Deck 10: Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships

Question 1

The more we see and interact with other people,the more likely they are to become our friends.This statement captures the essence of the ____ effect.

A)reciprocity
B)mere exposure
C)propinquity
D)similarity

Answer 1

propinquity

Question 2

Richard Moreland and Scott Beach (1992)had a confederate attend large university classes for a systematically varied number of class sessions.In keeping with the mere exposure effect,when unsuspecting students in those classes were later shown photos of the confederate,they liked her best when she had

A)worn their school colors.
B)challenged the professor.
C)attended more classes.
D)worn short skirts.

Answer 2

attended more classes.

Question 3

While some of the things that make people happy tend to be relationships with others,the absence of meaningful relationships can

A)lead people to be more productive at work.
B)lead to even greater happiness from material objects.
C)lead to feelings of loneliness,hopelessness,and alienation.
D)lead perfectly rational people to experience hallucinations.

Answer 3

lead to feelings of loneliness,hopelessness,and alienation.

Question 4

Research conducted by Leskovec and Horvitz (2007)has found that in an analysis of instant messaging interactions between 240 million people that the connection between 90 percent of pairs

A)could be connected in about 20 links/hops.
B)could not reliably be connected using the six degrees of separation theory.
C)were connected within 8 links/hops.
D)were operating only in localized (physically close)network conversations.

Question 5

Distance is to ____ ; as familiarity is to ____.

A)the propinquity effect; opposites attract
B)functional distance; complementary attraction
C)the propinquity effect; the mere exposure effect
D)romantic love; the mere exposure effect

Question 6

Katie and Jon are in the same accounting class,they live in the same wing of their dormitory,and they usually both study at the campus coffeehouse in the morning before class.Over time,Katie and Jon become attracted to each other.What force is most likely at work here?

A)complementarity
B)propinquity
C)reciprocal liking
D)similarity

Question 7

"Speed-dating" among Indians and Pakistanis in London

A)takes place among the parents of the suitors rather than among the prospective partners themselves.
B)has completely Westernized courtship rituals in this subculture.
C)has led to marriages that are based primarily on the experience of romantic love.
D)allows suitors to play a role in the beginning,but families still make the final decision about marriage.

Question 8

The concept of ____ distance refers to certain aspects of architectural design that make it more likely that some people will come into contact with each other more often than with other people.

A)physical
B)social
C)functional
D)practical

Question 9

You are strongly attracted to Mario,and you very much want him to like you,too,but you're afraid that if you open your mouth,he won't like you.If you're too nervous to interact with Mario,you can take advantage of the mere exposure effect and

A)"accidentally" brush up against him once when you stand in line to buy coffee.
B)frequent the same coffee shop that he goes to,making sure that he sees you every day.
C)ask a friend to point you out the next time you happen to be in the same coffee shop.
D)expose your worst features first,and your strongest features later.

Question 10

The process of arranged marriages in many Eastern cultures

A)makes the people in the marriages unhappy.
B)begins with arranged dates when the two partners are very young.
C)often creates very successful unions.
D)increases the experience of romantic love.

Question 11

____ refers to the notion that the more we encounter a stimulus,the more we grow to like it.

A)Stimulus generalization
B)Mere exposure
C)The familiarity effect
D)The proximity effect

Question 12

Which of the following adages most directly contradicts research findings on the propinquity effect?

A)Familiarity breeds contempt.
B)You never get a second chance to make a good first impression.
C)Birds of a feather flock together.
D)Opposites attract.

Question 13

Leon Festinger,Stanley Schachter,and Kurt Back (1950)traced friendship formations among couples in an apartment complex at MIT.They found that residents were most likely to be friends with people

A)similar to them.
B)of the same gender.
C)who lived closer to them.
D)whom their partners befriended first.

Question 14

Arlene finds that even though she sat in the opposite corner of the classroom from Ronda during the entire term of their chemistry class,when they bump into each other at a party,she seems to like Ronda more than the strangers around.This is best explained by

A)the mere exposure effect.
B)functional distance.
C)the propinquity effect.
D)similarity.

Question 15

Jacob is about to start a new job.Given that he wants to make lots of new friends,he should choose the office that is located

A)by the vending machines.
B)in the far corner.
C)in the basement,away from the other offices.
D)at the far end of the hall.

Question 16

Computer chatrooms,e-mail,and discussion lists may influence interpersonal relationships because they increase the ____ of people who would not otherwise meet.

