Deck 30: European and American Art, 1715-1840

Question 1

In Angelika Kauffman's Cornelia Pointing to Her Children as Her Treasures (Fig. 30-28), how does the mother depict Classical virtues?

A) She expresses interest in material wealth.
B) She shows frustration with her children.
C) She gestures to the monumental architecture.
D) She stands gracefully in a tranquil setting.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

How do the landscape paintings of John Constable evoke themes of Romanticism in art?

A) the heightened drama of the scene
B) the nostalgic emphasis on nature as idyllic
C) the reference to the philosophical "sublime"
D) the inclusion of exotic details

Answer 2

B

Question 3

How did French artist Jacques-Louis David incorporate ideas of Grand Manner painting into his depiction of Napoleon Crossing the Saint Bernard (Fig. 30-49)?

A) He represented subjects in Classical settings and costumes.
B) He used artistic license to suggest heroic qualities.
C) He adhered to models for history painting established in England.
D) He showed the figure's control over the environment.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In the eighteenth century, the Industrial Revolution replaced the land-based power of the aristocracy with

A) the financial power of capitalists.
B) the religious power of the Church.
C) the political power of the laity.
D) the social power of philosophers

Question 5

A common thread that connected Romantic artists was

A) the belief in the necessity of the Grand Tour.
B) a simplified composition and individual forms.
C) a focus on rational subjects.
D) an emphasis on expressiveness.

Question 6

Which artist was admired by Denis Diderot, an Enlightenment philosopher who thought art should inspire refined manners?

A) Fragonard
B) Blake
C) Boucher
D) Chardin

Question 7

What about Goya's Third of May, 1808 (Fig. 30-45) epitomizes Romanticism in art?

A) It is not factual.
B) It glorifies the victors.
C) It is an image of terror.
D) It is a mythological subject.

Question 8

What site became a venerated pilgrimage center in Mexico after Juan Diego claimed that he had seen the Virgin Mary there?

A) Guadalupe
B) Madrid
C) Segovia
D) Toledo

Question 9

Swiss artist John Henry Fuseli specialized in depicting dramatic subjects drawn from literary sources, including

A) the Bible
B) Erasmus
C) Chaucer
D) Shakespeare

Question 10

Cardinal Albani built the Villa Albani to

A) reflect on Enlightenment ideals.
B) display his vast collection of antique artifacts.
C) promote the Industrial Revolution.
D) house royal travelers from Northern Europe.

Question 11

What were typical architectural elements in French Rococo salon design of the 1730s?

A) cantilevers
B) arabesques
C) iron rods
D) striations

Question 12

Rosalba Carriera specialized in painting portraits with

A) ink.
B) acrylic.
C) pastels.
D) wood.

Question 13

What about Ingres's work in the early nineteenth century demonstrates the ongoing interest in Neoclassicism?

A) his erotic or aristocratic subject matter
B) his attention to color and surface textures
C) his academic line and formal structure
D) his emphasis on moral virtue and reason

Question 14

David's Death of Marat (Fig. 30-39) echoes the pose of Christ in a sculpture by

A) Reynolds.
B) Boucher.
C) Carriera.
D) Michelangelo.

Question 15

What is demonstrated in Théodore Géricault's The Raft of the Medusa (Fig. 30-51)?

A) principles of the Grand Manner
B) the emphasis on reason
C) the religious potential of art
D) influences from the Americas

Question 16

In England, what style experienced a revival accompanied by Neoclassicism?

A) Gothic
B) Roman
C) Romanesque
D) Byzantine

Question 17

What does Fragonard's The Swing (Fig. 30-6), which was commissioned by an unknown patron, suggest about the artist's aristocratic clientele?

A) devout religious practice
B) erotic interests
C) intellectual pursuits
D) scientific curiosity

Question 18

How did Benjamin Latrobe incorporate new symbolic forms in his design for the U.S. Capitol building?

A) an asymmetrical floor plan
B) Native American patterns on walls
C) representations of indigenous plants on columns
D) brick made from local clay

Question 19

What is the name for intimate, fashionable, and intellectual gatherings hosted by accomplished, educated Frenchwomen of the upper class?

A) satires
B) tours
C) salons
D) academies

Question 20

Thomas Gainsborough's style of portraiture reflects the influence of

A) Flemish artists, such as Van Dyck.
B) Reynold's concept of the Grand Manner.
C) realism found in Dutch genre painting.
D) Romantic ideas about nature.

Question 21

What are the sources for Thomas Jefferson's Monticello (Fig. 30-70)?

Question 22

Who were really only honorary members of the academies?

A) sculptors
B) foreigners
C) women
D) architects

Question 23

How did art develop in Mesoamerica in the eighteenth century?

Question 24

What was the role of art academies in the eighteenth century, and how did they influence artistic development of the period?

Question 25

How did John Singleton Copley's Watson and the Shark (Fig. 30-32) exemplify the Romantic movement?

Question 26

Neoclassicism and Romanticism are usually considered to have opposing styles. Write an essay offering examples that demonstrate the overlapping aspects of the visual characteristics, thematic interests, and cultural significance of both styles.

Question 27

What defines the Rococo style? Give an example.

Question 28

Why did Diderot encourage artists to work for the common good?

Question 29

What is the derivation of the word Rococo?

Question 30

Enlightenment thinking is marked by the conviction that.

A) all developments should have church support.
B) the aristocracy is best able to rule.
C) all should have equal rights.
D) women should have the right to vote.

Question 31

How did Sir Joshua Reynolds approach painting? Discuss his philosophies as they appear in Lady Sarah Bunbury Sacrificing to the Graces (Fig. 30-24).

Question 32

What was the impact of lithography?

Question 33

How did Neoclassical artists rebel against Rococo art?

Question 34

In 1779, what material was used in the Severn River Bridge (Fig. 30-22), which replaced the heavy, hand-cut stone voussoirs of earlier bridges?

A) iron struts
B) Classical keystones
C) decorative crenellations
D) wooden arches

Question 35

How did artists of the nineteenth century use landscape painting to convey ideas associated with Romanticism?

Question 36

How were Enlightenment ideas reflected in art of the eighteenth century? Choose examples that demonstrate the diverse range of styles used to express these interests.

Question 37

How did Joseph Wright of Derby glorify science?

Question 38

Who painted a series of entertaining scenes of scientific experiments?

A) Richard Boyle
B) Joseph Wright of Derby
C) Thomas Cole
D) Joseph Mallord William Turner

Question 39

What are the main features of the Rococo style, as seen in Jean-Antoine Watteau's The Signboard of Gersaint (Fig. 30-3)?

Question 40

What did Joseph Mallord William Turner try to capture with a mixture of fascination and fear?

A) vedute
B) salons
C) sublime
D) fête galante