Deck 1: Matter and Energy: The Origin of the Universe

Question 1

Table sugar (sucrose) with the formula C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ is ________
I. an element.
II. a compound.
III. a mixture.

A)Only I
B)Only II
C)Only III
D)Both I and III
E)Both II and III

Answer 1

Only II

Question 2

Which one of the following is not classified correctly?

A)Distilled water is a compound.
B)Gold is an element.
C)Air is a solution.
D)Table salt (sodium chloride) is a mixture.
E)Salad dressing is a suspension.

Answer 2

Table salt (sodium chloride) is a mixture.

Question 3

Which one of the following statements is not correct?

A)Sodium and chlorine are elements.
B)Sodium chloride (table salt) is a compound.
C)Sodium chloride is a pure substance.
D)Sodium chloride is a heterogeneous mixture.
E)Sodium chloride added to water forms a solution.

Answer 3

Sodium chloride is a heterogeneous mixture.

Question 4

Which one of the following statements is not correct?

A)Helium is an element.
B)Table salt (sodium chloride) is a compound.
C)Water is a pure substance.
D)Air is a solution.
E)Elements occur only in the form of individual atoms.

Question 5

Which one of the following statements is not correct?

A)A compound has a specific constant composition.
B)The composition of a mixture can vary.
C)A compound has specific constant properties.
D)The properties of a mixture can vary.
E)Mixtures can not be homogeneous.

Question 6

An element ________

A)can be separated into its components by physical methods.
B)may have different chemical properties depending on its source.
C)cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical methods.
D)can also be a compound.
E)exists only as an atom and not as a molecule.

Question 7

Identify the incorrect statement(s). A solution ________
I. can be a solid, liquid, or gas.
II. can be heterogeneous or homogeneous.
III. is a homogeneous mixture.

A)Only I is incorrect.
B)Only II is incorrect.
C)Only III is incorrect.
D)Both I and II are incorrect.
E)Both I and III are incorrect.

Question 8

Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture?

A)air
B)sugar dissolved in water
C)muddy river water
D)brass (an alloy of copper and zinc)
E)table salt (sodium chloride)

Question 9

Which one of the following is a mixture?

A)an aqueous solution of sugar
B)pure water
C)nitrogen gas
D)copper metal
E)table salt (sodium chloride)

Question 10

Orange juice with pulp is an example of ________

A)a pure substance.
B)a heterogeneous mixture.
C)a compound.
D)an element.
E)a homogeneous mixture.

Question 11

Identify the incorrect statement(s). A pure substance can be ________
I. an element or a compound.
II. heterogeneous or homogeneous.
III. a solution.

A)Only I is incorrect.
B)Only II is incorrect.
C)Only III is incorrect.
D)Both I and II are incorrect.
E)Both II and III are incorrect.

Question 12

Which one of the following is not a correct statement?

A)Vodka is a solution.
B)Water (H₂O) is a compound.
C)Sodium chloride (table salt) is a compound.
D)Silver is an element.
E)Sugar dissolved in water is a heterogeneous mixture.

Question 13

A heterogeneous mixture ________

A)can only be separated into its components by chemical methods.
B)involves substances solely in the gas phase.
C)has non-uniform sample composition.
D)exclusively refers to substances in the same phase.
E)is also called a solution.

Question 14

Which of the following is not a pure substance?

A)air
B)nitrogen gas
C)oxygen gas
D)argon gas
E)table salt (sodium chloride)

Question 15

A pure substance ________

A)can not be separated into simpler substances by physical means.
B)can have a composition that varies from sample to sample.
C)must be an element.
D)has different chemical and physical properties depending on its source.
E)must be a compound.

Question 16

Which of the following is a pure substance?

A)mineral water
B)blood
C)brass (an alloy of copper and zinc)
D)sucrose (table sugar)
E)beer

Question 17

Which of the following is an element?

A)Cl₂
B)H₂O
C)NaCl
D)MgO
E)HCl

Question 18

Which of the following is not a homogeneous mixture?

A)vinegar
B)Italian salad dressing
C)a can of soda
D)antifreeze
E)ketchup

Question 19

Which one of the following is not a chemical reaction?

A)dynamite exploding
B)iron rusting
C)wood burning
D)water turning to steam
E)eggs cooking

Question 20

Which of the following depicts a heterogeneous mixture?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)None of the above are heterogeneous mixtures.

Question 21

Which one of the following statements is not correct?

