Deck 1: Chemical Foundations

Question 1

Which of the following is not a unit in the SI system?

A)ampere
B)candela
C)Kelvin
D)meter
E)calorie

Answer 1

calorie

Question 2

For which pair is the SI prefix not matched correctly with its meaning?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Answer 2

Question 3

A quantitative observation

A)contains a number and a unit
B)does not contain a number
C)always makes a comparison
D)must be obtained through experimentation
E)is none of these

Answer 3

contains a number and a unit

Question 4

A chemical theory that has been known for a long time becomes a law.

Question 5

Order the four metric prefixes from smallest to largest.

A)nano- < milli- < centi- < kilo-
B)milli- < nano- < centi- < kilo-
C)kilo- < centi- < nano- < milli-
D)kilo- < centi- < milli- < nano-
E)centi- < nano- < kilo- < milli-

Question 6

The distance of 21 km equals

A) m
B) m
C) m
D) m
E) m

Question 7

You measure water in two containers: a 10-mL graduated cylinder with marks at every mL,and a 1-mL pipet marked at every 0.1 mL.If you have some water in each of the containers and add them together,to what decimal place could you report the total volume of water?

A)0.01 mL
B)0.1 mL
C)1 mL
D)10 mL
E)none of these

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a quantitative observation?

A)The piece of metal is longer than the piece of wood.
B)Solution 1 is much darker than solution 2.
C)The liquid in beaker A is blue.
D)The temperature of the liquid is 60°C.
E)At least two of the above (A-D)are quantitative observations.

Question 9

A metric unit for length is

A)gram
B)milliliter
C)yard
D)kilometer
E)pound

Question 10

Convert 0.3980 m to mm.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 11

What is the measure of resistance an object has to a change in its state of motion?

A)mass
B)weight
C)volume
D)length
E)none of these

Question 12

The statement "The total mass of materials is not affected by a chemical change in those materials" is called a(n)

A)observation
B)measurement
C)theory
D)natural law
E)experiment

Question 13

Consider the following three archery targets:
I. II. III.
Which of the following figure(s)represent a result having high precision?

A)Figure I only
B)Figure II only
C)Figure III only
D)Figure I and Figure II
E)Figure II and Figure III

Question 14

The degree of agreement among several measurements of the same quantity is called __________.It reflects the reproducibility of a given type of measurement.

A)accuracy
B)error
C)precision
D)significance
E)certainty

Question 15

As part of the calibration of a new laboratory balance,a 1.000-g mass is weighed with the following results:

The balance is:

A)Both accurate and precise.
B)Accurate but imprecise.
C)Precise but inaccurate.
D)Both inaccurate and imprecise.
E)Accuracy and precision are impossible to determine with the available information.

Question 16

Consider the following three archery targets:
I. II. III.
Which of the following is the least probable concerning five measurements taken in the lab?

A)The measurements are accurate and precise.
B)The measurements are accurate but not precise.
C)The measurements are precise but not accurate.
D)The measurements are neither accurate nor precise.
E)All of these are equally probable.

Question 17

Which of the following metric relationships is incorrect?

A)1 microliter = 10^-6 liters
B)1 gram = 10³ kilograms
C)10³ milliliters = 1 liter
D)1 gram = 10² centigrams
E)10 decimeters = 1 meter

Question 18

The agreement of a particular value with the true value is called

A)accuracy
B)error
C)precision
D)significance
E)certainty

Question 19

Generally,observed behavior that can be formulated into a statement,sometimes mathematical in nature,is called a(n)

A)observation
B)measurement
C)theory
D)natural law
E)experiment

Question 20

Consider the following three archery targets:
I. II. III.
Which of the following statements concerning these figures is correct?

A)Figure I represents systematic error and Figure II represents random error.
B)Figure I represents random error and Figure II represents systematic error.
C)Figure I and Figure II represent random error.
D)Figure I and Figure II represent systematic error.
E)Figure III represents no errors.

Question 21

How many significant figures should be reported for the difference between 18.6172 mL and 18.57 mL?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)6

Question 22

A scientist obtains the number 0.045006700 on a calculator.If this number actually has four (4)significant figures,how should it be written?

