Deck 2: Atoms, molecules, and Ions

Question 1

Consider the following two compounds: H₂O and H₂O_{2 .}According to the law of multiple proportions,the ratio of hydrogen atoms per gram of oxygen in H₂O to hydrogen atoms per gram of oxygen in H₂O₂ is

A)1:1
B)2:1
C)1:2
D)2:2
E)4:1

Answer 1

2:1

Question 2

If the Thomson model of the atom had been correct,Rutherford would have observed:

A)Alpha particles going through the foil with little or no deflection.
B)Alpha particles greatly deflected by the metal foil.
C)Alpha particles bouncing off the foil.
D)Positive particles formed in the foil.
E)None of the above observations is consistent with the Thomson model of the atom.

Answer 2

Alpha particles going through the foil with little or no deflection.

Question 3

Many classic experiments have given us indirect evidence of the nature of the atom.Which of the experiments listed below did not give the results described?

A)The Rutherford experiment proved the Thomson "plum-pudding" model of the atom to be essentially correct.
B)The Rutherford experiment was useful in determining the nuclear charge on the atom.
C)Millikan's oil-drop experiment showed that the charge on any particle was a simple multiple of the charge on the electron.
D)The electric discharge tube proved that electrons have a negative charge.
E)All of the above experiments gave the results described.

Answer 3

The Rutherford experiment proved the Thomson "plum-pudding" model of the atom to be essentially correct.

Question 4

The Greeks proposed that matter consisted of four fundamental substances:

A)fire,earth,water,air
B)fire,metal,water,air
C)earth,metal,water,air
D)atoms,fire,water,air
E)atoms,metal,fire,air

Question 5

The scientist who discovered the law of conservation of mass and is also called the father of modern chemistry is

A)Proust
B)Boyle
C)Priestly
D)Bauer
E)Lavoisier

Question 6

Rutherford's experiment was important because it showed that:

A)Radioactive elements give off alpha particles.
B)Gold foil can be made to be only a few atoms thick.
C)A zinc sulfide screen scintillates when struck by a charged particle.
D)The mass of the atom is uniformly distributed throughout the atom.
E)An atom is mostly empty space.

Question 7

Which statement is not correct?

A)The mass of an alpha particle is 7300 times that of the electron.
B)An alpha particle has a 2+ charge.
C)Three types of radioactive emission are gamma rays,beta rays,and alpha particles.
D)A gamma ray is high-energy light.
E)There are only three types of radioactivity known to scientists today.

Question 8

The first people to attempt to explain why chemical changes occur were

A)alchemists
B)metallurgists
C)physicians
D)physicists
E)the Greeks

Question 9

Which one of the following statements about atomic structure is false?

A)An atom is mostly empty space.
B)Almost all of the mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus.
C)The protons and neutrons in the nucleus are very tightly packed.
D)The number of protons and neutrons is always the same in the neutral atom.
E)All of the above statements (A-D)are true.

Question 10

Alpha particles beamed at thin metal foil may

A)pass directly through without changing direction
B)be slightly diverted by attraction to electrons
C)be reflected by direct contact with nuclei
D)A and C
E)A,B,and C

Question 11

According to the law of multiple proportions:

A)If the same two elements form two different compounds,they do so in the same ratio.
B)It is not possible for the same two elements to form more than one compound.
C)The ratio of the masses of the elements in a compound is always the same.
D)The total mass after a chemical change is the same as before the change.
E)None of these.

Question 12

Which of the following pairs can be used to illustrate the law of multiple proportions?

A)SO and SO₂
B)CO and CaCO₃
C)H₂O and C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
D)H₂SO₄ and H₂S
E)KCl and KClO₂

Question 13

The first scientist to show that atoms emit any negative particles was

A)J.J.Thomson
B)Lord Kelvin
C)Ernest Rutherford
D)William Thomson
E)John Dalton

Question 14

The chemist credited for inventing a set of symbols for writing elements and a system for writing the formulas of compounds (and for discovering selenium,silicon,and thorium)is

A)Boyle
B)Lavoisier
C)Priestly
D)Berzelius
E)Dalton

Question 15

How many of the following postulates of Dalton's atomic theory are still scientifically accepted?
I.All atoms of the same element are identical.
II.Compounds are combinations of different atoms.
III.A chemical reaction changes the way atoms are grouped together.
IV.Atoms are indestructible.