A)Dry ice subliming is a physical change.
B)Methanol burning is a chemical reaction.
C)Sugar dissolving in water is a physical change.
D)Bleaching your hair is a chemical change (reaction), even though it changes your physical appearance.
E)Liquid water turning into steam is a chemical reaction.

Question 22

Which of the following is not a chemical property of chlorine?

A)reduction by water to form HCl and dioxygen
B)decomposition to yield two chlorine radicals upon heating
C)freezing at - 102 °C
D)reaction with methane produces chloromethane
E)conversion to sodium chloride by addition of sodium metal

Question 23

The law of constant composition states that ________

A)compounds such as NO₂ and SO₂ have identical chemical properties.
B)the elements forming a particular compound always combine in the same proportions.
C)nitrogen and oxygen can combine to form NO or NO₂.
D)compounds such as NO and NO₂ have identical chemical properties.
E)only one compound can be produced when two elements combine.

Question 24

Atoms are to molecules as ________

A)a country to a state or province.
B)soda is to orange juice.
C)cars are to trucks.
D)a washer is to a dryer.
E)letters are to words.

Question 25

Which technique would allow separation of the following substances?

A)distillation
B)extraction
C)filtration
D)recrystallization
E)chromatography

Question 26

Which of the following mixtures can be separated by filtration?

A)sugar dissolved in coffee
B)sand and water
C)gasoline
D)alcohol dissolved in water
E)air

Question 27

Which statement A-D about the reaction of methane with oxygen, which is called combustion and is represented by the reaction equation below, is not correct? The reaction products are carbon dioxide and water.
CH₄ 2O₂ CO₂ 2H₂O

A)One molecule of methane combines with two molecules of oxygen.
B)The products are one molecule of carbon dioxide and two molecules of water.
C)The equation is balanced because the number of atoms of each element does not change.
D)Four atoms of hydrogen combine with four atoms of oxygen to produce water.
E)Statements A-D all are correct.

Question 28

A metal object that has a density of 5.2 g/cm³ occupies a volume of 3.7 cm³. What is the mass of the object?

A)1.4 g
B)19 g
C)0.71 g
D)8.9 g
E)3.7 g

Question 29

Which of the following processes is a chemical reaction?

A)distillation
B)combustion
C)filtration
D)condensation
E)sublimation

Question 30

Which one of the following is not a physical property?

A)flammability
B)electrical conductivity
C)color
D)density
E)boiling point

Question 31

Which of the following represents a chemical property of copper metal?

A)Copper metal conducts heat.
B)Copper metal reacts with nitric acid to produce copper(II) nitrate.
C)Copper metal melts at 1085 °C.
D)Copper metal conducts electricity.
E)Copper metal has an orange color.

Question 32

Which one of the following is not a physical process or change?

A)natural gas burning
B)water boiling
C)ice melting
D)iodine vaporizing
E)alcohol evaporating

Question 33

Which of the following does not represent a physical property of caffeine?

A)Caffeine melts at 238 °C.
B)Caffeine dissolves in water.
C)Caffeine has a density of 1.23 g/mL.
D)In the body, caffeine reacts with adenosine receptors in the central nervous system.
E)Caffeine is a white powder.

Question 34

Molecules are represented in various ways. Which statement A-D about molecular representations is not correct.

A)A molecular or chemical formula identifies the elements and the number of atoms of each that comprise a molecule of a compound.
B)A structural formula shows how the atoms are bonded together but does not necessarily indicate the bond angles or three-dimensional shape of the molecule.
C)A ball-and-stick model shows bond angles and the three-dimensional shape of a molecule.
D)A space-filling model best represents the size of the atoms and distribution of electrons in a molecule.
E)Statements A-D all are correct.

Question 35

The density of iron is 7.9 g/cm³. What is the volume of a 4.5 kg iron block?

A)570 cm³
B)0.570 cm³
C)3.56 10⁴ cm³
D)35.6 cm³
E)1.76 cm³

Question 36

A significant difference in boiling points of two liquids could provide the basis for separation by what physical method?

A)distillation
B)extraction
C)filtration
D)recrystalization
E)chromatography

Question 37

Filtration can be used to separate components in a mixture based on differences in ________

A)solubility.
B)boiling point.
C)melting point.
D)particle size.
E)color.

Question 38

The following representation of ammonia is a ________

A)space-filling model.
B)structural formula.
C)chemical formula.
D)ball-and-stick model.
E)Newman projection.

