Deck 5: Civil Rights

Question 1

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits businesses from making discriminatory hiring decisions based on which inherent characteristics?

A) age and disability
B) race, color, and sex
C) religion and national origin
D) sexual orientation
E) race, color, sex, religion, and national origin

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which 1857 Supreme Court decision set the stage for the Civil War by mobilizing the abolitionist movement?

A) Brown v. Board of Education
B) Marbury v. Madison
C) Dred Scott v. Sandford
D) Lochner v. Ellison
E) Loving v. Virginia

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which African American writer, scholar, and social activist is considered the father of social science?

A) Oswald Garrison Villard
B) William Lloyd Garrison
C) Richard Wright
D) Ralph Ellison
E) W. E. B. Du Bois

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The Constitution imposes responsibilities, or civil rights, on which of the following groups?

A) government officials
B) private citizens
C) private organizations
D) government employees
E) government officials and government employees

Question 5

Which constitutional amendments were passed in the aftermath of the Civil War, and codified the victory of the North?

A) Twelfth and Thirteenth
B) Twelfth, Thirteenth, and Fourteenth
C) Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth
D) Fourteenth, Fifteenth, and Sixteenth
E) Fifteenth and Sixteenth

Question 6

Sex-based discrimination cases are subject to which legal treatment test?

A) incitement test
B) strict scrutiny test
C) heightened scrutiny test
D) imminent lawless action test
E) ordinary scrutiny test

Question 7

The active yet nonviolent refusal to comply with morally-objectionable laws, used by abolitionist organizations like the American Anti-Slavery Society and civil rights activists like Martin Luther King, Jr., is known as what?

A) affirmative action
B) intersectionality
C) strict scrutiny
D) affirmative disobedience
E) civil disobedience

Question 8

Another name for the Civil Rights Act of 1872, which made it a federal crime to deprive individuals of their rights, is the

A) Enforcement Act.
B) Anti-Ku Klux Klan Act.
C) Voting Rights Act.
D) Equal Voting Rights Act.
E) Equal Opportunity Act.

Question 9

Which Supreme Court decision ended the federal government's support for separate but equal practices in the southern states?

A) Plessy v. Ferguson
B) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
C) Loving v. Virginia
D) Miller v. California
E) Minor v. Happersett

Question 10

Which 1967 case determined unconstitutional state laws barring interracial marriage?

A) Loving v. Virginia
B) Dear v. Minnesota
C) Furman v. Georgia
D) Minor v. Happersett
E) Bradwell v. Illinois

Question 11

In which year did Congress pass the Missouri Compromise, which sought to regulate slavery in the western territories?

A) 1810
B) 1820
C) 1830
D) 1840
E) 1850

Question 12

Which test is applied by the courts in cases related to suspect classifications?

A) ordinary scrutiny test
B) imminent lawless action test
C) heightened scrutiny test
D) strict scrutiny test
E) incitement test

Question 13

Which aspect of racial discrimination became the primary target of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) in its first decades of existence?

A) Black Codes
B) Jim Crow laws
C) separate but equal doctrine
D) de jure segregation
E) standing to sue

Question 14

Laws passed immediately after the Civil War by southern states that limited the rights of "freemen", or former slaves, were known as

A) Reconstruction laws.
B) Jim Crow laws.
C) voting rights laws.
D) Black Codes.
E) freedmen's regulations.

Question 15

Which tests do the courts apply to determine when unequal treatment is legal?

A) imminent lawless action test and incitement test
B) strict scrutiny test and ordinary scrutiny test
C) strict scrutiny test, heightened scrutiny test, and ordinary scrutiny test
D) imminent lawless action test and strict scrutiny test
E) incitement test and heightened scrutiny test

Question 16

Which of the following were used in southern states during the Jim Crow era to deny African Americans their voting rights?

A) white primaries
B) literacy tests
C) poll taxes
D) grandfather clauses
E) All these answers are correct.

Question 17

Which of the following did NOT help to sway public opinion in favor of the abolitionists in the 1850s?

A) the Underground Railroad
B) Uncle Tom's Cabin
C) Dred Scot v. Sandford
D) John Brown's execution
E) Plessy v. Ferguson

Question 18

Which Court ruling created the separate but equal doctrine, which upheld state laws that mandated racial separation in schools and all public accommodations?

