Deck 2: Atoms, ions, and Compounds

Question 1

What is the correct symbol for a $\beta$ ^- particle?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Answer 1

Question 2

Which subatomic particles have opposite charges?

A)protons and neutrons
B)protons and electrons
C)neutrons and electrons
D)all protons
E)all neutrons

Answer 2

protons and electrons

Question 3

A baseball has a diameter of approximately 7.4 cm (2.9 inches),whereas a carbon atom has a diameter of about 140 pm.How many times larger is the baseball than the carbon atom?

A)5.3 $\times$ 10¹²
B)5.3 $\times$ 10¹⁰
C)5.3 $\times$ 10⁸
D)5.3 $\times$ 10⁶
E)5.3 $\times$ 10³

Answer 3

5.3 $\times$ 10⁸

Question 4

The diameter of a carbon atom is approximately 140 pm,whereas the diameter of a pencil lead is approximately 0.7 mm.How many carbon nuclei would be required to span 0.70 mm? The radius of the nucleus is approximately 10,000 times smaller than the radius of an atom.

A)5 $\times$ 10⁹ nuclei
B)5 $\times$ 10¹⁰ nuclei
C)5 $\times$ 10¹² nuclei
D)5 $\times$ 10¹³ nuclei
E)5 $\times$ 10¹⁵ nuclei

Question 5

Who discovered neutrons?

A)Henri Becquerel
B)Robert Millikan
C)Joseph John Thomson
D)John Dalton
E)James Chadwick

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true regarding Thomson's cathode ray experiment and the discovery of electrons?

A)Radioactivity was also discovered.
B)Magnetic fields deflected cathode rays but electric fields did not.
C)Cathode rays were split into two beams by magnetic fields.
D)The charge of the electron was determined.
E)The mass-to-charge ratio of the electron was determined.

Question 7

What are cathode rays?

A)electrons
B)protons
C)neutrons
D)alpha particles
E)X-rays

Question 8

What is the correct symbol for an $\alpha$ particle?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 9

Which statement regarding Millikan's oil drop experiment is true?

A)X-rays removed electrons from fine oil droplets to produce cations.
B)The rate at which charged oil droplets fell in an adjustable magnetic field was related to the charge on an electron.
C)The rate at which charged oil droplets fell in an adjustable electric field was related to the charge on an electron.
D)The rate at which ionized N₂ and O₂ molecules fell between electrically charged metal plates was related to charge on an electron.
E)Electrons were found to have either a positive or negative charge depending on how they were generated.

Question 10

If the nucleus of an atom had a diameter of 1 cm (roughly that of a dime),what would be the approximate diameter of the atom? The radius of the nucleus is approximately 10,000 times smaller than the radius of an atom.

A)1000 km
B)10 km
C)1000 m
D)100 m
E)1 m

Question 11

If the nucleus of an atom has a radius of about 5 fm and a mass of about 2 $\times$ 10^-21 g,what is its approximate density? (Volume of a sphere = 4 $\pi$ r³/3)

A)4 $\times$ 10¹⁵ g/cm³
B)4 $\times$ 10¹² g/cm³
C)4 $\times$ 10⁹ g/cm³
D)4 $\times$ 10⁶ g/cm³
E)4 $\times$ 10³ g/cm³

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT true regarding cations and anions?

A)N^3- represents a nitrogen atom that has gained three electrons.
B)An oxygen molecule can lose an electron to form O₂^-.
C)Ca²⁺ represents a calcium atom that has lost two electrons.
D)The formation of a chlorine anion can be written as Cl + e^- $\rightarrow$ Cl^-.
E)N₂ $\rightarrow$ N₂⁺ + e^-describes a nitrogen molecule forming a +1 cation.

Question 13

What is the correct symbol for an electron?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 14

If the diameter of a carbon atom is approximately 140 pm,how many carbon atoms lined up side to side would span a pencil lead with a diameter of about 0.7 mm?

A)5 $\times$ 10¹ atoms
B)5 $\times$ 10³ atoms
C)5 $\times$ 10⁵ atoms
D)5 $\times$ 10⁶ atoms
E)5 $\times$ 10⁹ atoms

Question 15

Who was the first scientist to determine the charge of an electron?

A)Henri Becquerel
B)Robert Millikan
C)Joseph John Thomson
D)John Dalton
E)James Chadwick

Question 16

Which subatomic particles have approximately equal masses?

