Deck 2: Chemical Aspects of Life

Question 1

Steroids are a type of

A)protein.
B)lipid.
C)sugar.
D)nucleic acid.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT an example of a lipid?

A)fats.
B)amino acids.
C)steroids.
D)phospholipids.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Covalent bonds form when

A)two or more atoms share electrons equally.
B)a positive ion and a negative ion attract.
C)two or more molecules share electrons unequally.
D)two or more atoms share electrons equally and two or more molecules share electrons unequally.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Enzymes directly act to

A)maintain cell structure.
B)slow down chemical reactions.
C)speed up chemical reactions.
D)supply energy.

Question 5

A saturated fat will have rev: 09_24_2013_QC_34141

A)significant numbers of carbon-carbon double bonds.
B)very few hydrogen atoms.
C)no carbon to carbon double bonds.
D)excessive nutrients.

Question 6

If an atom has 8 protons and 8 neutrons in its nucleus, and 8 orbiting electrons, its atomic number would be

A)24.
B)16.
C)8.
D)12.

Question 7

There are ____ naturally occurring elements of which ______ are involved in maintaining life.

A)96; 22
B)104; 28
C)92; 24
D)58; 34

Question 8

To be considered an organic molecule a substance must contain

A)carbon and nitrogen.
B)carbon and hydrogen.
C)carbon and oxygen.
D)oxygen and hydrogen.

Question 9

To form an ion, an atom must either donate or receive a(n) ________ .

A)electron
B)proton
C)neutron
D)electrons and neutron

Question 10

Nucleic acids are made up of

A)fats.
B)amino acids.
C)nucleotides.
D)sugars.

Question 11

About 96% of the body consists of what four elements?

A)oxygen, hydrogen, glucose, and carbon
B)oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and copper
C)oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and sodium
D)oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen

Question 12

The valence electrons are those

A)active in chemical bonds.
B)close to the nucleus of the atom.
C)located in the outermost shell.
D)located in the innermost shell.

Question 13

Proteins are made up of

A)fats.
B)amino acids.
C)nucleotides.
D)sugars.

Question 14

The difference between DNA and RNA is that

A)each contains different sugars.
B)each has different bases.
C)each has a difference in the number of strands.
D)there are differences in sugars, bases, and the number of strands.

Question 15

Anything that has weight and occupies space can be described as

A)an atom.
B)matter.
C)a compound.
D)a molecule.

Question 16

This would be the general representation of

A)an amino acid.
B)a fatty acid.
C)a nucleic acid.
D)glycerol.

Question 17

Hydrogen bonds involve

A)multiple ions.
B)non-polar molecules.
C)polar molecules.
D)ions and non-polar molecules.

Question 18

A chemical formula expresses

A)the chemical composition of a molecule.
B)the number of atoms for each element in the molecule.
C)the atoms involved in chemical bonding.
D)all of these choices are correct

Question 19

The process used to convert liquid vegetable oils to solids by changing its bonds is called

A)carbonization.
B)hydrogenation.
C)solidification.
D)oxygenation.

Question 20

Lactose, the sugar contained in milk, is an example of a

A)simple sugar.
B)monosaccharide.
C)disaccharide.
D)none of these choices are correct

Question 21

At a pH of 7, which of the following would be true?

A)H⁺ and OH^- concentrations would be equal.
B)H⁺ concentration would be greater than OH^- concentration.
C)OH^- concentration would be greater than H⁺ concentration.
D)None of the above.

Question 22

The molecule that provides immediate energy for cellular processes is

A)glucose.
B)glycogen.
C)starch.
D)adenosine triphosphate.

Question 23

On the typical pH scale, a pH of ____ indicates the lowest concentration of hydrogen ions, whereas a pH of ____ indicates the highest concentration of H⁺.

A)0; 14
B)7; 14
C)14; 0
D)0; 7

Question 24

When the body has excess energy and builds molecules to store it, which molecule do we build MOST?

A)Glycogen
B)Glucose
C)Triglycerides
D)Cholesterol

Question 25

The number of protons plus the number of neutrons determines the __________ of an atom.

A)isotope
B)valence electrons
C)atomic number
D)atomic mass

Question 26

An ionic bond forms between

A)a cation and another cation.
B)a cation and an anion.
C)an anion and another anion.
D)all of the above.

Question 27

Select the correct statement.

A)DNA and RNA are double-stranded molecules composed of nucleotides.
B)DNA and RNA are single-stranded molecules with dissimilar nucleotides.
C)DNA contains the genetic code, and RNA carries the coded information to the sites of protein synthesis.
D)DNA is double-stranded but RNA is single-stranded, although their nucleotides are identical.