A)0.4567
B)0.4501
C)0.0450
D)0.04500
E)0.04501

Question 23

You are asked to determine the perimeter of the cover of your textbook.You measure the length as 39.36 cm and the width as 24.83 cm.How many significant figures should you report for the perimeter?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 24

What is the best answer to report for ?

A)27.351
B)27.35
C)27.3507
D)27
E)27.4

Question 25

Using the rules of significant figures,calculate the following:

A)14.5
B)16
C)15
D)82
E)14.54

Question 26

Consider the numbers 23.68 and 4.12.The sum of these numbers has ____ significant figures,and the product of these numbers has ____ significant figures.

A)3,3
B)4,4
C)3,4
D)4,3
E)none of these

Question 27

The beakers shown below have different precisions as shown. Suppose you pour the water from these three beakers into one container.What would be the volume in the container reported to the correct number of significant figures?

A)78.817 mL
B)78.82 mL
C)78.8 mL
D)80 mL
E)79 mL

Question 28

How many significant figures are there in the number 0.0006428?

A)7
B)3
C)8
D)4
E)0

Question 29

Express the number 0.000333 in scientific notation.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 30

Using the rules of significant figures,calculate the following:

A)3.823
B)4
C)3.8231
D)3.82
E)3.8

Question 31

How many significant figures are there in the number 3.1400?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 32

Express 165,000 in exponential notation.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 33

Express the number in common decimal form.

A)0.00649
B)6.49
C)6490
D)0.0649
E)0.000649

Question 34

What is the best answer to report for g/mL?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 35

The amount of uncertainty in a measured quantity is determined by:

A)both the skill of the observer and the limitations of the measuring instrument
B)neither the skill of the observer nor the limitations of the measuring instrument
C)the limitations of the measuring instrument only
D)the skill of the observer only
E)none of these

Question 36

Express the number in common decimal form.

A)237000
B)0.0000237
C)0.000237
D)23700
E)2370

Question 37

We generally report a measurement by recording all of the certain digits plus ____ uncertain digit(s).

A)no
B)one
C)two
D)three
E)four

Question 38

Convert 2751.4 g to mg.

A)2.7514 mg
B)27.514 mg
C)275.14 mg
D) mg
E) mg

Question 39

How many significant figures are there in the number 0.04560700?

A)4
B)5
C)7
D)8
E)9

Question 40

Express the number 0.0810 in scientific notation.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 41

In 1928,29.3 g of a new element was isolated from 660 kg of the ore molybdenite.The percent by mass of this element in the ore was:

A)44 %
B)6.6 %
C)29.3 %
D)0.0044 %
E)19.3 %

Question 42

The pressure of the earth's atmosphere at sea level is .What is the pressure when expressed in ? (2.54 cm = 1 in. ,2.205 lb = 1 kg)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 43

For spring break you and some friends plan a road trip to a sunny destination that is 2105 miles away.If you drive a car that gets 33 miles per gallon and gas costs $3.199/gal,about how much will it cost to get to your destination?

A)$
B)$
C)$
D)$
E)$

Question 44

It is estimated that uranium is relatively common in the earth's crust,occurring in amounts of 4 g / metric ton.A metric ton is 1000 kg.At this concentration,what mass of uranium is present in 1.5 mg of the earth's crust?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 45

In the spring of 2008,petrol cost £1.179 per litre in London.On the same day,the exchange rate was $1 = £0.493.What was the price of London petrol in dollars ($)per gallon? (1 gal = 3.7854 L)

A)$4.46 /gal
B)$2.20 /gal
C)$9.05 /gal
D)$1.58 /gal
E)$7.68 /gal

Question 46

As warm water sits in a cool room,you measure the temperature change ( $\Delta$ T = T_final - T_initial).Which of the following is true?

A)The temperature change ( $\Delta$ T)is bigger if you are measuring in °F.
B)The temperature change ( $\Delta$ T)is bigger if you are measuring in °C.
C)The temperature change ( $\Delta$ T)will be the same regardless of the scale you use.
D)Answer A or B is correct,depending on the difference in temperature between the water and the room.
E)None of the above.