A)propinquity
B)similarity
C)reciprocal liking
D)social exchange

Question 17

If an architect were to capitalize on functional distance,and design an apartment building in which all tenants had an equal chance of taking advantage of the propinquity effect,the building would have which of the following features?

A)a long hallway,with apartments separated by large spaces
B)a U-shaped hallway
C)It would be circular,with elevators,laundry facilities,and mailboxes equidistant from all tenants.
D)It would be in a straight line,with mailboxes at one end and elevators at the other end.

Question 18

The term "functional distance" refers to

A)the role that physical distance plays in the initiation of relationships.
B)distance and exposure to others that follows from certain aspects of architectural design.
C)the preferred distance between people that varies as a function of the quality of their relationship.
D)the level of comfort that people experience,depending on their distance from others.

Question 19

When Leon Festinger and his colleagues studied friendship patterns among married couples in an apartment complex at MIT,they found that people who lived at the foot of the stairs or near mailboxes had more friends on upper floors than did other people who lived on the first floor.This illustrates the power of ____ to influence friendship patterns.

A)physical distance
B)functional distance
C)similarity
D)movement patterns

Question 20

Western cultures see ____ as the basis for marriage,while Eastern cultures see ____ as the basis for marriage.

A)mutual economic benefit; spiritual love
B)romantic love; similarities in social standing of families
C)romantic love; spiritual love
D)mutual economic benefit; similarities in social standing of families

Question 21

You are very sociable and outgoing; at a holiday party,you approach a quiet young woman standing alone in the corner.To break the ice,you discuss a number of "safe" topics:what the winter will be like,what new television shows are worth watching,and what books you've been reading lately.You both see eye-to-eye on a lot.After the conversation,you like the young woman.Based on a large number of social-psychological experiments,why is that so?

A)You are an extrovert,she is an introvert,and opposites attract.
B)We tend to be attracted to people who hold similar attitudes.
C)We tend to like people who agree on minor points,but disagree on major points.
D)Because you agreed on so much,the functional distance between you was low.

Question 22

Recall that Kubitscheck and Halliman (1998)studied the influence of tracking (grouping students by academic ability)on friendship formation.They discovered that tracking fostered ____,which in turn increased the ____ of students "tracked" together.

A)communication; equity
B)propinquity; similarity
C)reciprocal liking; propinquity
D)social exchange; reciprocal liking

Question 23

In terms of interpersonal style,someone who is ____ would be more likely to see an interaction in a less complicated way,and someone who is ____ would tend to see the psychological aspects of an interaction.

A)high-skilled; low-skilled
B)collectivist; individualistic
C)low-skilled; high-skilled
D)self-focused; other-focused

Question 24

All of the following are true except

A)people tend to form relationships with others who are similar to them in terms of communication skill.
B)similarity is important only for friendship and companionate love relationships and not for romantic love relationships.
C)similarity and propinquity work together when we select to be in situations where we find others similar to ourselves.
D)similar others are frequently chosen for long-term romantic relationships.

Question 25

Amy and Jen are roommates this year. ____ would predict that they are likely to like each other,and ____ can be described as the "fuel" that would create a friendship between them.

A)Propinquity; similarity
B)Complementary interests; similarity
C)Physical attractiveness; propinquity
D)Similarity; propinquity

Question 26

Dave is low-skilled in his interpersonal style-he tends to see interactions as simple and focuses on what was accomplished.His partner,Lynn,is high-skilled and tends to focus on the psychological aspects of their conversations.According to information in your text,what is likely to happen between Dave and Lynn?

A)Dave will learn to be high-skilled.
B)Lynn will become low-skilled.
C)They will be very satisfied in their relationship because they complement each other.
D)They are likely to be frustrated with each other because they are dissimilar.

Question 27

In romantic relationships,when would similarity with your partner be the least important?

A)if your partner is from a collectivist culture
B)if you are just looking for a "fling"
C)if you are high-skilled interpersonally
D)if you are seeking a committed relationship

Question 28

The concept of "degrees of separation" is best understood as the idea that you are one degree of separation away from everyone you know and

A)two degrees away from the friends of friends.
B)two degrees away from family members.
C)six degrees away from your future romantic partner.
D)five degrees away from everyone else.

Question 29

Recall that Curtis and Miller (1986)assigned participants at random to have a conversation.One member of each pair was told that the other person liked him or her.Participants provided this information actually behaved in more likable ways,and their partners,too,behaved in pleasant ways.These findings demonstrate that ____ may explain the power of reciprocal liking.