Question 39

Which statement A-D about the reaction of nitrogen monoxide with oxygen, which is called combustion and is represented below by the following cartoon, is not correct? The reaction product is nitrogen dioxide.

A)Two molecules of nitrogen monoxide combine with one molecule of oxygen.
B)Two atoms of nitrogen combine with four atoms of oxygen to produce two molecules of nitrogen dioxide.
C)The equation is balanced because the number of atoms of each element does not change.
D)The products are two molecules of nitrogen dioxide and released energy.
E)Statements A-D all are correct.

Question 40

An example of a chemical property of formaldehyde (CH₂O) is ________

A)it is flammable.
B)it has a density of 1.09 g/mL.
C)it is colorless.
D)it dissolves in water.
E)it is a gas at room temperature.

Question 41

When you place a piece of dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) on a plate at room temperature, you notice that no liquid forms, unlike ice that melts to form liquid water. This is because dry ice ________

A)as a liquid quickly evaporates.
B)undergoes deposition instead of melting.
C)sublimes instead of melting.
D)does not exist in the liquid form at room temperature and pressure.
E)contains no water.

Question 42

A solid forming a liquid is called ________

A)sublimation.
B)deposition.
C)melting.
D)freezing.
E)vaporization.

Question 43

Which represents an intensive property?

A)Hydrogen gas has mass.
B)Hydrogen gas has a given density.
C)A balloon filled with hydrogen gas has a given volume.
D)Hydrogen releases a given amount of energy when it reacts with oxygen.
E)Hydrogen gas in a steel tank exerts a given pressure.

Question 44

Extensive properties are ________

A)physical properties and not chemical properties.
B)identical for all substances.
C)independent of the volume of substance present.
D)dependent on the amount of substance.
E)dependent on factors external to the substance itself.

Question 45

Jupiter's mass is estimated to be 1.90 10²⁷ kg, and it has a diameter of 142,984 km. Assuming that Jupiter is spherical, estimate its density (the volume of a sphere is (4 r³) /3).

A)0.620 g/cm³
B)1.61 g/cm³
C)1.24 g/cm³
D)0.00124 g/cm³
E)1240 g/cm³

Question 46

A solid directly forming a vapor or gas is called ________

A)sublimation.
B)deposition.
C)melting.
D)freezing.
E)vaporization.

Question 47

What change of state is represented by the following diagram?

A)freezing
B)sublimation
C)deposition
D)condensation
E)melting

Question 48

During winter in Siberia, a tenant in a high-rise apartment building dumped a liter of steam (gaseous water) from a container off his balcony. Before it reached the ground, solid snow formed without observation of liquid water. The phase transition described by this process is called ________

A)melting.
B)condensation.
C)deposition.
D)freezing.
E)sublimation.

Question 49

Which of the following statements correctly describes the properties of a liquid?

A)A liquid does not have a definite shape.
B)A liquid occupies the entire volume of its container.
C)A liquid is highly compressible.
D)A liquid contains molecules that are separated from one another by large distances.
E)A liquid is highly ordered, such that molecules remain rigidly in place.

Question 50

A gas forming a liquid is called ________

A)condensation.
B)deposition.
C)melting.
D)freezing.
E)vaporization.

Question 51

In the movie The Italian Job, thieves steal gold bullion. One plan is to carry the ingots of gold off in suitcases. If each suitcase were 19 inches 14 inches 10 inches, approximately how much would each suitcase weigh when filled with gold? The volume of each suitcase is 4.4 10⁴ mL, the molar mass of gold is 197 g/mol, and the density of gold is 19.3 g/mL.

A)2,300 g
B)850 kg
C)4,300 g
D)167 mg
E)550 kg

Question 52

What change of state is represented by the following diagram?

A)freezing
B)sublimation
C)vaporization
D)condensation
E)melting

Question 53

Deposition is the process in which a ________ is converted into a ________.

A)liquid; solid
B)gas; liquid
C)gas; solid
D)liquid; gas
E)solid; liquid

Question 54

Which diagram depicts the process of sublimation (an asterisk denotes the initial phase of the substance)?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 55

If you had equal masses of each of the following substances, which would occupy the greatest volume?

A)ice (d 0.917 g/mL)
B)water (d 0.997 g/mL)
C)beeswax (d 0.960 g/mL)
D)cocoa butter (d 0.910 g/mL)
E)aluminum (d 2.70 g/mL)

Question 56

Three metals, and their densities, are shown below. If each were added to the same volume of water (density 1.00 cm³), which metal(s) would sink?