Question 47

Convert 0.0494 to L.(2.54 cm = 1 in. ,1 L = 1 )

A) L
B)1.40 L
C) L
D) L
E)1.62 L

Question 48

Convert 44.7 to .

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 49

Convert 4338 mL to qt.(1 L = 1.06 qt)

A)4598 qt
B)4.092 qt
C) qt
D)4092 qt
E)4.598 qt

Question 50

Convert 7.9 kg to lb.(1 kg = 2.205 lb)

A)17 lbs
B)1.7 lbs
C)3.6 lbs
D)0.017 lbs
E)17.42 lbs

Question 51

The density of liquid mercury is 13.6 g/mL.What is its density in units of ? (2.54 cm = 1 in. ,2.205 lb = 1 kg)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)1.83

Question 52

Convert 34.4 lb to g.(1 lb = 453.6 g)

A) g
B) g
C) g
D) g
E) g

Question 53

In March 2008,gold reached a milestone value of $1000 per troy ounce.At that price,what was the cost of a gram of gold? (1 troy ounce = 31.10 g)

A)less than $1
B)between $1 and $10
C)between $10 and $50
D)between $50 and $100
E)over $100

Question 54

The melting point of a certain element is 391°C.What is this on the Fahrenheit scale?

A)490°F
B)249°F
C)977°F
D)736°F
E)672°F

Question 55

Express the volume in liters.

A)781.2 L
B)78.12 L
C)7.812 L
D)0.7812 L
E)0.07812 L

Question 56

Convert 59.4 mi to km.(1 m = 1.094 yd,1 mi = 1760 yd)

A) km
B) km
C) km
D) km
E) km

Question 57

Convert: -48.2°C = ____________ °F.

A)-86.8°F
B)-119°F
C)-54.8°F
D)119°F
E)

Question 58

Manganese makes up 1.3 $\times$ 10^-4 percent by mass of the elements found in a normal healthy body.How many grams of manganese would be found in the body of a person weighing 206 lb? (2.205 lb = 1 kg)

A)0.59 g
B)0.12 g
C)12 g
D)59 g
E)1.2 $\times$ 10^-4 g

Question 59

A 20.0 mL sample of glycerol has a mass of 25.2 grams.What is the density of glycerol in ounces/quart? (1.00 ounce = 28.4 grams,and 1.00 liter = 1.06 quarts)

A)41.9 oz/qt
B)4.19 oz/qt
C)837 oz/qt
D)47.0 oz/qt
E)26.4 oz/qt

Question 60

During a physics experiment,an electron is accelerated to 93 percent of the speed of light.What is the speed of the electron in miles per hour? (speed of light = 3.00 $\times$ 10⁸ m/s,1 km = 0.6214 mi)

A) mi/h
B) mi/h
C) mi/h
D) mi/h
E) mi/h

Question 61

The state of matter for an object that has a definite volume but not a definite shape is

A)solid state
B)liquid state
C)gaseous state
D)elemental state
E)mixed state

Question 62

A monolayer containing g of oleic acid has an area of 20.0 cm².The density of oleic acid is 0.895 g / mL.What is the thickness of the monolayer (the length of an oleic acid molecule)?

A) cm
B) cm
C) cm
D) cm
E) cm

Question 63

A piece of zinc with a mass of 12.14 g is submerged in 46.3 cm³ of water in a graduated cylinder.The water level increases to 48.0 cm³.The correct value for the density of zinc from these data is:

A)7.141
B)7.1
C)0.14
D)0.253
E)3.95

Question 64

A 20.0 mL sample of glycerol has a mass of 25.2 grams.What is the mass of a 57-mL sample of glycerol?

A)8.8 g
B)45 g
C) g
D)72 g
E)71.8 g

Question 65

Suppose that you purchased a water bed with the dimensions 2.55 m $\times$ 2.53 dm $\times$ 235 cm.What mass of water does this bed contain?

A) g
B) g
C) g
D) g
E) g

Question 66

The density of gasoline is 0.7025 g/mL at 20°C.When gasoline is added to water:

A)It will float on top.
B)It will sink to the bottom.
C)It will mix so,you can't see it.
D)The mixture will improve the running of the motor.
E)None of these things will happen.

