Question 1

The condensation of water vapor in the atmosphere and subsequent transfer to the ocean via precipitation is an example of a(n)&#10;A) cycle.&#10;B) system.&#10;C) method.&#10;D) hypothesis

Accepted Answer

The condensation of water vapor and its transfer to the ocean via precipitation represents a continuous process of evaporation, condensation, and precipitation, thus forming a cycle known as the water cycle or hydrologic cycle. Therefore, option A is the best choice. Option B, system, is not incorrect but not as specific as the water cycle. Option C, method, is not an appropriate term to describe this natural phenomenon. Option D, hypothesis, is not relevant to this context because it refers to a proposed explanation based on limited evidence.

Question 2

Rivers are part of which component of the Earth System?&#10;A) geosphere&#10;B) hydrosphere&#10;C) biosphere&#10;D) atmosphere

Accepted Answer

Rivers are part of the hydrosphere, which includes all of the Earth's water, including oceans, lakes, rivers, and groundwater.

Question 3

The interconnected web of interacting materials and processes on the Earth is known as the&#10;A) tectonic cycle.&#10;B) geosphere.&#10;C) hydrosphere.&#10;D) Earth system.

Accepted Answer

The Earth system refers to the complex network of physical, chemical, and biological interactions between all of the Earth's systems, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, and biosphere. This is a broader and more inclusive term than any of the other options listed.

Question 4

The _____________ is the division of geologic time that ended 541 million years ago.&#10;A) Precambrian&#10;B) Phanerozoic&#10;C) Paleozoic&#10;D) Cenozoic

Accepted Answer

The Precambrian is the correct answer because it encompasses the vast span of time before the current Phanerozoic Eon, ending around 541 million years ago with the start of the Cambrian period, which marks the beginning of the Paleozoic Era and the Phanerozoic Eon.

Question 5

____________ is a subdiscipline of geoscience that involves the study of rocks and their formation.&#10;A) Petrology&#10;B) Mineralogy&#10;C) Volcanology&#10;D) Paleontology

Accepted Answer

Petrology is the subdiscipline of geoscience that focuses on the study of rocks and their formation, including the processes that lead to their formation, identification, classification, and interpretation. Mineralogy is the study of minerals and their properties, Volcanology is the study of volcanic activity and its effects on the environment, and Paleontology is the study of fossils and ancient life. While these subdivisions of geoscience may overlap, Petrology is the most appropriate answer for the question.

Question 6

What is the study of the Earth called?&#10;A) biology&#10;B) chemistry&#10;C) geology&#10;D) physics

Accepted Answer

Geology is the study of the Earth, including its composition, structure, processes, and history. Biology is the study of living organisms, chemistry is the study of the composition, properties, and reactions of substances, and physics is the study of matter and energy and their interactions.

Question 7

From center to surface,our planet has the following layers:&#10;A) core-crust-mantle.&#10;B) core-mantle-crust.&#10;C) crust-mantle-core.&#10;D) mantle-core-crust.

Accepted Answer

The correct order from the center to the surface of the Earth is core, mantle, and crust. This means that the layers are arranged with the solid inner core at the center, surrounded by the liquid outer core, then the solid mantle, and finally the thin, solid crust on the surface. Therefore, the correct order is core-mantle-crust, which is option B.

Question 8

The subdiscipline of geology that is concerned with landscape formation and evolution is called which of the following?&#10;A) geomorphology&#10;B) geochemistry&#10;C) petrology&#10;D) seismology

Accepted Answer

Geomorphology is the study of the formation and evolution of landscapes, including landforms, rivers, coastlines, and mountains. Geochemistry is the study of the chemistry of rocks, minerals, soils, and water. Petrology is the study of rocks and their origins. Seismology is the study of earthquakes and seismic waves.

Question 9

The theory that describes the movement of the Earth's crust and the consequences of that movement is called&#10;A) plate tectonics.&#10;B) expanding Earth theory.&#10;C) geophysical flux.&#10;D) geologic time.

Accepted Answer

Plate tectonics is the theory that describes the movement of the Earth's crust, including the formation of continents, mountains, and oceanic rifts, as well as earthquakes and volcanic activity.

Question 10

The Earth is _______ years old.&#10;A) 4.56 million&#10;B) 4.56 billion&#10;C) 13.8 billion&#10;D) 14.5 billion

Accepted Answer

The most commonly accepted estimate for the age of the Earth is 4.56 billion years old. Option A is too small a number to account for the geological evidence we have. Options C and D are the age of the universe, not just the Earth.