A) Dred Scott v. Sandford
B) Plessy v. Ferguson
C) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
D) Craig v. Boren
E) Bowers v. Hardwick

Question 19

In what year were women granted the right to vote in the United States?

A) 1909
B) 1916
C) 1920
D) 1929
E) 1930

Question 20

Using the ordinary scrutiny test, courts have been willing to allow what type of differential treatment?

A) sex-based
B) age-based
C) race-based
D) ethnic-based
E) religion-based

Question 21

Segregation that happens because of the tendency of people to live in neighborhoods with others of their own race, religion, or ethnic group is known as

A) steering.
B) de facto segregation.
C) de jure segregation.
D) Jim Crow.
E) the Black Codes.

Question 22

Southern miscegenation laws that banned interracial marriage or cohabitation are an example of

A) a grandfather clause.
B) de jure segregation.
C) de facto segregation.
D) the separate but equal doctrine.
E) the Black Codes.

Question 23

Women were provided equal protection under the law by

A) the Equal Pay Act.
B) Title VII.
C) Title IX.
D) the Equal Rights Amendment.
E) Title VII, Title IX, and the Equal Pay Act.

Question 24

Who was the first African American to sit on the U.S. Supreme Court?

A) Thurgood Marshall
B) Clarence Thomas
C) W. E. B. Du Bois
D) Oswald Garrison Villard
E) Richard Wright

Question 25

Where did most of the initial battles for women's rights take place?

A) at the federal level
B) in the courts
C) in the home
D) with the president
E) at the state level

Question 26

When did the second wave of the women's movement begin?

A) 1930s
B) 1940s
C) 1950s
D) 1960s
E) 1970s

Question 27

________, part of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, establishes a standard of equality in employment opportunity, and establishes a body of law that regulates legal employment practices.

A) Title III
B) Title IV
C) Title V
D) Title VI
E) Title VII

Question 28

The experience of facing discrimination for multiple reasons, such as because you are black, low-income, and female is known as

A) steering.
B) de facto segregation.
C) de jure segregation.
D) intersectionality.
E) heightened scrutiny.

Question 29

The mass movement for Mexican American civil rights, of which Cesar Chavez was a leader, is known as

A) the Latino Movement.
B) LULAC.
C) the Chicano Movement.
D) NALEO.
E) the Lambda Legal Movement.

Question 30

Which 1971 Court decision established Latinos as a legally recognized minority group in the United States?

A) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
B) United States v. Lopez
C) Mendez v. Westminister
D) Corpus Christi Independent School District v. Cisneros
E) Lawrence v. Texas

Question 31

In 1848, Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized the first meeting of the U.S. women's rights movement at

A) Seneca Falls, New York.
B) Chicago, Illinois.
C) St. Louis, Missouri.
D) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
E) Charleston, South Carolina.

Question 32

Under the 1976 case of Craig v. Boren, in order for different treatment in a sex-based discrimination case to be legal it must be

A) necessary to achieve a compelling public interest.
B) a reasonable means for achieving a legitimate public interest.
C) substantially related to an important government interest.
D) rationally related to a legitimate government interest.
E) narrowly tailored because it deals with a suspect classification.

Question 33

Which civil rights legislation banned discriminatory voter registration practices, and mandated federal intervention in any county with less than 50 percent of those eligible registered to vote?

A) Civil Rights Act of 1964
B) Voting Rights Act of 1965
C) Civil Rights Act of 1965
D) Civil Rights Act of 1968
E) Voting Rights Act of 1968

Question 34

The Montgomery bus boycott began after the arrest of whom for refusing to give up a seat on the bus for a white man?

A) Martin Luther King, Jr.
B) Rosa Parks
C) Homer Plessy
D) Fannie Lou Hamer
E) Thurgood Marshall

Question 35

Which is the largest minority group in the United States?

A) African Americans
B) Asian Americans
C) Latinos
D) Native Americans
E) None of these answers is correct.

Question 36

Which amendment to the Constitution prohibits the federal government from abridging or denying citizens the right to vote on account of sex?

A) Twentieth
B) Twenty-First
C) Nineteenth
D) Eighteenth
E) Fourteenth

Question 37

What outcome resulted from most of the 370 treaties entered into between Native American tribes and the federal government between 1778 and 1870?

