Deck 40: The Mechanism of Protein Synthesis

Question 1

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) initiation factors
b) ATP
c) ricin
d) one
e) Shine-Dalgarno
f) elongation factor Tu
g) polysome
h) two
i) kanamycin
j) release factor
k) N-formylmethionine
l) signal sequence
m) GTP
The sequence that interacts with a complementary sequence on the 3` end of the 16S rRNA is _______________.

Answer 1

e

Question 2

coli, the signal sequence that properly aligns the initiation codon in the P site is called the __________________ sequence.

Answer 2

Shine-Dalgarno

Question 3

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) initiation factors
b) ATP
c) ricin
d) one
e) Shine-Dalgarno
f) elongation factor Tu
g) polysome
h) two
i) kanamycin
j) release factor
k) N-formylmethionine
l) signal sequence
m) GTP
_______________ inhibits the interaction between tRNA and 16S rRNA

Answer 3

i

Question 4

In a ribosome, A stands for __________________ and P stands for __________________.

Question 5

The first amino acid in bacterial proteins is __________________.

Question 6

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) initiation factors
b) ATP
c) ricin
d) one
e) Shine-Dalgarno
f) elongation factor Tu
g) polysome
h) two
i) kanamycin
j) release factor
k) N-formylmethionine
l) signal sequence
m) GTP

Question 7

Proteins are synthesized in the __________________ direction.

Question 8

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) initiation factors
b) ATP
c) ricin
d) one
e) Shine-Dalgarno
f) elongation factor Tu
g) polysome
h) two
i) kanamycin
j) release factor
k) N-formylmethionine
l) signal sequence
m) GTP
_______________ is a sequence of 9-12 hydrophobic amino acid residues, sometimes containing positively charged amino acids.

Question 9

Initiation, elongation, and termination all require factors that are members of the __________________ family.

Question 10

Release factors function by allowing __________________ to attack the ester linkage between tRNA and amino acid.

Question 11

GTP binds to the __________________ protein in the translocation mechanism.

Question 12

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) initiation factors
b) ATP
c) ricin
d) one
e) Shine-Dalgarno
f) elongation factor Tu
g) polysome
h) two
i) kanamycin
j) release factor
k) N-formylmethionine
l) signal sequence
m) GTP
_______________ include(s) IF1, IF2, and IF3 in prokaryotes.

Question 13

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) initiation factors
b) ATP
c) ricin
d) one
e) Shine-Dalgarno
f) elongation factor Tu
g) polysome
h) two
i) kanamycin
j) release factor
k) N-formylmethionine
l) signal sequence
m) GTP
EF-G translocase proteins use the energy of _______________ hydrolysis.

Question 14

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) initiation factors
b) ATP
c) ricin
d) one
e) Shine-Dalgarno
f) elongation factor Tu
g) polysome
h) two
i) kanamycin
j) release factor
k) N-formylmethionine
l) signal sequence
m) GTP
The protein _______________ is toxic because it hydrolyzes a critical adenine base from the 28S RNA molecule of eukaryotes.

Question 15

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) initiation factors
b) ATP
c) ricin
d) one
e) Shine-Dalgarno
f) elongation factor Tu
g) polysome
h) two
i) kanamycin
j) release factor
k) N-formylmethionine
l) signal sequence
m) GTP
How many release factors do eukaryotes have?

Question 16

After the peptide bond forms, the mRNA and tRNA are __________________, or moved, a distance of one codon.

Question 17

The signal sequence that marks a protein for translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane is located near the __________________ end of the protein.

Question 18

mRNA that codes for more than one protein is considered __________________.

Question 19

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) initiation factors
b) ATP
c) ricin
d) one
e) Shine-Dalgarno
f) elongation factor Tu
g) polysome
h) two
i) kanamycin
j) release factor
k) N-formylmethionine
l) signal sequence
m) GTP
_______________ is the first amino acid in bacteria and typically is chemically modified.

Question 20

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) initiation factors
b) ATP
c) ricin
d) one
e) Shine-Dalgarno
f) elongation factor Tu
g) polysome
h) two
i) kanamycin
j) release factor
k) N-formylmethionine
l) signal sequence
m) GTP
The _______________ proteins recognize UAA, UAG, and UGA codons.

Question 21

What are the names for the tRNA binding sites on the ribosome?

Question 22

What is an iron response element?

Question 23

Signals that define the beginning and end of protein synthesis are contained in:

A) rRNA.
B) tRNA.
C) mRNA.
D) the ribosome.
E) protein.

Question 24

In vanishing white matter disease, nerve cells disappear due to:

A) phagocytosis of living cells.
B) an autoimmune result of mutations in mRNA.
C) mutation in release factors.
D) mutations in initiation factor 2.
E) mutations in the tRNA charging mechanism.

Question 25

What proteins are involved in the circularization of eukaryotic mRNA?

Question 26

What factor(s) is (are) necessary for the correct placement of the mRNA and initiating tRNA on the ribosome?

A) IF1
B) IF2
C) IF3
D) A and B
E) A, B, and C

Question 27

What is the role of the translocon in protein synthesis?

Question 28

Eukaryotic mRNA is:

A) linear.
B) circular.
C) modified only at the ribose.
D) discontinuously translated.
E) None of the above.

Question 29

What is the final destination of proteins directed to the secretory pathway?

Question 30

What is the direction of translation of mRNA?

A) bidirectional
B) 5` → 3`
C) 3` → 5`
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 31

What is the function of RF1?

Question 32

What is the order of the tRNA binding sites on the 70S ribosome with respect to the 5′ → 3′ direction of the mRNA?

A) E P A
B) P A E
C) A E P
D) P E A
E) E A P

Question 33

What is the first step in the elongation cycle?

Question 34

Eukaryotic and prokaryotic translation differs primarily in which step?

A) initiation
B) elongation
C) termination
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 35

Which of the following is/are required for the initiation of protein synthesis in prokaryotes?

A) mRNA
B) the 30S subunit
C) fMet-tRNAf
D) GTP
E) All of the above.

Question 36

Chloramphenicol acts by:

A) binding to the peptidase cell-wall enzyme.
B) inhibiting peptidyl transferase activity.
C) inhibiting protein synthesis.
D) binding to fMET tRNA.
E) changing the shape of the mRNA.

Question 37

Can a protein fully translated and released from a ribosome enter the mitochondria or ER lumen?

Question 38

Coli proteins is responsible for translocation of the mRNA as a result of a conformation change due to the hydrolysis of GTP?

A) RRF
B) EF-Tu
C) EF-G
D) Shine-Delgarno
E) None of the above.

Question 39

Ricin is made from castor beans and is a strong toxin which:

A) removes an adenine from 28S rRNA.
B) glycosylates tRNA.
C) inhibits protein synthesis initiation.
D) blocks the A binding site.
E) coats the mRNA.

Question 40

What is the mechanism of action of the A fragment of diphtheria toxin?

A) binding the 60S subunit
B) cleaving tRNA
C) the chemical modification of EF2
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 41

What role does the amino acid itself play in the accurate placement of the charged tRNA at the codon?

Question 42

Describe RNAi.

Question 43

How does puromycin inhibit protein synthesis?

Question 44

Describe the subunits of E. coli ribosomes.