A)similarity
B)the self-fulfilling prophecy
C)reciprocity of exchange
D)complementarity

Question 30

Beatriz is expressive,sociable,and passionate.She is most likely to prefer a friend or romantic partner who is

A)logical.
B)independent.
C)emotional.
D)rational.

Question 31

Based on what the authors of your text present about similarity and liking,who would Russ Feingold (a liberal senator),be most likely to become friends with?

A)former president George W.Bush (R)
B)Democratic senator John Kerry
C)former vice president Dick Cheney (R)
D)right-wing radio personality,Rush Limbaugh

Question 32

The ____ concept posits that we will be attracted to people whose characteristics are the opposite of ours.

A)propinquity
B)functional distance
C)complementarity
D)reciprocal

Question 33

According to research presented by the authors of your text,someone who is low-skilled in their interpersonal style would be more likely to have a better friendship with someone who is

A)high-skilled.
B)complementary.
C)low-skilled.
D)moderately-skilled.

Question 34

Tony is just looking for a romantic fling,nothing serious.If Tony would describe himself as a preppy,conservative Protestant,whom would he be more likely to "hook up" with for a fling?

A)Linda,the daughter of his minister
B)Brenda,a preppy member of Young Republicans
C)Zelda,who is a left-wing,New Age artist
D)Paula,who is member at Tony's yacht club and goes to his church

Question 35

Barbara,Britanny,Laurie,and Melissa have each adopted a different strategy in their attempts to attract Art.All else being equal,who is most likely to be unsuccessful?

A)Barbara,who attempts to increase her physical proximity to Art
B)Britanny,who attempts to improve her physical appearance
C)Laurie,who attempts to present herself as similar to Art
D)Melissa,who demonstrates her independence by disagreeing with Art

Question 36

According to the authors,the greatest amount of research supports the notion of ____ over the notion of ____.

A)complementarity; similarity
B)propinquity; similarity
C)similarity; complementarity
D)mere exposure; similarity

Question 37

Recall that Tom Boyden and his colleagues (1984)found that gay men who were stereotypically masculine desired a partner who was most of all logical,and that gay men who were stereotypically feminine desired a partner who was most of all expressive.These findings support the role of ____ to influence attraction.

A)sex role stereotypes
B)similarity
C)complementarity
D)sexual orientation

Question 38

When Theodore Newcomb (1961)randomly assigned male students at the University of Michigan to be roommates at the start of the school year,he found that ____ and ____ were powerful predictors of who would become friends.

A)demographic similarity; physical attractiveness
B)demographic similarity; attitude similarity
C)attitude similarity; physical attractiveness
D)physical attractiveness; the number of friends in common

Question 39

Consider the following piece of folk wisdom: "Opposites attract." The social-psychological concept of ____ is most closely related to this truism.

A)similarity
B)complementarity
C)reciprocity
D)correspondence

Question 40

Perhaps the most crucial determinant of whether we like someone is whether he or she likes us.This best illustrates the power of

A)reciprocal liking.
B)similarity.
C)complementarity.
D)propinquity.

Question 41

Recall that Alan Feingold (1990)conducted a meta-analysis of a number of studies that addressed gender differences in the importance that people place on physical attractiveness.Based on his findings,which of the following people is least likely to be influenced by physical attractiveness?

A)Hans,whose behaviors are observed
B)Maria,whose behaviors are observed
C)Paul,whose attitudes are measured
D)Susan,whose attitudes are measured

Question 42

Sheila is considered to be very attractive by both men and women.Which of the following features is she most likely to have?

A)large chin
B)large eyes
C)high forehead
D)full lips

Question 43

Stanley is building a robot in the year 2054.Fulfilling a fantasy and taking advantage of the technology available,he decides to make his robot have a female form and be physically appealing.To have the most success in this,what should he do?

A)Make sure to use only faces from his own culture as the basis for his robot's face.
B)Have his robot have highly unique and unusual exotic features.
C)Create a robot with a face that is the composite of highly attractive faces.
D)Avoid using babyface features for his robot's face.

Question 44

Recall that Paul Sergios and James Cody (1985)conducted a replication of the study by Elaine Hatfield (Walster)and her colleagues (1966),in which men and women were paired at random for a "blind date" dance.In their study,Sergios and Cody studied gay men.They found that

A)the importance of physical attractiveness seems to be limited to heterosexuals.
B)gay men are similar to heterosexuals in the importance of attractiveness.
C)gay men place significantly more emphasis on physical attractiveness.
D)gay men seem to prefer those who are comparable to themselves in attractiveness.

