Deck 7: Muscular System

Question 1

Cramps in a muscle can be caused by

A)a lack of ATP.
B)ionic imbalances.
C)a blow to the muscle.
D)all of these choices are correct

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The muscle that can be described as multinucleated, striated and voluntary is

A)skeletal muscle.
B)smooth muscle.
C)cardiac muscle.
D)skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

To raise the mandible during chewing you would need to contract what two muscles?

A)the masseter and temporalis
B)the masseter and buccinators
C)the temporalis and buccinators
D)the buccinators and platysma

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Muscles that work opposite of the muscles producing a movement are referred to as

A)antagonists.
B)insertions.
C)synergists.
D)none of these choices are correct

Question 5

The neurotransmitter active in skeletal muscle contraction is

A)acetylcholine.
B)norepinephrine.
C)epinephrine.
D)serotonin.

Question 6

The plasma membrane, or phospholipid bilayer, of the skeletal muscle cell is referred to as the

A)sarcomere.
B)sarcolemma.
C)sarcoplasm.
D)myofibril.

Question 7

A sustained muscle contraction is referred to as

A)concentric contraction.
B)eccentric contraction.
C)fatigued contraction.
D)tetany.

Question 8

Muscle cells can store oxygen using the pigment

A)hemoglobin.
B)myosin.
C)actin.
D)none of these choices are correct

Question 9

Which of the following muscles is the prime mover of the "hamstrings"?

A)biceps femoris
B)semitendinous
C)semimembranosus
D)rectus femoris

Question 10

Contraction of the diaphragm results in

A)expiration.
B)inspiration.
C)a flat stomach ("sucking in your gut").
D)urination.

Question 11

Which is the primary muscle used in smiling, when the corners of your moth lift upward?

A)orbicularis oculi
B)orbicularis oris
C)masseter
D)zygomaticus

Question 12

The broad sheet of fibrous connective tissue active in connecting one muscle to another is referred to as the

A)insertion.
B)aponeurosis.
C)myofibril.
D)ligament.

Question 13

When breathing, the muscles that surround the thoracic cavity undergo ________ contractions.

A)concentric
B)eccentric
C)isotonic
D)isometric

Question 14

Fibrosis of muscle tissue is caused by

A)inflammation of the muscle.
B)replacement of muscle tissue by fibrous connective tissue.
C)inflammation of the tendons connecting the muscle to bone.
D)inflammation of the fascia surrounding the muscle.

Question 15

A graded response occurs when

A)multiple motor units are activated.
B)an individual muscle cell undergoes an all-or-none response.
C)multiple muscles in a group are activated.
D)none of these choices are correct

Question 16

A weight lifter is attempting a new level of weights that are too heavy for him. His muscles contract but can't shorten. This would be an example of what type of contraction?

A)concentric contraction
B)eccentric contraction
C)isotonic contraction
D)isometric contraction

Question 17

The functional unit of skeletal muscle is

A)myosin.
B)sarcolemma.
C)a motor unit.
D)a sarcomere.

Question 18

The site of attachment of a muscle that does not move during contraction is identified as the

A)insertion.
B)tendon.
C)ligament.
D)origin.

Question 19

You've just eaten something sour and pucker your lips in response. This occurs due to the contraction of the ________ muscle.

A)orbicularis oculi
B)orbicularis oris
C)masseter
D)zygomaticus

Question 20

The muscle that can be described as involuntary, non-striated, and having a single nucleus is

A)skeletal muscle.
B)smooth muscle.
C)cardiac muscle.
D)skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle.

Question 21

The muscle that extends the forearm is the

A)brachialis.
B)triceps brachii.
C)brachioradialis.
D)biceps brachii.

Question 22

The ________ originates on the condyles of the femur, inserts on the calcaneus, flexes the leg, and plantar flexes the foot.

A)gastrocnemius
B)soleus
C)peroneus longus
D)tibialis anterior

Question 23

The superficial muscle that originates on the pubic bone and inserts on the tip of the sternum and costal cartilages is the

A)rectus abdominis.
B)external oblique.
C)internal oblique.
D)transversus abdominis.

Question 24

The deepest of the abdominal muscles is the ______________.

A)transversus abdominus
B)external oblique
C)internal oblique
D)rectus abdominus

Question 25

A skeletal muscle contains many fascicles of _________ bound together by _________ connective tissue.