Question 28

A substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by chemical means is a/an

A)element.
B)compound.
C)molecule.
D)nucleic acid.

Question 29

When placed in water, ionic compounds dissociate into

A)water molecules.
B)salts.
C)hydrogen ions.
D)electrolytes.

Question 30

Adding additional neutrons to an atom would form _____.

A)isotopes
B)ions
C)covalent bonds
D)iodine

Question 31

Which of the following is an organic compound?

A)NaHCO₃
B)NaOH
C)C₆H₁₂O₆
D)CO₂

Question 32

The dissociation of a/an ________ releases hydrogen ions and increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.

A)acid
B)base
C)salt
D)solvent

Question 33

Proteins are composed of subunits called __________ and functional proteins include _________, which speed up chemical reactions in the body.

A)amino acids; enzymes
B)fatty acids; enzymes
C)fatty acids; triglycerides
D)amino acids; antibodies

Question 34

The element that forms the backbone of organic molecules is

A)hydrogen.
B)oxygen.
C)carbon.
D)nitrogen.

Question 35

An atom that has 6 electrons in its valence shell will be most likely to

A)donate 2 electrons.
B)donate 6 electrons.
C)receive 2 electrons.
D)receive 6 electrons.

Question 36

A carbohydrate molecule consisting of glucose combined with fructose is a

A)monosaccharide.
B)disaccharide.
C)polysaccharide.
D)starch.

Question 37

The monosaccharide that is the major carbohydrate fuel for body cells is

A)sucrose.
B)fructose.
C)galactose.
D)glucose.

Question 38

The positively charged subatomic particles located in the nucleus of an atom are the

A)electrons.
B)protons.
C)neutrons.
D)nucleons.

Question 39

Two or more atoms of the SAME element combine to form a(n) _____.

A)isotope
B)compound
C)molecule
D)ion

Question 40

When one atom donates an electron to another atom, the donating atom becomes a __________ charged ion, and the receiving atom becomes a __________ charged ion. These ions are joined together by a/an ________ chemical bond.

A)positively; negatively; ionic
B)negatively; positively; ionic
C)negatively; positively; covalent
D)positively; negatively; hydrogen

Question 41

What is the most abundant substance in the human body?

A)hydrogen
B)carbon
C)glucose
D)water

Question 42

The name for the covalent bond between two amino acids is termed

A)protein bond.
B)ionic bond.
C)enzyme bond.
D)peptide bond.

Question 43

If there are two forms of atoms for an element that differ only in the number of neutron, the various forms of the element are referred to as _____ of that element.

A)molecules
B)isotopes
C)electrolytes
D)ions

Question 44

Which of the following is TRUE regarding enzymes?

A)They are proteins.
B)They speed up chemical reactions.
C)They are reusable.
D)All other answers are true.

Question 45

What is the term for a substance that causes a resistance to a change in pH?

A)electrolyte
B)base
C)buffer
D)salt

Question 46

Water molecules are special. But what makes them so special?

A)their abundance
B)polar bonds
C)the bend in their structure
D)because they are liquid

Question 47

What type of reaction is shown? AB + CD $\rightarrow$ AD + BC

A)decomposition
B)exchange
C)reversible
D)synthesis

Question 48

What type of formula is shown?

A)atomic formula
B)structural formula
C)molecular formula
D)elemental formula

Question 49

What is the notation that tells the reader the chemical composition of a molecule or compound?

A)chemical formula
B)compound formula
C)elemental notation
D)atomic structure

Question 50

What type of reaction is shown? A + B + C $\leftrightarrow$ ABC $\leftrightarrow$ AB + C

A)synthesis
B)exchange
C)decomposition
D)reversible

Question 51

What type of reaction is shown? A + B $\rightarrow$ AB

A)synthesis
B)decomposition
C)exchange
D)reversible

Question 52

How does a buffer help a solution maintain pH?

A)A buffer can act like a base if pH is acidic, and it can act like an acid if pH is basic.
B)A buffer forms both cations and anions to counteract acids.
C)A buffer release base to neutralize acid.
D)A buffer releases acid to maintain proper pH.

Question 53

A monounsaturated fat would have

A)one carbon-carbon double bond in a fatty acid tail.
B)two fatty acid tails and a phosphate group.
C)two carbon-carbon double bonds in its fatty acid tails.
D)four carbon rings.

Question 54

What type of formula is shown? CH₄

A)molecular formula
B)structural formula
C)atomic formula
D)elemental formula

Question 55

The form of carbohydrate our bodies use to store reserve energy is _____.

A)disaccharides
B)starches
C)glycogen
D)glucose