Deck 34: DNA Replication

Question 1

In eukaryotes, each origin of replication represents a replication unit, or __________________.

Answer 1

replicon

Question 2

The accuracy for DNA polymerase depends on the proper formation of a __________________.

Answer 2

Watson-Crick base pair

Question 3

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) helicases
b) Type I
c) Type II
d) G-rich strand
e) telomeres
f) topoisomerases
g) DNA polymerase
h) A-DNA
i) trombone-slide model
j) template
k) Holliday
l) Okazaki
The small DNA synthesized on the lagging strand are called _______________ fragments.

Answer 3

l

Question 4

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) helicases
b) Type I
c) Type II
d) G-rich strand
e) telomeres
f) topoisomerases
g) DNA polymerase
h) A-DNA
i) trombone-slide model
j) template
k) Holliday
l) Okazaki
_______________ catalyzes the addition of deoxyribonucleotides to DNA.

Question 5

Elongation of the DNA strand proceeds in the __________________ direction.

Question 6

The dimeric β2 subunit of DNA polymerase III acts as a(n) __________________.

Question 7

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) helicases
b) Type I
c) Type II
d) G-rich strand
e) telomeres
f) topoisomerases
g) DNA polymerase
h) A-DNA
i) trombone-slide model
j) template
k) Holliday
l) Okazaki
The ends of chromosomes are called _______________.

Question 8

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) helicases
b) Type I
c) Type II
d) G-rich strand
e) telomeres
f) topoisomerases
g) DNA polymerase
h) A-DNA
i) trombone-slide model
j) template
k) Holliday
l) Okazaki
Proteins that use ATP hydrolysis to separate the DNA during replication are called _______________.

Question 9

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) helicases
b) Type I
c) Type II
d) G-rich strand
e) telomeres
f) topoisomerases
g) DNA polymerase
h) A-DNA
i) trombone-slide model
j) template
k) Holliday
l) Okazaki
The type of topoisomerase that does not require ATP is _______________.

Question 10

Type ________________ topoisomerase introduces negative supercoils in DNA, while type ________________ topoisomerase relaxes supercoil structures.

Question 11

The DNA strand that is replicated continuously is known as the __________________ strand.

Question 12

coli, dnaA protein binds to the __________________.

Question 13

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) helicases
b) Type I
c) Type II
d) G-rich strand
e) telomeres
f) topoisomerases
g) DNA polymerase
h) A-DNA
i) trombone-slide model
j) template
k) Holliday
l) Okazaki
DNA can serve as a(n) _______________ to direct synthesis of the complementary strand of DNA or RNA.

Question 14

During DNA replication, the RNA primer pieces are removed by __________________.

Question 15

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) helicases
b) Type I
c) Type II
d) G-rich strand
e) telomeres
f) topoisomerases
g) DNA polymerase
h) A-DNA
i) trombone-slide model
j) template
k) Holliday
l) Okazaki
_______________ is critical in the formation of a telomere.

Question 16

The primer for DNA synthesis is an RNA molecule formed by the enzyme ________________.

Question 17

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) helicases
b) Type I
c) Type II
d) G-rich strand
e) telomeres
f) topoisomerases
g) DNA polymerase
h) A-DNA
i) trombone-slide model
j) template
k) Holliday
l) Okazaki
The type of topoisomerase that can introduce supercoils is _______________.

Question 18

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) helicases
b) Type I
c) Type II
d) G-rich strand
e) telomeres
f) topoisomerases
g) DNA polymerase
h) A-DNA
i) trombone-slide model
j) template
k) Holliday
l) Okazaki
The strands of DNA must be relaxed or unwound for replication by _______________.

Question 19

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) helicases
b) Type I
c) Type II
d) G-rich strand
e) telomeres
f) topoisomerases
g) DNA polymerase
h) A-DNA
i) trombone-slide model
j) template
k) Holliday
l) Okazaki
The _______________ describes the lengthening of the loop formed by the lagging strand during replication.