Question 11

What is the main source of external energy to the Earth System?&#10;A) gravity&#10;B) convection&#10;C) radioactive decay&#10;D) the Sun

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the main source of external...

Question 12

Glaciers are part of which component of the Earth System?&#10;A) geosphere&#10;B) cryosphere&#10;C) biosphere&#10;D) atmosphere

Accepted Answer

The answer of Glaciers are part of which component of...

Question 13

The geosphere includes all of the following EXCEPT the&#10;A) mantle.&#10;B) crust.&#10;C) cryosphere.&#10;D) core.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The geosphere includes all of the following...

Question 14

The _____________ is the semirigid layer of the Earth that encompasses the crust and uppermost portion of the mantle.&#10;A) lithosphere&#10;B) asthenosphere&#10;C) geosphere&#10;D) mesosphere

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _____________ is the semirigid layer of...

Question 15

Which of the following newsworthy topics is LEAST related to an aspect of geology?&#10;A) a major earthquake in Turkey&#10;B) the eruption of a volcano in Mexico&#10;C) the collapse of a building in New York&#10;D) a mudslide in Santa Barbara,California

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following newsworthy topics is...

Question 16

Which source of energy is MOST likely responsible for plate tectonic movements?&#10;A) gravity&#10;B) internal energy&#10;C) external energy&#10;D) potential energy

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which source of energy is MOST likely...

Question 17

Groundwater is part of which realm?&#10;A) geosphere&#10;B) hydrosphere&#10;C) biosphere&#10;D) atmosphere

Accepted Answer

The answer of Groundwater is part of which realm?&#10;A) geosphere&#10;B)...

Question 18

________ is/are driven by heat within the Earth.Plate movement is a good example.&#10;A) Gravity&#10;B) Internal processes&#10;C) External processes&#10;D) Kinetic energy

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is/are driven by heat within the...

Question 19

The ______________ is a soft layer of the upper mantle.&#10;A) lithosphere&#10;B) asthenosphere&#10;C) geosphere&#10;D) mesosphere

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ______________ is a soft layer of...

Question 20

____________ is a subdiscipline of geoscience that involves the study of the physical properties,structure,and chemical behavior of minerals.&#10;A) Petrology&#10;B) Mineralogy&#10;C) Volcanology&#10;D) Paleontology

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________ is a subdiscipline of geoscience that...

Question 21

Scientists use the scientific method to guide their work.List the steps used in the scientific method.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Scientists use the scientific method to guide...

Question 22

Where does geologic discovery take place? Where do geologists typically work?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Where does geologic discovery take place? Where...

Question 23

Describe some of the reasons a person might want to study geology.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe some of the reasons a person...

Question 24

Geology is a synthesis of many sciences.Explain why this is true.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Geology is a synthesis of many sciences.Explain...

Question 25

Scientists guide their work using a sequence of steps for systematically analyzing scientific problems in a way that leads to verifiable results.This sequence is called the&#10;A) elemental method.&#10;B) scientific method.&#10;C) hypothesis.&#10;D) theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Scientists guide their work using a sequence...

Question 26

Which of the following statements is MOST true of a scientific theory?&#10;A) Theory is a scientific word for a hypothesis.&#10;B) A scientific theory is a new idea,yet to be tested.&#10;C) Scientific theories are truths that are too theoretical to be tested directly.&#10;D) A theory is a scientific idea supported by an abundance of evidence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements is MOST...

Question 27

What system divides the Earth history into intervals?&#10;A) geologic time scale&#10;B) universal time scale&#10;C) geochronological index&#10;D) isotopic measurement scale

Accepted Answer

The answer of What system divides the Earth history into...

Question 28

The geosphere encompasses the solid Earth.Explain how the Earth System consists of more than just the geosphere.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The geosphere encompasses the solid Earth.Explain how...

Question 29

Which of the following is MOST true of a scientific law?&#10;A) A scientific law is a possible explanation that can explain a set of data.&#10;B) A scientific law describes a specific relationship or phenomenon.&#10;C) A law is a scientific idea supported by an abundance of evidence.&#10;D) A scientific law explains why a natural phenomenon occurs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is MOST true...

Question 30

Which of the following is MOST true of hypotheses in science?&#10;A) A hypothesis is a possible natural explanation that can explain a set of data.&#10;B) A hypothesis must be delineated before the start of any scientific endeavor.&#10;C) A hypothesis is a scientific idea supported by an abundance of evidence.&#10;D) It is important that hypotheses are proved correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is MOST true...

Deck 30: Prelude: and Just What Is Geology