A)protons and neutrons
B)protons and electrons
C)neutrons and electrons
D)protons,neutrons,and electrons
E)none of the above

Question 17

What is the correct symbol for a proton?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 18

Which statement regarding the Geiger-Marsden experiment is false?

A)Beta particles were occasionally deflected by electrons in the gold atoms.
B)Alpha particles were occasionally deflected by small positively charged regions in the gold atoms.
C)The results suggested that the positive charge of an atom is localized in a small region.
D)The results suggested that most of the mass of an atom is contained in a small region.
E)The results suggested that the plum-pudding model of the atom was incorrect.

Question 19

Who discovered electrons?

A)Henri Becquerel
B)Robert Millikan
C)Joseph John Thomson
D)John Dalton
E)James Chadwick

Question 20

Which statement regarding Rutherford's nuclear model of the atom is false?

A)The diameter of the atom is approximately 10,000 times larger than the nucleus.
B)The nucleus is approximately 100 times smaller than the diameter of the atom.
C)The nucleus is surrounded by a diffuse cloud of electrons.
D)Electrons and protons are not mixed uniformly throughout the atom.
E)The atom is mostly empty space.

Question 21

Which of the following statements regarding the discovery of isotopes is false?

A)Positively charged ions were deflected by a combination of electric and magnetic fields.
B)Nuclides with equal charges but different masses were deflected to different degrees.
C)The amount of deflection of an ion depended on its charge.
D)An estimate of the relative abundance of the different isotopes of an element could be ascertained.
E)If nuclides had the same mass but different positive charges,the ion with the smallest charge was deflected the most.

Question 22

A ion has __________ protons,__________ neutrons,and __________ electrons.

A)55,78,54
B)55,78,55
C)55,133,54
D)54,78,55
E)54,133,55

Question 23

The atomic model that includes isotopes differs from Dalton's view of the atom.Which of the following statements is false?

A)The identity of an atom can be determined solely by its atomic number.
B)The identity of an isotope can be determined solely by its mass number.
C)Atoms of different elements may have the same mass numbers.
D)Atoms of different elements cannot contain the same number of protons.
E)The different isotopes of an element are not always equally abundant.

Question 24

Isotopes have _____________

A)the same atomic mass.
B)the same total number of protons and neutrons.
C)the same number of neutrons but a different number of protons.
D)the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
E)the same number of protons but different numbers of electrons.

Question 25

What is the correct symbol for a neutron?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 26

Nuclei with certain numbers of protons and neutrons (or combinations thereof)appear to be more stable than others."Magic numbers" that are consistent with known nuclides are 2,8,20,28,50,82,and 126,with 180 and 306 being hypothesized as the next in the series.Using this information,along with your knowledge of atoms and isotopes,you try to synthesize a new atom (symbol X)based on stable combinations of nucleons.Which do you think is a likely candidate?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 27

A atom has __________ protons,__________ neutrons,and __________ electrons.

A)17,18,17
B)17,35,17
C)35,17,17
D)18,35,17
E)18,17,18

Question 28

Identify the atom or ion: i)___________; ii)___________; and iii)___________.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 29

A strontium-90 atom that has a lost two electrons has __________ protons,__________ neutrons,and __________ electrons.

A)38,90,36
B)38,52,40
C)38,52,36
D)38,90,40
E)90,38,88

Question 30

Which two elements would you expect to show the most similar behavior?

A)Se and Br
B)B and C
C)Li and Be
D)Sn and Bi
E)Ca and Sr

Question 31

The nucleus is an example of __________

A)a nuclide.
B)an element.
C)a proton.
D)a neutron.
E)a nucleon.

Question 32

Cm is the symbol for __________

A)cerium.
B)chromium.
C)calcium.
D)curium.
E)cesium.

Question 33

What is the symbol for sulfur?

A)Si
B)Sc
C)Su
D)S
E)Sf

Question 34

A ion has __________ protons,__________ neutrons,and __________ electrons.

A)8,8,6
B)8,10,10
C)8,8,10
D)8,8,8
E)8,16,8

Question 35

A phosphorus-31 atom has __________ protons,__________ neutrons,and __________ electrons.

A)31,31,31
B)15,16,16
C)15,31,15
D)15,16,15
E)16,15,15

Question 36

What is the nuclide symbol for the atom that has an atomic number equal to the number of electrons in and a neutron number equal to the mass number of a sodium atom containing 11 neutrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 37

Identify the atom or ion: i)___________; ii)___________; and iii)___________.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 38

What is the symbol for magnesium?

