Deck 14: Squeezing Power From a Stone: Energy Resources

Question 1

Most energy for human consumption in the industrial world comes from ________.

A) fossil fuels
B) wind
C) nuclear power
D) water

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Chemically,oil and gas are both ________.

A) pure forms of carbon
B) carbohydrates
C) hydrocarbons
D) carbonate minerals

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which fossil fuel,oil or natural gas,is found at greater depths within the Earth,and why?

A) oil,because it is more stable at high temperatures
B) oil,because it is more stable at low pressures
C) gas,because it is more stable at high temperatures
D) gas,because it is more stable at low pressures

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true of gasoline and tar?

A) Gasoline is a hydrocarbon,whereas tar is a fossil fuel.
B) Tar is a hydrocarbon,whereas gasoline is a fossil fuel.
C) Gasoline is a long-chain hydrocarbon,whereas tar is not.
D) Tar is a long-chain hydrocarbon,whereas gasoline is not.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a way in which the Sun's energy can be harnessed?

A) photosynthesis
B) solar panels
C) tidal movements
D) wind

Question 6

The oil window (temperature range wherein organic matter is converted to petroleum without destroying it)lies between ________.

A) 30°C and 60°C
B) 100°C and 250°C
C) 90°C and 160°C
D) 200°C and 350°C

Question 7

A buried body of rock that contains the raw materials from which hydrocarbons formed is termed a ________.

A) reservoir rock
B) seal rock
C) source rock
D) trap rock

Question 8

Hydrocarbons are chain-like or ring-like molecules made of carbon and ________ atoms.

A) helium
B) oxygen
C) water
D) hydrogen

Question 9

The greatest depth at which oil is found is ________.

A) about 1 km below the surface
B) about 6.5 km below the surface
C) at the Moho
D) at the base of the lithosphere

Question 10

Hydrocarbons consisting of short carbon chains are ________.

A) more volatile than hydrocarbons with longer chains
B) more viscous than hydrocarbons with longer chains
C) typically stable in a solid state at room temperatures
D) more prone to tangling and bonding with each other

Question 11

Matter that stores energy in a usable and transportable form is termed ________.

A) antimatter
B) fuel
C) phlogiston
D) erg

Question 12

Most of the hydrocarbons within oil and natural gas are derived from the breakdown of organic matter from once-living ________.

A) dinosaurs
B) plankton
C) terrestrial plants
D) mammals

Question 13

Viscosity is defined as a substance's ________.

A) ratio of short-chain molecules to long-chain molecules
B) ratio of long-chain molecules to short-chain molecules
C) ability to flow
D) ability to evaporate

Question 14

Which of the following would be the least viscous?

A) heating oil
B) gasoline
C) motor oil
D) tar

Question 15

Examine the figure below.What can be said about the volatility of natural gas relative to kerosene?

A) Natural gas is more volatile than kerosene.
B) Kerosene is more volatile than natural gas.
C) Kerosene and natural gas are equally volatile.
D) The viscosity of hydrocarbons is unrelated to their volatility.

Question 16

Which of the following lists contains only fossil fuels?

A) coal,oil,natural gas
B) coal,geothermal,wind
C) coal,wood,natural gas
D) hydroelectric,geothermal,wind

Question 17

Oil taken directly from the ground,without artificial chemical alteration,is termed ________.

A) crude oil
B) raw oil
C) crass oil
D) proto-oil

Question 18

In 1900,the most commonly used source of energy in the United States was ________; today it is ________.

A) coal; oil
B) oil; natural gas
C) coal; natural gas
D) nuclear; hydrothermal

Question 19

Which of the following would be the most volatile?

A) heating oil
B) gasoline
C) motor oil
D) tar

Question 20

In the subsurface,natural gas ________.

A) consists of longer carbon chains as compared to oil
B) is denser than oil
C) is generated at higher temperatures than oil
D) is generated at higher temperatures than graphite

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT an important type of oil trap?