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 16

The scientist whose alpha-particle scattering experiment led him to conclude that the nucleus of an atom contains a dense center of positive charge is

A)J.J.Thomson
B)Lord Kelvin
C)Ernest Rutherford
D)William Thomson
E)John Dalton

Question 17

Which of the following pairs of compounds can be used to illustrate the law of multiple proportions?

A)NH₄ and NH₄Cl
B)ZnO₂ and ZnCl₂
C)H₂O and HCl
D)NO and NO₂
E)CH₄ and CO₂

Question 18

Which of the following statements from Dalton's atomic theory is no longer true,according to modern atomic theory?

A)Elements are made up of tiny particles called atoms.
B)Atoms are not created or destroyed in chemical reactions.
C)All atoms of a given element are identical.
D)Atoms are indivisible in chemical reactions.
E)All of these statements are true according to modern atomic theory.

Question 19

The first chemist to perform truly quantitative experiments was

A)Paracelsus
B)Boyle
C)Priestly
D)Bauer
E)Lavoisier

Question 20

Avogadro's hypothesis states that:

A)Each atom of oxygen is 16 times more massive than an atom of hydrogen.
B)A given compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass.
C)When two elements form a series of compounds,the ratios of masses that combine with 1 gram of the first element can always be reduced to small whole numbers.
D)At the same temperature and pressure,equal volumes of different gases contain an equal number of particles.
E)Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.

Question 21

An isotope,X,of a particular element has an atomic number of 15 and a mass number of 31.Therefore:

A)X is an isotope of phosphorus.
B)X has 16 neutrons per atom.
C)X has an atomic mass of 30.973.
D)A and B.
E)A,B,and C.

Question 22

Which of the following are incorrectly paired?

A)Phosphorus,Pr
B)Palladium,Pd
C)Platinum,Pt
D)Lead,Pb
E)Potassium,K

Question 23

The number of electrons in an atom is the same for all neutral atoms of that element.

Question 24

Which of the following atomic symbols is incorrect?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 25

An ion is formed

A)By either adding or subtracting protons from the atom.
B)By either adding or subtracting electrons from the atom
C)By either adding or subtracting neutrons from the atom.
D)All of the above are true.
E)Two of the above are true.

Question 26

Which of the following are incorrectly paired?

A)Copper,Cu
B)Carbon,C
C)Cobalt,Co
D)Calcium,Ca
E)Cesium,Ce

Question 27

Which of the following are incorrectly paired?

A)K,alkali metal
B)Ba,alkaline earth metal
C)O,halogen
D)Ne,noble gas
E)Ni,transition metal

Question 28

The numbers of protons,neutrons,and electrons in K⁺ are:

A)20 p,19 n,19 e
B)20 p,19 n,20 e
C)19 p,20 n,20 e
D)19 p,20 n,19 e
E)19 p,20 n,18 e

Question 29

The formula of water,H₂O,suggests:

A)There is twice as much mass of hydrogen as oxygen in each molecule.
B)There are two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom per water molecule.
C)There is twice as much mass of oxygen as hydrogen in each molecule.
D)There are two oxygen atoms and one hydrogen atom per water molecule.
E)None of these.

Question 30

Which among the following represent a set of isotopes? Atomic nuclei containing:
I.20 protons and 20 neutrons
II.21 protons and 19 neutrons
III.22 neutrons and 18 protons
IV.20 protons and 22 neutrons
V.21 protons and 20 neutrons

A)I,II,III
B)III,IV
C)I,V
D)I,IV and II,V
E)No isotopes are indicated.

Question 31

Which of the following are incorrectly paired?

A)Sr,alkaline earth metal
B)Ta,transition metal
C)F,halogen
D)H,noble gas
E)Ru,transition metal

Question 32

Which of the following statements are true of uranium-238? I.
Its chemical properties will be exactly like those of uranium-235.
II.
Its mass will be slightly different from that of an atom of uranium-235.
III.
It will contain a different number of protons than an atom of uranium-235.
IV.
It is more plentiful in nature than uranium-235.

A)III,IV
B)I,II,III
C)I,II,IV
D)II,III,IV
E)all of these

Question 33

The number of neutrons in an atom is the same for all neutral atoms of that element.

Question 34

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Ions are formed by adding or removing protons or electrons.
B)Scientists believe that solids are mostly open space.
C)Heating water with a Bunsen burner results in a 2:1 mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gases.
D)At least two of the above statements (A-C)are true.
E)All of the statements (A-C)are false.

Question 35

All of the following are true except:

A)Ions are formed by adding electrons to a neutral atom.
B)Ions are formed by changing the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
C)Ions are formed by removing electrons from a neutral atom.
D)An ion has a positive or negative charge.
E)Metals tend to form positive ions.

Question 36

A species with 12 protons and 10 electrons is

A)Ne²⁺
B)Ti²⁺
C)Mg²⁺
D)Mg
E)Ne^2-

Question 37

By knowing the number of protons a neutral atom has,you should be able to determine

A)the number of neutrons in the neutral atom
B)the number of electrons in the neutral atom
C)the name of the atom
D)two of the above
E)none of the above

Question 38

Which of the following statements is (are)true?

A) and have the same number of neutrons.
B) and are isotopes of each other because their mass numbers are the same.
C) has the same number of electrons as .
D)A and B
E)A and C

Question 39

The element rhenium (Re)exists as two stable isotopes and 18 unstable isotopes.Rhenium-185 has in its nucleus

A)75 protons,75 neutrons
B)75 protons,130 neutrons
C)130 protons,75 neutrons
D)75 protons,110 neutrons
E)not enough information

Question 40

Bromine exists naturally as a mixture of bromine-79 and bromine-81 isotopes.An atom of bromine-79 contains

A)35 protons,44 neutrons,35 electrons
B)34 protons and 35 electrons,only
C)44 protons,44 electrons,and 35 neutrons
D)35 protons,79 neutrons,and 35 electrons
E)79 protons,79 electrons,and 35 neutrons

Question 41

Which of the following is incorrectly named?

A)SO₃^2-,sulfite ion
B)S₂O₃^2-,thiosulfate ion
C)PO₄^3-,phosphate ion
D)ClO₃^-,chlorite ion
E)CN^-,cyanide ion

Question 42

Which of the following pairs is incorrect?

A)iodine trichloride,ICl₃
B)phosphorus pentoxide,P₂O₅
C)ammonia,NH₃
D)sulfur hexafluoride,SF₆
E)All of the above pairs are correct.

Question 43

Which of the following are incorrectly paired?

A)Antimony,Sb
B)Silicon,Si
C)Silver,Ag
D)Argon,Ar
E)Astatine,As

Question 44

What is the subscript of barium in the formula of barium sulfate?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)0

Question 45

All of the following are characteristics of nonmetals except:

A)poor conductors of electricity
B)often bond to each other by forming covalent bonds
C)tend to form negative ions in chemical reactions with metals
D)appear in the upper left-hand corner of the periodic table
E)do not have a shiny (lustrous)appearance

Question 46

The correct name for V³⁺ is

A)vanadide
B)vanadite ion
C)vanadium(III)ion
D)vanadium(V)ion
E)trivanadium ion

Question 47

How many oxygen atoms are there in 4 formula units of Al₂(CO₃)₃?

A)9
B)24
C)36
D)13
E)39

Question 48

The formula for calcium bisulfate is

A)Ca(SO₄)₂
B)CaS₂
C)Ca(HSO₄)₂
D)Ca₂HSO₄
E)Ca₂S

Question 49

The correct name for FeO is

A)iron oxide
B)iron(II)oxide
C)iron(III)oxide
D)iron monoxide
E)iron(I)oxide

Question 50

Which of the following is incorrectly named?

A)Pb(NO₃)₂,lead(II)nitrate
B)NH₄ClO₄,ammonium perchlorate
C)PO₄^3-,phosphate ion
D)Mg(OH)₂,magnesium hydroxide
E)NO^3-,nitrite ion

Question 51

All of the following are characteristics of metals except:

A)good conductors of heat
B)malleable
C)ductile
D)often lustrous
E)tend to gain electrons in chemical reactions

Question 52

Which of the following has 61 neutrons,47 protons,and 46 electrons?