A)M
B)Mg
C)Mn
D)Mo
E)Md

Question 39

What is the nuclide symbol for the ion that has a charge of 2+,50 neutrons more than its number of protons,and an atomic number equal to the number of electrons in a zirconium atom that has lost 2 electrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 40

Protons and neutrons are examples of __________

A)nuclei.
B)nuclides.
C)nucleons.
D)isotopes.
E)charged particles.

Question 41

What is the charge on the manganese ion in MnS₂?

A)"+4"
B)"+2"
C)"+1"
D)"-1"
E)"-2"

Question 42

What is the correct formula for the compound formed between sodium and iodine based on their positions in the periodic table?

A)Na₂I
B)NaI₂
C)NaI
D)Na₂I₂
E)Na₃I

Question 43

Zinc oxide,a combination of zinc and oxygen,is found in skin ointments.What formula best describes this compound?

A)ZnO
B)Zn₂O
C)ZnO₂
D)Zn₂O₂
E)Zn₂O₃

Question 44

Which element forms ionic compounds with the formula XBr₂?

A)sodium
B)aluminum
C)lithium
D)calcium
E)carbon

Question 45

Elements in group 17 (VIIA)are called __________

A)alkali metals.
B)pnictogens.
C)alkaline earth metal.
D)halogens.
E)chalcogens.

Question 46

What is the formula for the ionic compound formed when calcium and bromine combine?

A)CBr
B)CaBr₂
C)Ca₂Br
D)CaBrO
E)CaB₂

Question 47

What is the charge on the thallium ion in Tl₂O₃?

A)"+1"
B)"+2"
C)"+3"
D)"-3"
E)"-1"

Question 48

Which element forms an ionic compound with nitrogen that has the formula XN?

A)tin
B)aluminum
C)lithium
D)calcium
E)potassium

Question 49

The sixth period of the periodic table contains __________ elements.

A)18
B)32
C)24
D)16
E)8

Question 50

You synthesize a superheavy atom that fits into the periodic table below radium.If it were to form an ion,what ionic charge would you predict?

A)"+2"
B)"+1"
C)"-1"
D)"-2"
E)"0 (unlikely to form an ion)"

Question 51

What is the charge on the iron ion in FeCl₃?

A)"-3"
B)"+3"
C)"-1"
D)"+1"
E)"0"

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT a common ion?

A)Rb⁺
B)S^2-
C)Al³⁺
D)I^-
E)Ba⁺

Question 53

Active metals often react with oxygen in air to form a protective surface film that prevents further reaction.Which one of the following formulas for a metal-oxygen combination is NOT correct?

A)Al₂O₃
B)Fe₂O₃
C)Na₂O
D)MgO₂
E)MnO

Question 54

Elements 21 through 30 are known as __________

A)alkaline earths.
B)chalcogens.
C)halides.
D)transition metals.
E)rare earths.

Question 55

Elements in group 18 (VIIIA)are called __________

A)alkali metals.
B)noble gases.
C)alkaline earth metals.
D)halogens.
E)chalcogens.

Question 56

Which of the following is an alkali metal?

A)K
B)Mg
C)Al
D)Cu
E)Ca

Question 57

Which element forms an ionic compound with the formula Na₂X?

A)magnesium
B)carbon
C)iodine
D)phosphorus
E)sulfur

Question 58

In what ratio will alkaline earth metals pair with halogens when they form ionic compounds?

A)3:1
B)2:1
C)1:1
D)1:2
E)1:3

Question 59

Calcium is an example of __________

A)an alkali metal.
B)a transition metal.
C)an alkaline earth metal.
D)a halogen.
E)a chalcogen.

Question 60

What ion would you predict element 118 would form?

A)"+2"
B)"+1"
C)"-1"
D)"-2"
E)"0 (unlikely to form an ion)"

Question 61

Silicon is best described as a __________

A)metalloid.
B)metal.
C)transition metal.
D)noble gas.
E)nonmetal.

Question 62

Rubidium has two naturally occurring isotopes,⁸⁵Rb (84.912 amu)and ⁸⁷Rb (86.909 amu).Rubidium-85 is the more abundant isotope (72.17%).Calculate the average atomic mass of Rb.