A) salt dome
B) syncline
C) stratigraphic
D) anticline

Question 22

Permeability is a measure of ________.

A) how many pores are present within a rock
B) the percentage of rock volume that is composed of pores
C) how well the pores within rock are connected
D) the mass of a body of rock divided by the mass of an equal volume of water

Question 23

________ is/are an example of conventional hydrocarbon sources.

A) Gas hydrate
B) Tar sands
C) Oil shale
D) Natural gas

Question 24

Source rocks are always __________.

A) igneous
B) sedimentary
C) metamorphic
D) porous

Question 25

________ is/are NOT an example of alternative hydrocarbon sources.

A) Methane hydrate
B) Peat bogs
C) Oil shales
D) Tar sands

Question 26

If a drilled well encounters both oil and natural gas,the ________.

A) gas will naturally be floating on top of the oil
B) oil will float above the level of the gas
C) gas and oil will be thoroughly mixed together
D) oil will be in the sandstone,and gas will be in the shale

Question 27

________ create(s)an easy route for oil to follow from the rock to a well.

A) Hydrofracturing
B) Seismic reflection
C) Drilling mud
D) Pumps

Question 28

To produce a commercially viable oil deposit,there must be a source rock,a reservoir rock,a seal rock,and a(n)________.

A) large fracture connecting the reservoir rock to the surface of the Earth
B) porous filter rock that removes impurities
C) igneous heater rock that heats the oil and gives it buoyancy
D) trap that denies the oil passage to the surface

Question 29

A permeable and porous rock,regardless of lithology,is a good candidate to serve as a ________ in an oil-producing scenario.

A) reservoir rock
B) seal rock
C) source rock
D) filter rock

Question 30

A black,organic-rich shale could likely serve as either of which two necessary types of rocks within oil fields?

A) source rock or seal rock
B) reservoir rock or seal rock
C) source rock or reservoir rock
D) reservoir rock or trap rock

Question 31

What type of trap is illustrated below?

A) salt dome
B) anticline
C) stratigraphic
D) fault

Question 32

Shale,salt,and fine-grained limestone are all good candidates to serve as ________ within an oil field.

A) a reservoir rock
B) a seal rock
C) a source rock
D) either a source rock or a reservoir rock

Question 33

After the generation of hydrocarbons in a sedimentary basin,microbes will digest ________.

A) the smaller molecules,leaving more viscous oil behind
B) the larger molecules,leaving less viscous oil behind
C) the oil,leaving natural gas behind
D) the oil,leaving water behind

Question 34

Which of the following would make the best reservoir rock in a conventional hydrocarbon system?

A) shale
B) hydrofractured shale
C) poorly cemented sandstone
D) well-cemented sandstone

Question 35

How is the formation of hydrocarbons tied to the rock cycle?

A) Hydrocarbons form at depth and are moved to the surface via the rock cycle.
B) Hydrocarbons form as a direct result of sedimentation and sedimentary processes.
C) Hydrocarbons form in porous and permeable metamorphic rocks.
D) Hydrocarbons form when organic matter is buried and metamorphosed.

Question 36

Which of the following would make the best reservoir rock in a conventional hydrocarbon system?

A) high-porosity,high-permeability rock
B) low-porosity,low-permeability rock
C) high-porosity,low-permeability rock
D) low-porosity,high-permeability rock

Question 37

Why is a trap necessary to create a conventional reserve?

A) Without a trap,temperatures within the Earth would be too high for hydrocarbon formation.
B) A trap is the porous and permeable reservoir in which conventional hydrocarbon reserves reside.
C) A trap is the source rock for the accumulation and creation of hydrocarbon resources.
D) Without a trap,hydrocarbons would rise buoyantly and seep onto the Earth's surface.

Question 38

Which of the following would make the best reservoir rock in a conventional hydrocarbon system?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 39

An impermeable rock,regardless of lithology,is a good candidate to serve as a ________ in an oil-producing scenario.