A) Pm
B) Ag⁺
C) Pd^-
D) Cd⁺
E) Ag

Question 53

How many protons and electrons does the most stable ion for oxygen have? # protons
# electrons

A)10 p 8 e
B)8 p 6 e
C)6 p 8 e
D)8 p 8 e
E)8 p 10 e

Question 54

The correct name for P^3- is

A)phosphide ion
B)phosphorus ion
C)phosphorus(III)ion
D)phospho(III)ion
E)phosphite

Question 55

The correct name for Ca²⁺ is

A)calcium
B)calcium(II)ion
C)calcium ion
D)calcium(I)ion
E)monocalcium ion

Question 56

The correct name for LiCl is

A)lithium monochloride
B)lithium(I)chloride
C)monolithium chloride
D)lithium chloride
E)monolithium monochloride

Question 57

The formula for sodium dihydrogen phosphate is

A)NaH₂PO₄
B)Na(HPO₄)₂
C)NaHPO₄
D)Na₂HPO₄
E)Na₂H₂PO₄

Question 58

How many oxygen atoms are there in one formula unit of Ca₃(PO₄)₂?

A)2
B)4
C)6
D)8
E)none of these

Question 59

You are given a compound with the formula MCl₂,in which M is a metal.You are told that the metal ion has 26 electrons.What is the identity of the metal?

A)Fe
B)Al
C)Zn
D)Co
E)Ni

Question 60

Which of the following names is incorrect?

A)cobalt(II)chloride
B)magnesium oxide
C)aluminum(III)oxide
D)diphosphorus pentoxide
E)All of the above names are correct.

Question 61

All of the following are in aqueous solution.Which is incorrectly named?

A)H₂SO₄,sulfuric acid
B)H₂CO₃,carbonic acid
C)H₃PO₄,phosphoric acid
D)HCN,cyanic acid
E)HCl,hydrochloric acid

Question 62

Which metals form cations with varying positive charges?

A)transition metals
B)Group 1 metals
C)Group 2 metals
D)Group 3 metals
E)metalloids

Question 63

Name the following compounds:
Al₂(SO₄)₃

Question 64

How many atoms (total)are there in one formula unit of Ca₃(PO₄)₂?

Question 65

Which of the following pairs is incorrect?

A)NH₄Br,ammonium bromide
B)K₂CO₃,potassium carbonate
C)BaPO₄,barium phosphate
D)CuCl,copper(I)chloride
E)MnO₂,manganese(IV)oxide

Question 66

Name the following compounds:
CaSO₄

Question 67

Name the following compounds:
K₂Cr₂O₇

Question 68

Three samples of a solid substance composed of elements A and Z were prepared.The first contained 4.31 g A and 7.70 g Z.The second sample was 35.9% A and 64.1% Z.It was observed that 0.718 g A reacted with Z to form 2.00 g of the third sample.Show that these data illustrate the law of definite composition.

Question 69

Explain how Dalton's atomic theory accounts for:
a)the law of conservation of mass
b)the law of definite composition
c)the law of multiple proportion

Question 70

Name the following compounds:
CCl₄

Question 71

Write the chemical formulas for the following compounds or ions.
a)
nitrate ion
_________
b)
aluminum oxide
_________
c)
ammonium ion
_________
d)
perchloric acid
_________
e)
copper(II)bromide
_________

Question 72

Name the following compounds:
AgCl

Question 73

Name the following compounds:
N₂O₃

Question 74

All of the following are in aqueous solution.Which is incorrectly named?

A)HC₂H₃O₂,acetic acid
B)HBr,bromic acid
C)H₂SO₃,sulfurous acid
D)HNO₂,nitrous acid
E)HClO₃,chloric acid

Question 75

Name the following compounds:
NH₄NO₃

Question 76

Name the following compounds:
HNO₂

Question 77

Name the following compounds:
NaH

Question 78

Arsenopyrite is a mineral containing As,Fe,and S.Classify each element as metal,nonmetal,or metalloid.

Question 79

Write the names of the following compounds:
a)
FeSO_{4
________________}
b)
NaC₂H₃O_{2
________________}
c)
KNO_{2
________________}
d)
Ca(OH)_{2
________________}
e)
NiCO_{3
________________}

Question 80

Write the symbol for each of the following elements.
a)
silver
_____________
b)
calcium
_____________
c)
iodine
_____________
d)
copper
_____________
e)
phosphorus
_____________