A) The tribes received access to land.
B) The tribes were granted resource and occupancy rights, but not land.
C) The tribes and the federal government reached financial settlements.
D) The federal government reneged on its promises, and tribes received no land.
E) The tribes sued the federal government for increased lands, and often won.

Question 38

Which legal case was the first to argue that the Fourteenth Amendment's protections also applied to women?

A) Bradwell v. Illinois
B) Minor v. Happersett
C) Reed v. Reed
D) Craig v. Boren
E) Lawrence v. Texas

Question 39

Which Native American movement, formed in 1968, pursued aggressive tactics in an attempt to gain full legal equality?

A) American Indian Movement
B) American Indian Defense Association
C) Indian Rights Association
D) Society of American Indians
E) Native Americans for Justice

Question 40

In what city was Martin Luther King, Jr. assassinated in 1968, setting off riots in more than 100 cities?

A) Montgomery, Alabama
B) Atlanta, Georgia
C) Memphis, Tennessee
D) Dallas, Texas
E) Watts, California

Question 41

Private companies, nonprofit organizations, and government agencies that receive federal government contracts worth at least ________ are required by law to have an affirmative action plan.

A) $1,000
B) $5,000
C) $10,000
D) $50,000
E) $100,000

Question 42

Colleges and universities use affirmative action policies to ensure a student body that is diverse in

A) race.
B) color.
C) economic status.
D) place of origin.
E) race, color, economic status, and place of origin.

Question 43

Outline the important provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Question 44

Which of the following statements about legal protections of LGBT citizens' legal rights is the most accurate?

A) Most LGBT-based discrimination is prohibited under federal law.
B) Pursuant to executive order, most LGBT discrimination is illegal.
C) Most LGBT legal protection comes from state antidiscrimination laws.
D) Outside of Supreme Court jurisprudence, there is no other prohibition against LGBT-based discrimination.
E) Legal protection for the LGBT community comes from both federal and the majority of state laws.

Question 45

In Grutter v. Bollinger the Supreme Court ruled that in making admissions decisions universities could consider race

A) not at all.
B) as long as it was rationally related to a reasonable university policy.
C) as a factor, but not an overriding factor.
D) as its sole consideration.
E) only if the university could show a lack of diversity.

Question 46

Discuss the effects of the ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) of 1990 on the civil rights of disabled Americans.

Question 47

Discuss the role played by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in developing effective strategies against racial discrimination.D.C. His strategy was effective, even after his assassination in Memphis in 1968.

Question 48

Identify the three tests used by the federal government to determine the legality of suspect classifications.

Question 49

What year saw the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act, which enhances the federal prohibition of discrimination against people with disabilities?

A) 1968
B) 1973
C) 1988
D) 1990
E) 2008

Question 50

Discuss the development and impact of the Chicano Movement on the process of achieving equal rights for Hispanic Americans.

Question 51

Discuss the origins and features of Jim Crow laws.

Question 52

From which country of origin does the largest percentage of Asian Americans derive?

A) India
B) China
C) Japan
D) Korea
E) the Philippines

Question 53

Attacks against individuals are considered hate crimes under most state law based on all the following biases EXCEPT

A) race or color.
B) religious persuasion.
C) nationality or ethnicity.
D) disability.
E) gender identity or sexual orientation.

Question 54

Critics of affirmative action argue that it

A) unreasonably favors certain minority groups over others.
B) discriminates against Caucasian Americans.
C) is a waste of federal resources.
D) contains too many loopholes and exceptions.
E) is no longer needed, as no discrimination exists in America today.

Question 55

Identify the purpose and impact of the 1988 Indian Gaming Regulatory Act.

Question 56

Explain the impact of the civil rights movement on voter registration in the southern states.

Question 57

Which U.S. president was the first to define and use the term affirmative action?

A) Franklin Roosevelt
B) Dwight Eisenhower
C) John F. Kennedy
D) Lyndon Johnson
E) Jimmy Carter

Question 58

Discuss the reasons behind the failure to ratify the ERA (Equal Rights Amendment).

Question 59

Which minority group enjoys the highest median income?

A) African Americans
B) Mexican Americans
C) Asian Americans
D) Native Americans
E) Latinos

Question 60

Explain the key features of the separate but equal doctrine created by the Court's ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson.