Deck 37: Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Question 1

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) enhancers
b) bromodomain
c) regulated
d) chromatin-remodeling engines
e) ligand
f) coactivators
g) agonists
h) histone acetylase
i) citrate
j) TATA box
k) histone deacetylase
l) zinc finger
Molecules that bind to a receptor and trigger a signaling pathway are called ______________.

Answer 1

g

Answer 2

Nuclear hormone

Question 3

Eukaryotic RNA polymerases differ in their sensitivity to the mushroom toxin _____________.

Answer 3

α-amanitin

Question 4

________________ genes are continuously expressed rather than regulated.

Question 5

A molecule that binds to a nuclear hormone receptor but does not trigger a response is called a(n) ________________.

Question 6

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) enhancers
b) bromodomain
c) regulated
d) chromatin-remodeling engines
e) ligand
f) coactivators
g) agonists
h) histone acetylase
i) citrate
j) TATA box
k) histone deacetylase
l) zinc finger
Proteins that act in a coordinated manner with hormone receptors to mediate gene expression are called ______________.

Question 7

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) enhancers
b) bromodomain
c) regulated
d) chromatin-remodeling engines
e) ligand
f) coactivators
g) agonists
h) histone acetylase
i) citrate
j) TATA box
k) histone deacetylase
l) zinc finger
The molecule ______________ shuttles acetyl groups into the nucleus for use by histone-modifying enzymes .

Question 8

The repeating unit formed by the DNA wrapping around the histone core is called a(n) ________________.

Question 9

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) enhancers
b) bromodomain
c) regulated
d) chromatin-remodeling engines
e) ligand
f) coactivators
g) agonists
h) histone acetylase
i) citrate
j) TATA box
k) histone deacetylase
l) zinc finger
______________ is a region of a protein that regulates transcription by interacting with the acetylated lysine of histones.

Question 10

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) enhancers
b) bromodomain
c) regulated
d) chromatin-remodeling engines
e) ligand
f) coactivators
g) agonists
h) histone acetylase
i) citrate
j) TATA box
k) histone deacetylase
l) zinc finger
______________ is a complex that can shift the position of nucleosomes along a DNA strand.

Question 11

RNA polymerase I is located in the ________________.

Question 12

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) enhancers
b) bromodomain
c) regulated
d) chromatin-remodeling engines
e) ligand
f) coactivators
g) agonists
h) histone acetylase
i) citrate
j) TATA box
k) histone deacetylase
l) zinc finger
______________ is/are a DNA-binding domain involving eight cysteine residues.

Question 13

The nuclear membrane is important in gene expression because it separates the process of ________________ from that of ________________.

Question 14

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) enhancers
b) bromodomain
c) regulated
d) chromatin-remodeling engines
e) ligand
f) coactivators
g) agonists
h) histone acetylase
i) citrate
j) TATA box
k) histone deacetylase
l) zinc finger
Binding sites in DNA for specific regulatory proteins are called ______________.

Question 15

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) enhancers
b) bromodomain
c) regulated
d) chromatin-remodeling engines
e) ligand
f) coactivators
g) agonists
h) histone acetylase
i) citrate
j) TATA box
k) histone deacetylase
l) zinc finger
In eukaryotes, transcription is initiated by the binding of the transcription factor to the ______________.

Question 16

Nuclear hormone receptors bind to specific DNA sites known as ________________.

Question 17

When a steroid hormone receptor binds ligand, it does not change the binding of a receptor to DNA but to the ________________.

Question 18

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) enhancers
b) bromodomain
c) regulated
d) chromatin-remodeling engines
e) ligand
f) coactivators
g) agonists
h) histone acetylase
i) citrate
j) TATA box
k) histone deacetylase
l) zinc finger
______________ is a general term for molecules that bind to receptors.

Question 19

The carboxyl-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II is phosphorylated on ________________ residues.

Question 20

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) enhancers
b) bromodomain
c) regulated
d) chromatin-remodeling engines
e) ligand
f) coactivators
g) agonists
h) histone acetylase
i) citrate
j) TATA box
k) histone deacetylase
l) zinc finger
The enzyme that removes the acetyl group for a lysine of a histone is called ______________.

Question 21

Why are steroid hormone receptors excellent drug therapy targets?

Question 22

What additional complexities exist between gene expression in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes?

Question 23

Enhancer sites are often located:

A) near the poly(A) tail site.
B) within introns.
C) at a distance from the transcription start site.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 24

Molecules that bind to a receptor and trigger signaling pathways are called:

A) antagonists.
B) agonists.
C) IRE-binding proteins.
D) promoters.
E) None of the above.

Question 25

How do coactivators mediate expression?

A) by blocking RNA polymerase binding
B) by loosening the histone complex formation
C) by inhibiting intron splicing
D) A and B
E) B and C

Question 26

What do many DNA binding proteins contain that is involved in chromatin remodeling?

A) a helix-turn-helix motif
B) an acetyl-lysine binding domain
C) a zinc-finger motif
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 27

Differential gene expression is caused by:

A) control of translation.
B) control of mRNA processing.
C) control of transcription.
D) control of replication.
E) None of the above.

Question 28

Briefly describe the path of a steroid hormone in gene regulation.

Question 29

A key reaction in gene repression is the deacetylation of this/these amino acids in histones:

A) serine.
B) threonine.
C) arginine.
D) lysine.
E) All of the above.

Question 30

When phosphorylated, the carboxyl-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II:

A) is insensitive to α-amanitin.
B) enhances transcription.
C) recruits other factors.
D) A and C.
E) B and C.

Question 31

What additional complexities exist between gene expression in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes?

Question 32

The interaction of many different protein factors to stimulate or repress transcription is called:

A) combinatorial control.
B) synergy.
C) the hypomethylation effect.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 33

Pluripotent cells:

A) are stem cells.
B) can develop into any adult cell.
C) can develop into any fetal cell.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 34

How does a coactivator function in gene expression?

Question 35

A common selective estrogen receptor modulator used in breast cancer therapy is:

A) tamoxifen.
B) α-amanitin
C) acetyl-lysine binding protein (ALBP)
D) All of the above
E) None of the above.

Question 36

How does a coactivator function in gene expression?

Question 37

Why must gene regulation be more complicated in eukaryotic cells when compared to prokaryotic cells?

Question 38

Why must gene regulation be more complicated in eukaryotic cells when compared to prokaryotic cells?

Question 39

Briefly describe the path of a steroid hormone in gene regulation.

Question 40

In eukaryotes, DNA-binding proteins bind to DNA by which of the following DNA-binding structures?

A) the zinc-finger domain
B) the cAMP binding
C) closed loops called lariats
D) A and B
E) A, B, and C

Question 41

Why are steroid hormone receptors excellent drug therapy targets?

Question 42

What are induced pluripotent stem cells?

Question 43

What are the steps in modifying gene expression by hormones such as estrogen?

Question 44

What benefit does combinatorial control give to multicellular organisms?

Question 45

Which two characteristic differentiate promoters from enhancers?

Question 46

By what mechanism does histone acetylation prepare the DNA for transcription?

Question 47

What are the three most common cis-acting elements for genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II?

Question 48

Explain why different RNA polymerases transcribe specific genes and only those genes.

Question 49

What is the role of a mediator in transcription?

Question 50

How does binding of thyroid hormone to its nuclear hormone receptor promote transcription?