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)1 and 2 only
E)1 and 3 only

Question 57

Which diagram shown below represents condensation (an asterisk denotes the initial phase of the substance)?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 58

A hypothesis is ________

A)an explanation that cannot be validated.
B)a scientific theory used to explain observations.
C)an explanation of observed processes that needs to be tested.
D)the entire process through which scientific phenomena are explained.
E)one side of a right triangle.

Question 59

A vapor or gas forming a solid is called ________

A)sublimation.
B)deposition.
C)melting.
D)freezing.
E)vaporization.

Question 60

________ is an example of an extensive property.

A)Density
B)Boiling point
C)Color
D)Volume
E)Malleability

Question 61

What would you report for the total mass of three samples weighing 106.2 g, 33.15 g, and 0.028 g?

A)139 g
B)139.3 g
C)139.4 g
D)139.38 g
E)139.378 g

Question 62

Electromagnetic radiation in the mid-infrared region of the spectrum has wavelengths around 0.6 $\mu$ m. Express this wavelength in meters using exponential notation (1 m 10^-6 m).

A)1.06 10^-6 m
B)1.06 10^-5 m
C)1.06 m
D)1.06 10⁷ m
E)1.06 10⁵ m

Question 63

If the following operations are carried out, how many significant figures should be reported in the answer?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 64

Which of the following is the SI base unit for mass?

A)g
B)kg
C)mg
D)lb
E)m

Question 65

If the following operations are carried out, how would the final answer be reported?

A)195.19
B)195.2
C)195
D)2.00 10²
E)195.5

Question 66

The diameter of the sun is 1,390,000 km. In scientific notation this is ________

A)1.39 10^-6 km.
B)1.39 10^-3 km.
C)1.39 10⁶ km.
D)1.39 10³ km.
E)1.39 10⁸ m.

Question 67

John Dalton postulated that all matter is composed of small particles called atoms. For this proposition to be considered a valid scientific theory, ________

A)it must be supported by experimental evidence and testing.
B)it must be impossible to prove wrong by experiment.
C)all possible experiments must never find an exception to it.
D)some, but only a few, experiments may find exceptions to it.
E)it must be voted on by the scientific community and accepted by all.

Question 68

The number 3.42 10³ converted from scientific notation would be written as ________ and contain ________ significant figures.

A)0.00342; three
B)0.00342; five
C)3.42; three
D)3420; three
E)3420; four

Question 69

The symbol and name corresponding to the factor 10^-6 is ________

A)f, femto.
B)p, pico.
C)n, nano.
D)( , micro.)
E)m, milli.

Question 70

Given the following figure, which of the measurements listed is the best estimate of the length of the aluminum rod?

A)1.8 cm
B)1.81 cm
C)1.810 cm
D)1.9 cm
E)2 cm

Question 71

How many 100 mg tablets can be produced from 100 kg of a pharmaceutical product?

A)1,000
B)10,000
C)100,000
D)1,000,000
E)10,000,000

Question 72

If the following operations are carried out, how many significant figures should be reported in the answer?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 73

Which of the following is a base SI unit?

A)g
B)mmol
C)(°C.)
D)s
E)cm

Question 74

Which of the following is the most massive?

A)2.5 kg of oxygen gas
B)0.25 kg of iron
C)2.5 g of sodium chloride (table salt)
D)250 g of helium gas
E)250 mg of aluminum

Question 75

The prefix nano corresponds to a factor of ________

A)10⁹.
B)10³.
C)10^-3.
D)10-6.
E)10^-9.

Question 76

The measurement 54.40 m contains ________ significant figure(s).

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)five

Question 77

Which of the following length measurements is the shortest?

A)a 1.1 cm button
B)a 1.1 10³ mm piece of string
C)a 1.1 $\mu$ m long insect
D)a 1.1 10^-4 km diameter coin
E)a 0.11 m piece of tape

Question 78

Medicines usually are dispensed in units of mg. What is the mass of a 50 mg tablet?

A)50 grams
B)5.0 grams
C)0.50 grams
D)0.050 grams
E)0.0050 grams

Question 79

Which of the following quantities has two significant figures?

A)0.4
B)101
C)1.10 10³
D)0.0092
E)0.520

Question 80

If the following operations are carried out, how many significant figures should be reported in the answer?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5