Deck 25: a Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils

Question 1

What type of weathering are you most likely to find occurring on the coast?

A) dissolution
B) thermal expansion
C) salt wedging
D) root wedging

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Hydration occurs when minerals

A) are dissolved into water.
B) are turned into rust.
C) absorb water and expand.
D) are removed by frost.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Salt water is the end product of this weathering process.

A) hydrolysis
B) dissolution
C) jointing
D) frost wedging

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What type of weathering are you most likely to find occurring in areas with cold climates?

A) hydrolysis
B) frost wedging
C) salt wedging
D) dissolution

Question 5

Which of the following is a type of physical weathering?

A) thermal expansion
B) dissolution
C) oxidation
D) hydration

Question 6

Which type of weathering process is happening to materials when they rust?

A) hydrolysis
B) hydration
C) oxidation
D) dissolution

Question 7

Chemical weathering involves the breakdown of material due to

A) mechanical breakdown of rock.
B) baking in the hot sun.
C) interaction with ice.
D) interaction with water or air.

Question 8

Why does physical weathering speed up the processes of chemical weathering?

A) Physical weathering requires abundant water,as does chemical weathering.
B) Physical weathering produces more surface area for chemical weathering to attack.
C) Chemical weathering can occur only on small surfaces,not large ones.
D) Chemical weathering requires salt,which is provided by salt wedging.

Question 9

Weathering results in

A) larger,less-rounded pieces.
B) larger,more-rounded pieces.
C) smaller,less-rounded pieces.
D) smaller,more-rounded pieces.

Question 10

What type of weathering has produced the honeycomb-like features shown in the following photo?

A) salt wedging
B) frost wedging
C) dissolution
D) hydration

Question 11

Dissolution occurs when minerals

A) are dissolved into water.
B) are turned into rust.
C) absorb water and expand.
D) are removed by frost.

Question 12

Which letter corresponds to the regolith in the following picture?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 13

The following is a picture of what type of phenomenon?

A) jointing
B) exfoliation
C) chemical weathering
D) hydration

Question 14

Which of the following are NOT considered sediments?

A) fragments of shells
B) fragments of rock
C) cemented grains
D) precipitated crystals

Question 15

Differential weathering occurs when

A) none of the layers weather at all.
B) layers of rock weather at the same rate.
C) layers of rock weather at different rates.
D) weathering occurs in the tropics.

Question 16

The zone of leaching is the area in which

A) weathered bedrock forms a soil horizon.
B) organic matter gathers to create a soil horizon.
C) minerals are precipitated and added to soil.
D) minerals are dissolved and removed from soil.

Question 17

What type of weathering has altered the pyrite crystals in the picture?

A) jointing
B) hydration
C) dissolution
D) oxidation

Question 18

Sediment formation is the result of __________ at the Earth's surface.

A) igneous activity
B) metamorphic activity
C) weathering
D) hydration

Question 19

What type of weathering has created the onion-like layers in the rocks in the picture?

A) jointing
B) hydration
C) dissolution
D) oxidation

Question 20

Why does differential weathering occur?

A) Chemical weathering attacks some layers,and physical weathering attacks the others.
B) The cliffs formed by chemical weathering protect the rocks below.
C) Some types of rocks don't weather at all,thus producing cliffs.
D) Different minerals have different resistances to weathering.

Question 21

Describe how physical and chemical weathering can work together to break down rocks.

Question 22

Which soil horizon contains the most organic material?

A) A
B) O
C) B
D) E

Question 23

The Dust Bowl of the 1930s was created by which phenomenon?

A) increased rainfall
B) drought
C) increased wind storms
D) differential weathering

Question 24

What are the similarities and differences between physical and chemical weathering? Make sure to address both what is the same and what is different.

Question 25

If the climate in an area has very little rainfall,what would be the characteristics of the soil in the area?

A) thick,with a lot of organic material
B) thin,with a lot of organic material
C) thick,with very little organic material
D) thin,with very little organic material

Question 26

Which soil horizon contains weathered bedrock that has NOT yet undergone leaching?

A) O
B) C
C) E
D) B

Question 27

Which soil horizon is the most important to farmers for planting crops?

A) C
B) A
C) E
D) B

Question 28

List one factor that controls the thickness of soil and describe how this factor controls soil thickness.

Question 29

Describe the difference between sediment and soil.

Question 30

Which of the following is LEAST likely to affect soil thickness?

A) time
B) types of animals
C) climate
D) vegetation type

Question 31

Label the different soil horizons on the image below,then provide a brief description of each horizon next to the corresponding layer.