Question 45

"Babyface features" are considered to be more attractive,especially in women.It is thought that when perceivers see someone with babyface features,it elicits

A)feelings of joy.
B)a sense of calm.
C)feelings of warmth and nurturance.
D)a sense of commitment and tenderness.

Question 46

Recall that Elaine Hatfield (Walster)and her colleagues (1966)randomly paired incoming students for a first- year orientation dance.They found that men ____

A)valued physical attractiveness more than women did.
B)valued physical attractiveness less than women did.
C)valued attractiveness,whereas women valued intelligence.
D)and women both valued physical attractiveness.

Question 47

Research has found that there is agreement across cultures concerning what constitutes an attractive face; that infants prefer photographs of attractive faces to unattractive ones and that they prefer the same faces that adults do; and that statistically average faces tend to be seen as attractive.These findings provide support for a(n) ____ interpretation of the importance of physical attractiveness.

A)social perception
B)social role
C)evolutionary
D)behaviorist

Question 48

Which of the following physical characteristics are associated with a "babyface"?

A)large eyes and prominent cheekbones
B)small noses and prominent cheekbones
C)large eyes and small noses
D)full lips and prominent cheekbones

Question 49

Recall that Judith Langlois and her colleagues (1990)used computer graphics to generate composite faces that reflected the exact mathematical average of the facial features of a large number of individual photographs.They then asked participants to rate the attractiveness of the composite photograph and the individual photographs that were combined to make up the composite.These researchers found that

A)participants preferred the composite photo to the individual photos.
B)women responded more positively to the composite photos than did men.
C)participants preferred "babyfaced" individual photos to the composite photo.
D)participants thought they had previously met the person in the composite photo.

Question 50

When Elaine Hatfield (Walster)and her colleagues (1966)randomly paired incoming students for a first-year orientation dance,the partner's ____ determined whether the individuals expressed a desire to date that person again.

A)intelligence
B)self-esteem
C)physical attractiveness
D)similarity

Question 51

The crucial variable that explains the effects of propinquity,similarity,and reciprocal liking may be

A)people's preference for the familiar.
B)cultural values and standards.
C)the demands of sex roles.
D)the self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 52

Recall that Perrett et al.(1994)created two kinds of composite faces,an "average attractive" composite and a "highly attractive" composite,using photographs of Caucasian and Japanese men and women.They then asked participants in Great Britain and Japan to rate these faces.They found all of the following except

A)the highly attractive composites were rated as significantly more attractive than the average attractive composites.
B)Japanese and British participants differed in their assessments,with people preferring faces from their own ethnicity.
C)the highly attractive faces were more extreme in the features that are generally considered attractive (e.g.,if high cheekbones in general are attractive,then highly attractive faces have higher cheekbones).
D)the features that were considered attractive were similar to the features found to be attractive by other researchers.

Question 53

Alan Feingold (1990)conducted a meta-analysis of a number of studies of the importance that men versus women placed on the physical attractiveness of potential partners.According to his findings,there tends to be a larger gender difference (such that men are more influenced by physical attractiveness)when ____ are being measured than when ____ are being measured.

A)behaviors; evaluations
B)attitudes; behaviors
C)evaluations; attitudes
D)attitudes; evaluations

Question 54

When researchers suggest that people tend to prefer an "average" face as being most physically attractive,they mean that

A)people prefer faces of an regular-looking person.
B)people prefer faces based on mathematically averaged composites.
C)people prefer the most common face in a culture.
D)people prefer someone who is a "5" on attractiveness on a 1 to 10 scale.

Question 55

Research suggests that there is ____ between babies and adults,men and women,and people from several cultures as to what is considered physically attractive.

A)a vast discrepancy
B)disagreement
C)amazing consistency
D)no correlation

Question 56

Recall that Rebecca Curtis and Kim Miller (1986)assigned participants at random to have a conversation.One member of each pair was given "special" information that actually changed her or his behavior.Results of their experiment reveal that when

A)we think someone likes us,we actually behave in more likable ways.
B)someone holds similar attitudes to our own,we like them better.
C)people meet for the first time,complementarity influences attraction.
D)people meet for the first time,attitude similarity determines liking.