A) reservoir rock
B) seal rock
C) source rock
D) trap rock

Question 40

Which organic substance is produced by black organic shales at temperatures below the oil window?

A) natural gas
B) coal
C) kerogen
D) keratin

Question 41

Congress has proposed storing nuclear waste beneath ________.

A) Teapot Dome,Wyoming
B) Grand Tetons National Park,Wyoming
C) Yucca Mountain,Nevada
D) Camel Rock,New Mexico

Question 42

Which of the following is a renewable resource?

A) Coal
B) oil
C) wind
D) natural gas

Question 43

One way to produce solar energy is to use sunlight to induce a flow of electrons between two wafers.This process is found in ________.

A) solar collectors
B) turbines
C) fuel cells
D) photovoltaic cells

Question 44

How does coal form? How does this process differ from the ones that yield oil and gas?

Question 45

Which gas is most abundantly produced from the burning of coal?

A) sulfur dioxide
B) carbon monoxide
C) carbon dioxide
D) oxygen

Question 46

What is a seismic reflection profile? How are they produced? Summarize how they can be used in oil exploration.

Question 47

Geothermal energy provides a low-cost alternative to fossil fuels only in places where ________.

A) groundwater is found close to the surface
B) high temperatures exist at relatively shallow depths
C) volcanoes are nearby
D) geysers are found

Question 48

Explain how sources of energy for society have changed over time.

Question 49

________ is harnessed from the potential energy of water.

A) Hydroelectric power
B) Solar energy
C) Biofuel
D) Hydrologic energy

Question 50

Coal is formed when heat and pressure alter deposits of ancient ________.

A) kerogen
B) plankton
C) terrestrial plants
D) tar

Question 51

How is oil formed? Make sure to address what organisms must accumulate,in what environment they must be deposited,and how the oil window affects the formation.

Question 52

What is meant by the term fossil fuel? Where did the energy in a fossil fuel originate? What three energy resources are fossil fuels?

Question 53

Most of the world's coal was deposited in coal swamps during the ________.

A) Cretaceous
B) Ordovician
C) Carboniferous
D) Jurassic

Question 54

According to the figure below,current estimates are that the world's conventional oil reserves are likely to be depleted in about ________ years.

A) 10
B) 100
C) 1,000
D) 1 million

Question 55

The primary challenge of hydrogen fuel cells is ________.

A) that hydrogen is in very limited supply
B) that they generate excessive pollution
C) designing them to store explosive gas in a safe way
D) that they are inefficient

Question 56

How does a nuclear power plant generate electricity?

Question 57

Which sequence shows an increase in coal rank from lowest to highest?

A) anthracite,bituminous,lignite
B) lignite,bituminous,anthracite
C) bituminous,lignite,anthracite
D) bituminous,anthracite,lignite

Question 58

A resource is considered renewable if ________.

A) it is used at rates greater than it is naturally replaced
B) nature can replace it within a short time span relative to human life
C) nature can replace it within hundreds or thousands of years
D) nature can replace it within a million years

Question 59

Nuclear chain reactions within power plants do NOT produce bomb-like explosions primarily because the ________.

A) isotope of uranium used in power plants never undergoes fission
B) isotope of uranium used in power plants decays too quickly to be used for bombs
C) isotope of uranium used in power plants has a slower decay rate than the one used for bombs
D) power plants do not contain enough highly enriched uranium

Question 60

What are two renewable energy resources that could be used in your city/state? List both and describe (A)how the energy is formed,(B)the best geographic location for the energy source,and (C)what the drawbacks of each energy source are.

Question 61

Despite the fact that nonrenewable energy resources will eventually run out and that many tend to be large sources of pollution,why are they still used so prevalently in our society?

Question 62

Explain Hubbert's Peak.What implications does it have for the future of human civilization?

Question 63

Categorize the differences between a renewable and nonrenewable resource.What are some examples of each?