Question 67

The melting point of indium is 156.2°C.At 323°F,what is the physical state of indium?

A)Solid.
B)Liquid.
C)Gas.
D)Not enough information.
E)At 323°F,the indium is partially solid and partially liquid;there is an equilibrium between the two states.

Question 68

A method of separation that employs a system with two phases of matter,a mobile phase and a stationary phase,is called

A)filtration
B)chromatography
C)distillation
D)vaporization
E)homogenization

Question 69

The density of a liquid is determined by successively weighing 25,50,75,100,and 125 mL of the liquid in a 250-mL beaker.
If volume of liquid is plotted along the horizontal axis,and total mass of beaker plus liquid is plotted on the vertical axis:

A)The x,or horizontal,intercept is the negative value of the weight of the beaker.
B)The y,or vertical,intercept is the weight of the empty beaker.
C)The slope of the line is 1.0.
D)The line will pass through the origin.
E)The slope of the line is independent of the identity of the liquid.

Question 70

An example of a pure substance is

A)elements
B)compounds
C)pure water
D)carbon dioxide
E)all of these

Question 71

The melting point of picolinic acid is 136.5°C.What is the melting point of picolinic acid on the Fahrenheit scale?

A)107.8°F
B)245.7°F
C)168.5°F
D)409.5°F
E)277.7°F

Question 72

The calibration points for the linear Reaumur scale are the usual melting point of ice and boiling point of water,which are assigned the values 0°R and 80°R,respectively.The boiling point of ethanol is 78.4°F.What is this temperature in °R?

A)158.4°R
B)
C)
D)208.4°R
E)20.6°R

Question 73

In 1984,some drums of uranium hexafluoride were lost in the English Channel,which is known for its cold water (about 17°C).The melting point of uranium hexafluoride is 148°F.In what physical state is the uranium hexafluoride in these drums?

A)solid
B)liquid
C)gas
D)a mixture of solid and liquid
E)not enough information

Question 74

On a new temperature scale (°Z),water boils at 120.0°Z and freezes at 40.0°Z.Calculate the normal human body temperature using this temperature scale.On the Celsius scale,normal human body temperature could typically be 37.1°C,and water boils at 100.0°C and freezes at 0.00°C.

A)2968°Z
B)12.4°Z
C)
D)111°Z
E)29.7°Z

Question 75

A freighter carrying a cargo of uranium hexafluoride sank in the English Channel in late August 1984.The cargo of uranium hexafluoride weighed kg and was contained in 30 drums,each containing L of UF₆.What is the density (g/mL)of uranium hexafluoride?

A)1.53 g/mL
B)5.11 g/mL
C)2.25 g/mL
D)0.196 g/mL
E)51.1 g/mL

Question 76

The density of a liquid is determined by successively weighing 25,50,75,100,and 125 mL of the liquid in a 250-mL beaker.
Considering the plot of total mass (y-axis)versus volume (x-axis),which of the following is true?

A)The plot should be rather linear because the slope measures the density of a liquid.
B)The plot should be curved upward because the slope measures the density of a liquid.
C)The plot should be curved upward because the mass of the liquid is higher in successive trials.
D)The plot should be linear because the mass of the beaker stays constant.
E)None of the above.

Question 77

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Solutions are always homogeneous mixtures.
B)The terms "atom" and "element" can have different meanings.
C)Elements can exist as atoms or molecules.
D)Compounds can exist as atoms or molecules.
E)At least two of the above statements (A-D)are false.

Question 78

The state of matter for an object that has both definite volume and definite shape is

A)solid state
B)liquid state
C)gaseous state
D)elemental state
E)mixed state

Question 79

_________ are substances with constant composition that can be broken down into elements by chemical processes.

A)Solutions
B)Mixtures
C)Compounds
D)Quarks
E)Heterogeneous mixtures

Question 80

The boiling of water is a

A)physical change because the water merely disappears
B)physical change because the gaseous water is chemically the same as the liquid
C)chemical change because heat is needed for the process to occur
D)chemical change because a gas (steam)is given off
E)chemical and physical damage