrons in its Lewis structure?

A)H₂⁺
B)He₂⁺
C)C₂⁺
D)B₂⁺
E)O₂^-

Question 75

How many covalent bonds are there in HS^-?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)0
E)4

Question 76

Based on its Lewis dot structure and the octet rule,which of the following has the highest bonding capacity when paired with another nonmetal?

A)F
B)H
C)O
D)N
E)C

Question 77

Which of the following information is NOT shown in Lewis structures of molecules?

A)how atoms are arranged in space
B)the number of bonding pairs of electrons between atoms
C)nonbonding electrons on atoms
D)the order in which atoms are linked
E)the number of valence electrons in the molecule

Question 78

Which of the following has the most valence electrons in its Lewis structure?

A)HF
B)NS
C)CN^-
D)ArF⁺
E)ArF

Question 79

How many bonding electron pairs are there in the Lewis structure of BCl₃?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)6

Question 80

How many shared electron pairs are there in the Lewis structure of CH₃SH?

A)3
B)4
C)5
D)6
E)8