Question 57

Men and women both view physical attractiveness as the most desirable characteristic in potential

A)friends.
B)sexual partners.
C)coworkers.
D)long-term relationship partners.

Question 58

According to research conducted by Michael Cunningham and his colleagues (1986,1995),there is overlap in what men and women find attractive in the opposite sex.For example,both men and women find ____ attractive in members of the opposite sex.

A)large eyes and prominent cheekbones
B)small noses and chins
C)narrow hips and flat stomachs
D)high foreheads and thick,glossy hair

Question 59

All of the following are true except

A)there is general agreement across cultures on what constitutes an attractive face.
B)infants tend to prefer the same faces that adults do.
C)averaged faces (e.g.,computer-generated composites)are the most highly attractive faces.
D)large eyes,prominent cheekbones,and big noses are attractive features in both sexes.

Question 60

Recall that when Judith Langlois and Lori Roggman (1990)reviewed the literature on standards of beauty across cultures,they found that the attractiveness ratings among participants of all different races and ethnicities ranged from .66 to .93.These relatively large positive correlations suggest that

A)standards of beauty differ significantly across cultures.
B)standards of beauty are similar within cultures,but not across cultures.
C)cultural values determine what is attractive.
D)regardless of culture or background,people can agree on what is attractive.

Question 61

Research examining the "what is beautiful is good" stereotype cross-culturally has found that

A)Americans and Koreans both believe that more attractive people are more sociable,friendly,popular,and likable.
B)Americans believe that attractive people are more generous,trustworthy,and honest than do Koreans.
C)Koreans believe that attractive people are more dominant and assertive than do Americans.
D)Americans and Koreans do not believe that attractive people are any happier or more well-adjusted than less attractive people.

Question 62

In all likelihood,there is a kernel of truth to the "what is beautiful is good" stereotype; that is,attractive people are often more warm and socially skilled than less attractive people.According to the authors,this is probably because

A)attractive people are treated differently than unattractive people.
B)attractive people have higher self-esteem than unattractive people.
C)unattractive people are more introverted than attractive people.
D)unattractive people compensate by emphasizing their intelligence.

Question 63

Physical beauty confers only limited advantages.For example,Alice Eagly and her colleagues (1991)have found that people are most likely to associate physical attractiveness with

A)intelligence.
B)social competence.
C)integrity.
D)self-esteem.

Question 64

When people are asked to rate the attractiveness of faces,the faces that they most prefer

A)have the fewest blemishes.
B)most resemble those of their current romantic partners.
C)most differ from their own.
D)most resemble their own.

Question 65

If you were hiring someone to work as a receptionist for your office,who would you hire and why?

A)Jim,who is incredibly efficient and bright,because he will be able to operate the multi-line phone system
B)Kurt,who is quite attractive,because he is likely to have the best social skills when greeting difficult clients
C)Leland,who is quite attractive,because attractive people are often more intelligent
D)Mark,who is unattractive,because his appearance won't distract clients from buying your product

Question 66

Recall that Wheeler and Kim (1997)asked American,Canadian,and Korean students to rate the attractiveness of people in yearbook photographs,and to rate the people in the photographs on a number of personality dimensions.They found that ____ students were likely to associate attractiveness with ____.

A)Korean; personal strength
B)all; concern for others
C)North American; integrity
D)all; friendliness

Question 67

Jeremy is about to go on a blind date set up by his friend Justin.Justin gave Jeremy a picture of Carol,his potential date,and she is very attractive.Jeremy is about to call Carol to make arrangements for the date and to get to know her a little better.Which of the following is most likely to occur,according to the experiment by Mark Snyder,Elizabeth Decker Tanke,and Ellen Berscheid (1977)?

A)Jeremy will like Carol after talking to her,but only if she is attractive in reality.
B)If Carol doesn't think she's attractive,she will withdraw throughout the phone conversation despite Jeremy's friendliness.
C)No matter what Carol really looks like,she will be judged as more attractive and confident by a third person listening in on the party line.
D)No matter what Carol really looks like,Jeremy will like her,but a third party listening in on the party line will judge her according to how she really looks.

Question 68

Recall that recent research finds that people rating the physical attractiveness of faces most prefer faces that resemble their own.This finding suggests that ____ is critically important in physical attraction.

A)self-esteem
B)ego defense
C)familiarity
D)heritability

Question 69

Recall that Wheeler and Kim (1997)asked American,Canadian,and Korean students to rate the attractiveness of people in yearbook photographs,and to rate the people in the photographs on a number of personality dimensions.Which of the following traits did all participants associate with physical attractiveness?

