Deck 18: Pregnancy, Prenatal Development, and Genetics

Question 1

The nervous system is formed by the

A)endoderm.
B)mesenchyme.
C)ectoderm.
D)mesoderm.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Implantation is completed by the _______ day of development.

A)14th
B)7th
C)21th
D)10th

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The _________ becomes part of the umbilical cord, serves as a shock absorber for the embryo, and produces formed elements of blood and germ cells for the embryo.

A)allantois
B)amnion
C)yolk sac
D)chorion

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The stage at which a pre-embryo is a solid mass of cells and enters the uterus is the

A)trophoblast.
B)zygote.
C)blastocyst.
D)morula.

Question 5

During the process of implantation, the enzymes released from the _________ enable the blastocysts to penetrate the endometrium.

A)placenta
B)uterus
C)acrosomes of sperm
D)trophoblast

Question 6

During embryonic development, the following major events occurs except the formation of the

A)placenta.
B)embryoblast.
C)extraembryonic membranes.
D)germ layers.

Question 7

Once a sperm enters a secondary oocyte,

A)meiosis II of the oocyte begins.
B)mitotic division of the oocyte begins.
C)meiosis I of the oocyte begins.
D)other sperm quickly follow into the oocyte.

Question 8

The embryonic membranes include the following structures except the

A)yolk sac.
B)amnion.
C)chorion.
D)embryonic disc.
E)allantois.

Question 9

Fertilization usually occurs in

A)uterine tube.
B)ovary.
C)vagina.
D)uterus.

Question 10

The __________ develop(s) into the germ layers during the embryonic development.

A)mesenchyme
B)granulosa cells
C)trophoblast
D)embryoblast

Question 11

The placenta serves as an interface between the embryonic and maternal bloods for the exchange of the following substances except

A)antibodies.
B)white blood cells.
C)hormones..
D)wastes.

Question 12

The embryonic stage of development is completed by the ______ week after fertilization.

A)8^th
B)12^th
C)10^th
D)6^th

Question 13

A secondary oocyte remains viable for about ______ hours, while most sperm remain viable in the female reproductive tract for about ______ hours.

A)24; 48
B)24; 24
C)48; 72
D)24; 72

Question 14

The _________ is responsible for forming the digestive tract and urinary tract.

A)mesoderm
B)ectoderm
C)mesenchyme
D)endoderm

Question 15

The _________ becomes part of the umbilical cord, produces formed elements of blood, and brings umbilical blood vessels to the placenta.

A)chorion
B)allantois
C)amnion
D)yolk sac

Question 16

The placenta is formed of the following structures except the

A)endometrium.
B)chorion.
C)allantois.
D)chorionic villi.

Question 17

The __________ attaches to the endometrium on about the 7th day of development.

A)morula
B)embryo
C)blastocyst
D)zygote

Question 18

Embryonic development begins at the start of the ______ week after fertilization.

A)second
B)first
C)third
D)fourth

Question 19

The __________ develop(s) into the chorion during the embryonic development.

A)trophoblast
B)mesenchyme
C)granulosa cells
D)embryoblast

Question 20

The sperm nucleus and ovum nucleus unite in fertilization to form a(n) __________, the first cell of the infant-to-be.

A)morula
B)blastocyte
C)zygote
D)embryo

Question 21

By about 12 weeks of development, the ________ take(s) over the role of secreting estrogens and progesterone to maintain the uterine lining.

A)placenta
B)fetus
C)ovaries
D)uterus

Question 22

Which of the following is the normal genotype of a female?

A)1 X chromosome, 1 Y chromosome, and 44 autosomes
B)2 X chromosomes and 44 autosomes
C)2 X chromosomes and 21 autosomes
D)4 X chromosmes and 42 autosomes

Question 23

The corpus luteum continues to secrete estrogens and progesterone in early pregnancy due to stimulation by

A)LH.
B)GnRH.
C)FSH.
D)hCG.

Question 24

After the infant is born, the umbilical vein becomes the

A)ligamentum venosum.
B)round ligament.
C)fossa ovale.
D)ligamentum arteriosum.

Question 25

Pressure of the baby's head against the ________ stimulates an increasing level of ________ secretion, which strengthens and increases the rate of uterine contractions until birth of the baby.