A)86.91 amu
B)85.47 amu
C)85.91 amu
D)86.35 amu
E)86.00 amu

Question 63

The average atomic mass of silver is 107.868 amu.Silver has two naturally occurring isotopes, ¹⁰⁷Ag (106.905 amu,51.839%)and ¹⁰⁹Ag.What is the isotopic mass of ¹⁰⁹Ag?

A)109.11 amu
B)108.89 amu
C)108.52 amu
D)108.91 amu
E)108.48 amu

Question 64

Oxygen is best described as a __________

A)metalloid.
B)metal.
C)transition metal.
D)noble gas.
E)nonmetal.

Question 65

Which characteristic would you expect indium NOT to exhibit?

A)shiny luster
B)electrically insulating
C)malleable
D)a +3 ionic charge
E)solid at room temperature

Question 66

For each of the elements below,there are only two naturally occurring isotopes.Using the atomic masses on the periodic table,identify the pair in which the lighter isotope is the more abundant one.

A)"⁶Li and ⁷Li"
B)"⁷⁹Br and ⁸¹Br"
C)"¹⁰B and ¹¹B"
D)"¹²¹Sb and ¹²³Sb"
E)"⁵⁰V and ⁵¹V"

Question 67

The average atomic mass of lithium is 6.941 amu.Lithium has two naturally occurring isotopes,⁶Li (7.52%)and ⁷Li (92.48%).The mass of ⁶Li is 6.0151 amu.What is the isotopic mass of ⁷Li?

A)7.016 amu
B)0.926 amu
C)6.001 amu
D)7.000 amu
E)6.941 amu

Question 68

One isotope makes up 97% of all calcium atoms.Which one?

A)"⁴⁰Ca"
B)"⁴²Ca"
C)"⁴³Ca"
D)"⁴⁴Ca"
E)"⁴⁸Ca"

Question 69

For each of the elements below,there are only two naturally occurring isotopes.Using the atomic masses on the periodic table,identify the pair in which the heavier isotope is the more abundant one.

A)"⁶³Cu and ⁶⁵Cu"
B)"⁸⁵Rb and ⁸⁷Rb"
C)"¹⁰B and ¹¹B"
D)"⁷⁹Br and ⁸¹Br"
E)"¹⁴N and ¹⁵N"

Question 70

Sodium is best described as a __________

A)metalloid.
B)metal.
C)transition metal.
D)noble gas.
E)nonmetal.

Question 71

Which halogen is radioactive?

A)astatine
B)polonium
C)iodine
D)tellurium
E)bismuth

Question 72

What is the name of the halogen in period five?

A)selenium
B)tellurium
C)bromine
D)iodine
E)antimony

Question 73

Identify the element based on the following values for its three isotopes: 38.9637 amu (93.08%), 39.9640 amu (0.012%),and 40.9618 amu (6.91%).

A)K
B)Cl
C)S
D)Ar
E)Ca

Question 74

You create a superheavy atom with an atomic number of 120.To which category does it belong?

A)halogens
B)actinides
C)transition metals
D)alkali metals
E)alkaline earth metals

Question 75

What is the name of the metalloid in period four that is in the same family as nitrogen?

A)bismuth
B)antimony
C)arsenic
D)carbon
E)selenium

Question 76

Gallium has two naturally occurring isotopes with the following masses and natural abundances.Calculate the average atomic mass of Ga. ⁶⁹Ga 68.9256 amu 60.108%
⁷¹Ga 70.9247 amu 39.892%

A)69.925 amu
B)70.127 amu
C)70.000 amu
D)69.824 amu
E)69.723 amu

Question 77

You create a superheavy atom with an atomic number of 120.What is probably true about that element?

A)It is probably a gas.
B)It is probably a metalloid.
C)It is probably nonmetallic.
D)It is probably metallic.
E)It probably forms a stable +1 cation.

Question 78

The average atomic mass of nickel is 58.693 amu.Given the data in the following table,what is the natural abundance of nickel-64?

A)92.56%
B)9.256%
C)7.440%
D)0.9256%
E)0.7440%

Question 79

Cobalt is best described as a __________

A)metalloid.
B)transition metal.
C)chalcogen.
D)noble gas.
E)nonmetal.

Question 80

Identify the element based on the following values for its five isotopes: 179.947 amu (0.12%), 181.948 amu (26.50%),182.950 amu (14.31%),183.951 amu (30.64%),and 185.954 amu (28.43%).

A)Ir
B)Os
C)Re
D)Ta
E)W