A)social skills
B)personal strength
C)integrity
D)concern for others

Question 70

Brian does not know anything about Sally except that she is very attractive.Based on research by Alice Eagly and her colleagues (1991)and by Alan Feingold (1992),Brian is most likely to make the attribution that Sally is

A)intelligent and honest.
B)empathetic and caring.
C)dominant and successful in her career.
D)sociable and extroverted.

Question 71

There is evidence that neonatal nurses who work with premature babies treat the babies differently depending on

A)how loudly they cry.
B)physical attractiveness of the parents.
C)physical attractiveness of the baby.
D)how physically attractive they themselves are.

Question 72

There is mounting evidence suggesting that people who are more physically attractive are perceived and treated differently than those who are less attractive.One striking example of this was found in the context of

A)speed of service at fast-food restaurants.
B)health outcomes of premature infants in the hospital.
C)price quoted from a car salesperson.
D)performance on a job interview.

Question 73

Recall that Wheeler and Kim (1997)asked American,Canadian,and Korean students to rate the attractiveness of people in yearbook photographs,and to rate the people in the photographs on a number of personality dimensions.Whereas Koreans associated "beautiful" with integrity and concern for others,North Americans associated "beautiful" with personal strength.These differences suggest that

A)individualistic versus collectivistic values shape stereotypes about beauty.
B)stereotypes are less powerful in collectivistic cultures.
C)physical beauty is less important in collectivistic cultures.
D)physical beauty is more important in collectivistic cultures.

Question 74

Michelle is online looking for a date to an upcoming event.She notices one very attractive individual who has posted interest in attending the event as well.She thinks he is likely to be very sociable,but her roommate who is from Korea thinks he will also be a good match because

A)he will be generous.
B)he will be very smart.
C)he will be strong.
D)he will be assertive.

Question 75

Studies of the "what is beautiful is good" stereotype support all of the following except

A)the "what is beautiful is good" stereotype is found across different cultures.
B)the "what is beautiful is good" stereotype affects judgments about peoples' social competence,intelligence,and morality.
C)the "what is beautiful is good" stereotype has a "kernel of truth" in that beautiful people may indeed be more socially competent.
D)the "what is beautiful is good" stereotype differs somewhat across cultures in a way consistent with the culture's individualistic or collectivist values.

Question 76

Recall that Mark Snyder and his colleagues (1977)provided men with photographs of either attractive women or unattractive women and told the men that their conversation partner was the woman in the photograph.They found that men who believed they were talking with an attractive woman ____ than did men who thought they were talking with an unattractive woman.

A)talked less
B)behaved in a warmer way
C)were more nervous
D)were more confident

Question 77

One potential explanation for why people prefer the familiar over that which is unfamiliar is that

A)unfamiliar things can be potentially dangerous.
B)familiar things are always good.
C)unfamiliar things require more cognitive effort to process.
D)familiar things tend to fall into our schemas and stereotypes.

Question 78

Recall that Mark Snyder and his colleagues (1977)provided men with photographs of either attractive women or unattractive women and told the men that their conversation partner was the woman in the photograph.They found that when independent raters evaluated the women's side of the conversation,women who were believed to be attractive actually behaved in a more confident,animated,and warm manner than did women who were believed to be unattractive.These results demonstrate that the ____ might explain why there is a kernel of truth to the "what is beautiful is good" stereotype.

A)negativity bias
B)matching hypothesis
C)self-fulfilling prophecy
D)power of similarity

Question 79

____ theory posits that relationship satisfaction is determined by people's perceptions of costs and rewards,their beliefs about what kind of relationship they deserve,and their estimated chances of a better alternative relationship.

A)Comparison
B)Equity
C)Balance
D)Social exchange

Question 80

Susan Andersen and Sandra Bem (1981)conducted a variation of the getting-acquainted telephone study by Mark Snyder,Elizabeth Decker Tanke,and Ellen Berscheid (1977).Andersen and Bern provided attractive and unattractive photos of men to women who interacted with men at the other end of a telephone.When the women thought that the men with whom they were speaking were the men in the photos,

A)the female participants did not fall prey to the self-fulfilling prophecy as did men in previous studies.
B)results were similar to studies in which men were provided the photos.
C)the men on the other end did not change their behaviors in response to the women's differential treatment.
D)because the men controlled the conversations,the self-fulfilling prophecy did not occur.