A)cervix; oxytocin
B)placenta; estrogens
C)body of the uterus; oxytocin
D)cervix; relaxin

Question 26

After the infant is born, the ductus arteriosus becomes the

A)ligamentum arteriosum.
B)round ligament.
C)ligamentum venosum.
D)fossa ovale.

Question 27

Suckling by an infant forms nerve impulses that maintain lactation by stimulating the

A)hypothalamus to secrete prolactin-releasing hormone.
B)anterior lobe of the pituitary to secrete prolactin.
C)posterior lobe of the pituitary to secrete oxytocin.
D)contraction of the milk ducts.

Question 28

During the __________ weeks of development, the ossification of bones begins.

A)9th through 12th
B)17th through 20th
C)13th through 16th
D)21st through 29th

Question 29

In fetal circulation, the most oxygen-rich blood can be found in the

A)aorta.
B)umbilical arteries.
C)ductus arteriosus.
D)umbilical vein.

Question 30

Most of the blood in the right ventricle of the fetal heart

A)flows into the right ventricle.
B)passes directly through the ductus arteriosus into the aorta.
C)is pumped to the lungs.
D)passes through the foramen ovale into the left atrium.

Question 31

An example of a genotype would be ________, and an example of a phenotype would be _______.

A)Ff; having freckles
B)having freckles; Ff
C)Ff; ff
D)genes; alleles

Question 32

Pregnancy test detects the presence of __________ in a woman's blood or urine.

A)progesterone
B)relaxin
C)hCG
D)LH

Question 33

During the __________ weeks of development, the eyes and ears reach their final positions and a heartbeat may be detected with a stethoscope.

A)9th through 12th
B)17th through 20th
C)21st through 29th
D)13th through 16th

Question 34

If a woman who is a carrier for red-green colorblindness has children with a normal vision man, what are possible outcomes for their children?

A)Normal vision daughters and sons.
B)Red-green colorblind daughters and sons.
C)Red-green colorblind daughters, normal vision daughters and normal vision sons.
D)Red-green colorblind sons, normal vision sons and normal vision daughters.

Question 35

Most of the blood returning to the right atrium of the fetal heart

A)passes directly through the ductus arteriosus into the aorta.
B)passes through the foramen ovale into the left atrium.
C)is pumped to the lungs.
D)flows into the right ventricle.

Question 36

Because hormones take a few days to show their effects, the initial milk (colostrum) contains higher concentrations of _______ and essentially no ______.

A)fat, protein
B)lactose, fat
C)protein, fat
D)lactose; protein

Question 37

Labor begins when the increasing concentration of ________, which stimulate(s) uterine contractions, reaches a point that overrides the effect of _________, which inhibit(s) uterine contractions.

A)progesterone; estrogens
B)relaxin; estrogens
C)relaxin; progesterone
D)estrogens; progesterone

Question 38

High blood pressure and proteinuria in a pregnant woman is an indicator of

A)ectopic pregnancy.
B)miscarriage.
C)morning sickness.
D)preeclampsia.

Question 39

If a woman who is heterozygous for freckles (Ff) has children with a man who is homozygous for freckles (FF), what are predicted genotypes of their children?

A)3/4 FF, 1/4 ff
B)1/2 FF, 1/2 Ff
C)1/4 FF, 1/2 Ff, 1/4 ff
D)3/4 FF, 1/4 Ff

Question 40

During pregnancy, the production of prolactin-releasing hormone is inhibited by the

A)high blood level of hCG.
B)high blood levels of estrogens and progesterone.
C)low blood level inhibin.
D)high blood level of relaxin.

Question 41

A male inherits X-linked traits from

A)both his father and mother.
B)one or the other of his parents.
C)only his father.
D)only his mother.

Question 42

_________ is a genetic disorder that results from one or more missing enzymes needed in cellular respiration.

A)Huntington disease
B)Cystic fibrosis
C)Tay-Sachs disease
D)Hemophilia A

Question 43

Which of the following is a X-linked genetic disorder?

A)Tay-Sachs disease
B)hemophilia A
C)Huntington disease
D)cystic fibrosis

Question 44

Genetic disorders like Down syndrome are caused by

A)genes on the X-chromosome; females express this less often than males.
B)a recessive allele, that if passed on by both parents, causes disease.
C)errors in meiosis that cause a gamete to receive an extra chromosome.
D)a dominant allele, that if passed on by one or both parents, causes disease.