Deck 36: RNA Synthesis and Regulation in Prokaryotes

Question 1

The coding strand has the _________________ sequence as the RNA transcript (except that it has T instead of U).

Answer 1

same

Question 2

The Rho protein terminates transcription by acting as a _________________.

Answer 2

helicase

Question 3

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) divalent cation
b) primer
c) stem loop
d) operon
e) consensus
f) amanitin
g) transcription
h) translation
i) repressor
j) transcription bubble
k) catabolite repression
l) promoters
Unlike DNA synthesis, RNA synthesis does not require a(n) ______________.

Answer 3

b

Question 4

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) divalent cation
b) primer
c) stem loop
d) operon
e) consensus
f) amanitin
g) transcription
h) translation
i) repressor
j) transcription bubble
k) catabolite repression
l) promoters
DNA sequences that direct RNA polymerase to the initiation site are called ______________.

Question 5

Many antibiotics, such as rifampicin, function by blocking _________________.

Question 6

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) divalent cation
b) primer
c) stem loop
d) operon
e) consensus
f) amanitin
g) transcription
h) translation
i) repressor
j) transcription bubble
k) catabolite repression
l) promoters
RNA synthesis (tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA) is called ______________.

Question 7

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) divalent cation
b) primer
c) stem loop
d) operon
e) consensus
f) amanitin
g) transcription
h) translation
i) repressor
j) transcription bubble
k) catabolite repression
l) promoters
______________: A group of genes that are closely related and are produced as a single mRNA.

Question 8

The RNA polymerase can unwind approximately _________________ bases, or about 1.6 turns of B-DNA.

Question 9

RNA polymerases read the template strand in the _________________ direction.

Question 10

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) divalent cation
b) primer
c) stem loop
d) operon
e) consensus
f) amanitin
g) transcription
h) translation
i) repressor
j) transcription bubble
k) catabolite repression
l) promoters
______________ is a required cofactor for RNA polymerase.

Question 11

The rate of RNA synthesis in E. coli is approximately ______________ nucleotides per second.

Question 12

The _________________ sequence is determined by an alignment of DNA base sequences used to deduce a recurring pattern or motif.

Question 13

The first step of transcription depends on the _________________ subunit.

Question 14

Adding lactose to E. coli culture results in _________________ of expression of the lac operon.

Question 15

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) divalent cation
b) primer
c) stem loop
d) operon
e) consensus
f) amanitin
g) transcription
h) translation
i) repressor
j) transcription bubble
k) catabolite repression
l) promoters
The xpression of galactosidase requires the induction of an operon by removal of a(n) ______________.

Question 16

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) divalent cation
b) primer
c) stem loop
d) operon
e) consensus
f) amanitin
g) transcription
h) translation
i) repressor
j) transcription bubble
k) catabolite repression
l) promoters
The RNA structure that often signals termination of transcription is the ______________.

Question 17

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) divalent cation
b) primer
c) stem loop
d) operon
e) consensus
f) amanitin
g) transcription
h) translation
i) repressor
j) transcription bubble
k) catabolite repression
l) promoters
An increase in cellular metabolism that inhibits expression of the genes for that metabolism is a process known as ______________.

Question 18

Promoter sites in E. coli are located _________________ and ______________nucleotides upstream of the start site.

Question 19

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) divalent cation
b) primer
c) stem loop
d) operon
e) consensus
f) amanitin
g) transcription
h) translation
i) repressor
j) transcription bubble
k) catabolite repression
l) promoters
The region of RNA synthesis containing the DNA, RNA, and enzymes is called the ______________.

Question 20

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) divalent cation
b) primer
c) stem loop
d) operon
e) consensus
f) amanitin
g) transcription
h) translation
i) repressor
j) transcription bubble
k) catabolite repression
l) promoters
______________: Sequences deduced from the analysis of many related DNA sequences.

Question 21

The protein that binds DNAsequences and helps RNA polymerases initiate transcription is:

A) ɑ
B) β
C) δ
D) β`
E) σ

Question 22

What is the significance of the σ subunit?

Question 23

How does the addition of lactose to E. coli induce the expression of proteins important for lactose metabolism?

Question 24

RNA polymerase requires which of the following for initiation?

A) DNA primer
B) RNA primer
C) supercoiled DNA
D) nicked DNA
E) None of the above.

Question 25

In transcription, the 3`-hydroxyl group:

A) attacks the ɑ-phosphorous group on an incoming nucleotide.
B) binds to a Mg+2 in the active site.
C) binds to the 5` ribose.
D) attacks the 5` hydrogen of the incoming nucleotide.
E) None of the above.

Question 26

A σ subunit that is mutated such that the protein binds tightly to DNA with a 10-times-higher affinity than wild-type sequences will likely have what effect?

Question 27

Name the three stages of RNA synthesis.

Question 28

Structural diversity of tRNA molecules is caused by:

A) folding patterns.
B) methylation of the ribose.
C) poly(A) tailing.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 29

Functions of RNA polymerase include:

A) searching for promoter sites.
B) unwinding short stretches of DNA.
C) detecting termination signals.
D) A and C.
E) A, B, and C.

Question 30

In E. coli, what other protein(s) is(are) synthesized when β-galactosidase is synthesized?

A) σ70 of RNA polymerase
B) RNA helicase
C) fibonuclease III
D) galactoside permease
E) All of the above.

Question 31

How does RNA polymerase find the proper binding site?

Question 32

How do promoters differ in efficiency?

Question 33

Which subunit of E. coli RNA polymerase binds DNA and takes part in catalysis?

A) ɑ
B) β
C) δ
D) β`
E) σ

Question 34

The Pribnow box:

A) is found +10 base pairs fromthe start site of an operon.
B) is found −10 base pairs fromthe end site.
C) is the site where promotors bind.
D) serves to regulate translation.
E) None of the above.

Question 35

The major RNA types include:

A) messenger RNA
B) template RNA
C) ribase RNA
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 36

The structure of DNA must be in which complex for transcription to occur?

A) the closed promoter complex
B) the biphasic promoter complex
C) the open promoter complex
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 37

How does the antibiotic rifamycin function mechanistically?

Question 38

What is a common feature of both protein-dependent and protein-independent termination signals in transcription?

Question 39

What is the theory about how palindromic RNA polymerase transcription termination signals function?

Question 40

Describe how RNA is modified.

Question 41

How is the expression of the lac operon inhibited by the lac repressor?

Question 42

What is the social interaction known as quorum sensing and how does it change gene expression?

Question 43

What are the DNA components of a regulatory system?

Question 44

What are riboswitches and how do they control gene expression?

Question 45

A mutation in the 3` end of mRNA leads to an increase in AT-rich regions. What is the likely outcome of this change?