A)myofilaments; dense irregular
B)myosin filaments; dense irregular
C)muscle fibers; dense irregular
D)muscle fibers; loose

Question 26

The muscle that extends and rotates the femur laterally is the

A)psoas major.
B)adductor magnus.
C)gluteus maximus.
D)gluteus medius.

Question 27

An all-or-none response to a threshold stimulus is characteristic of

A)individual muscle fibers.
B)small muscles.
C)large muscles.
D)none of these choices are correct

Question 28

The muscle that abducts and extends the humerus is the

A)latissimus dorsi.
B)pectoralis major.
C)coracobrachialis.
D)deltoid.

Question 29

The accumulation of lactic acid during strenuous muscle activity results from a deficiency of

A)pyruvic acid.
B)glucose.
C)ADP.
D)oxygen.

Question 30

When a muscle spanning a joint contracts, it pulls the ________ toward the ________.

A)insertion; origin
B)origin; insertion
C)smaller bone; larger bone
D)larger bone; smaller bone

Question 31

Muscle that is trained for endurance would have all of the following adaptations except:

A)an increased number of mitochondria.
B)an increased ability to store oxygen inside of muscle cells.
C)better vascularization, with more capillaries in the muscle.
D)an increased number of myofibrils in muscle fibers.

Question 32

Two muscles of mastication are the _________ and _________.

A)masseter; buccinator
B)masseter; platysma
C)masseter; temporalis
D)masseter; zygomaticus

Question 33

All of the following muscles are attached to the scapula except:

A)supraspinatous
B)latissimus dorsi
C)rhomboideus major
D)teres minor

Question 34

A motor neuron and the muscle fibers it controls constitute a __________, which contains _________ muscle fibers where precise muscle control is required.

A)motor fascicle; very few
B)muscle; many
C)motor unit; very few
D)motor unit; many

Question 35

Contraction of myofibrils results from _________ cross-bridges pulling _______ filaments to the center of a sarcomere.

A)myosin; muscle fibers
B)myosin; thick
C)actin; myosin
D)myosin; thin

Question 36

A muscle fiber is stimulated to contract when receptors on the _________ bind with acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft by the terminal bouton of the ________.

A)motor neuron; sarcolemma
B)sarcolemma; motor neuron
C)sarcomere; motor neuron
D)synaptic vesicles; motor neuron

Question 37

In general, muscles on the anterior surface of the arm are __________, and muscles on the anterior surface of the leg are ____________.

A)flexors, extensors
B)flexors, flexors
C)extensors, flexors
D)extensors, extensors

Question 38

A graded response of posture muscles such as the gluteus maximus is called ________.

A)atrophy
B)hypertrophy
C)muscle tone
D)maximal stimulus

Question 39

A muscle's motor units are activated by different thresholds of stimulation, which enables a muscle to exhibit

A)sustained contractions.
B)graded contractions.
C)latent contractions.
D)all-or-none responses.

Question 40

Select the three muscles that compose the hamstrings and flex the leg.

A)biceps femoris, rectus femoris, semitendinosus
B)biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus
C)biceps femoris, gracilis, sartorius
D)biceps femoris, vastus medialis, semitendinosus

Question 41

You discover a new muscle that has three bellies and is located in the anterior compartment of the leg. What should you name it?

A)triceps crurae
B)deltoid crurae
C)triceps femoris
D)trapezius of the leg

Question 42

Which ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to allow muscle contraction?

A)K⁺
B)Na⁺
C)Ca²⁺
D)Mg²⁺

Question 43

A cordlike structure that attaches muscles to bone is called a(n) _____.

A)aponeurosis
B)tendon
C)fascia
D)fascicle

Question 44

If a group of agonists and antagonists contract at the same time, producing the same force at a joint, what movement will occur?

A)the movement of the agonist
B)the movement of the antagonist
C)isotonic movement
D)no movement will occur.Both muscle groups will contract isometrically.

Question 45

Muscles are named based on all of the following EXCEPT

A)location
B)function or action
C)shape
D)amount of force produced

Question 46

A _____ contains a somatic motor neuron and all of the muscle cells that it innervates.

A)sarcolemma
B)motor end plate
C)sarcomere
D)motor unit