Question 20

Proofreading by DNA polymerase increases accuracy by a factor of _________________ times.

Question 21

The Klenow fragment:

A) has primase activity.
B) is an E. coli DNA polymerase fragment.
C) has exonuclease activity.
D) A and B.
E) B and C.

Question 22

Coli DNA polymerases?

A) There are five structural classes.
B) All have finger and thumb domains that wrap around the DNA.
C) All catalyze the same reaction, which requires metal cofactors.
D) B and C.
E) A, B, and C.

Question 23

What are the minimal requirements for DNA replication?

Question 24

Replication moves from the:

A) 5` → 3` direction.
B) 3` → 5` direction.
C) 5` → 5` direction.
D) 3` → 3` direction.
E) None of the above.

Question 25

Involves:

A) an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase.
B) GC capping.
C) looping of the DNA ends.
D) helicase-dependent ATP melting of the strands.
E) None of the above.

Question 26

How are breaks sealed in discontinuous DNA formed during replication?

Question 27

What is a processive polymerase enzyme versus a distributive polymerase enzyme?

Question 28

The ends of the eukaryotic chromosomes are called:

A) pyrimidine caps.
B) telomeres.
C) G-rich ends.
D) replicon ends.
E) None of the above.

Question 29

This structure involves a G-rich repeating sequence and forms a:

A) replication fork.
B) large duplex loop.
C) supercoiled loop.
D) displacement loop
E) None of the above.

Question 30

How can the leading and lagging strands be synthesized in a coordinated fashion?

A) Specific enzymes control the size of the DNA opening.
B) Lagging-strand binding proteins inhibit leading-strand replication if the strands become disproportionate in size.
C) Polymerase III is a dimeric holoenzyme, and the looped lagging strand allows the enzyme to proceed in the same direction with each strand.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 31

Why are enzymes, other than DNA polymerase, required for replication?

Question 32

The observed error rate in DNA replication is:

A) 1 per 106 nucleotides.
B) 1 per 104 nucleotides.
C) 1 per 108 nucleotides.
D) 1 per 1015 nucleotides.
E) None of the above.

Question 33

What function does helicase perform during replication?

A) It stabilizes the negative charge of the transition state.
B) It utilizes ATP to power strand separation.
C) It adds negative supercoils to DNA.
D) A and C.
E) None of the above.

Question 34

DNA clamps:

A) are composed of β2 subunits.
B) form a ring around the front of the fork of DNA.
C) allow the polymerase to move along the DNA molecule without falling off.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 35

What is the difference between Type I and Type II topoisomerase with respect to the thermodynamics of the reactions catalyzed?

Question 36

Polymerase I has which of the following?

A) a 3` → 5` exonuclease site.
B) a 5` → 3` exonuclease site.
C) C locus binding site.
D) A and B.
E) A, B, and C.

Question 37

How is replication specificity dictated?

A) Watson-Crick hydrogen bonding must occur.
B) Enzyme interactions with the DNA act as a "ruler" to determine whether the properly spaced base pair has been formed.
C) The bond is broken and reformed to ensure its accurate placement at each base pair.
D) A and B.
E) A, B, and C.

Question 38

What do DNA polymerases require for replication to begin?

A) supercoiled DNA
B) single-stranded template DNA
C) a primer strand to elongate
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 39

What is DNA gyrase?

A) a bacterial topoisomerase II
B) a bacterial topoisomerase I
C) a bacterial helicase
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 40

The term processivity:

A) indicates the error rate for a polymerase.
B) is the deletion of one or more bases in the DNA.
C) is specifically the speed of replication.
D) is the ability to catalyze many reactions without releasing substrate.
E) A, B, and C.

Question 41

How does the trombone-slide mechanism work to coordinate replication?

Question 42

How is the processivity of DNA polymerase III accomplished?

Question 43

How are single-stranded regions of DNA maintained?

Question 44

Write the chemical reaction for the addition of the dNTP to a DNA strand at the 3` end.

Question 45

Why is DNA gyrase the target for several different antibiotics?