Deck 15: Developmental Psychopathology

Question 1

A child whose individual IQ test score is two standard deviations below the mean is said to be

A) gifted.
B) mentally retarded.
C) autistic.
D) depressed.

Answer 1

mentally retarded.

Question 2

What is the term used to describe deviations from normal behavior and normal attainments for a person of a given age?

A) Deviant development
B) Delay
C) Aberration
D) Psychopathology

Answer 2

Psychopathology

Question 3

The three sets of factors that may influence an adult's judgment about a child are

A) child characteristics, characteristics of the adult, and contextual variables.
B) the child's gender, the child's physical appearance, and the child's interpersonal skills.
C) the adult's profession, the adult's religious background, the adult's views on children.
D) the child's social background, the child's race, and the child's family stability.

Answer 3

child characteristics, characteristics of the adult, and contextual variables.

Question 4

The medical model is considered by most researchers and clinicians to be

A) insufficient in explaining abnormal child development.
B) completely irrelevant to abnormal child development.
C) better at explaining abnormal child development than other models.
D) accurate in explaining abnormal child development.

Question 5

Children who are coercive and confrontational with parents are usually

A) popular with their peers.
B) liked by their peers.
C) preferred by their peers.
D) rejected by their peers.

Question 6

Suicidal thoughts are very uncharacteristic in depressed

A) adolescents.
B) adults.
C) children.
D) college students.

Question 7

As a rule, depression __________ from preschool to adolescence, especially in girls.

A) increases
B) decreases
C) equalizes
D) disappears

Question 8

Parents and other adults are more likely to perceive and respond to a behavior as deviant if it occurs in

A) boys.
B) girls.
C) socially skilled children.
D) attractive children.

Question 9

Defining abnormal personalities as a deviation from the average, normal, or healthy personality is employing the concept of an

A) average personality.
B) ideal personality.
C) abnormal personality.
D) original personality.

Question 10

Which model is often used as a guide in determining what constitutes deviance from the average?

A) Medical model
B) Ideological model
C) Statistical model
D) Perceptual model

Question 11

The frequency and patterns of symptoms in behavior disorders will usually

A) remain constant across the course of development.
B) vary across the course of development.
C) disappear across the course of development.
D) increase across the course of development.

Question 12

The term __________ literally means "departing from the normal."

A) atypical
B) abnormal
C) commonplace
D) average

Question 13

Developmental psychopathology combines the study of __________ with the study of _________.

A) psychopathology; biology
B) psychopathology; development
C) psychopathology; psychotherapy
D) neuropsychology; deviant sociology

Question 14

Which model defines abnormality as any feelings or behaviors that differ from the average by some set amount?

A) Medical
B) Ideological
C) Statistical
D) Perceptual

Question 15

Developmental psychopathology should always be viewed in relation to _______, which are the major developmental tasks and changes that occur across the lifespan.

A) abnormal development
B) deviant development
C) normal development
D) advanced development

Question 16

What disorder is often characterized by social withdrawal and a dysphoric mood, and is often masked by hyperactivity in younger children?

A) Attention deficit disorder
B) Euphoria
C) Mania
D) Depression

Question 17

Critics of the medical model's explanation of psychopathology are more apt to explain psychological or abnormal pathologies in terms of

A) problems in living.
B) social judgments.
C) physical factors.
D) cognitive deficits.

Question 18

What model assumes that the psychological disorder, like a physical disease, resides within the individual?

A) Psychodynamic model
B) Medical model
C) Constitutional model
D) Developmental model

Question 19

Two of the earliest behavioral warning signs for psychopathology in children are

A) overcompliance and depression.
B) noncompliant behaviors and peer rejection.
C) assertiveness and low academic achievement.
D) depression and withdrawal.

Question 20

The symptoms for depressed children, adolescents, and adults differ. What type of differences does this indicate?

A) Educational
B) Developmental
C) Social
D) Geographical

Question 21

Cross-cultural data from Thailand indicates that in comparison to the U.S. perception of under- and overcontrolled behavior, Thais rate children's behavior problems as

A) less troublesome.
B) more troublesome.
C) a pervasive problem.
D) indicative of a need for attention.

Question 22

Which of the following behaviors may be cause for concern in relation to psychological disorders?

A) Aggressive, antisocial behaviors
B) Nail biting
C) Temper tantrums
D) Bed-wetting

Question 23

The cause of a disorder is referred to as its

A) origin.
B) source.
C) etiology.
D) classification.

Question 24

Childhood disorders like hyperactivity, aggression, and antisocial behavior are positively correlated with

A) prenatal complications.
B) dysfunctions in adulthood.
C) parental age.
D) number of siblings.

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT listed as one of the childhood disorders in the DSM-IV?

A) Depression
B) Autistic disorder
C) Conduct disorder
D) Schizophrenia

Question 26

The DSM-IV is otherwise known as

A) the classification approach.
B) the empirical approach.
C) the diagnostic approach.
D) diagnostic validity.

Question 27

The measure of how often two or more different clinicians independently arrive at the same diagnosis of a child is called

A) diagnostic validity.
B) diagnostic standardization.
C) diagnostic reliability.
D) diagnostic holism.

Question 28

Whether or not a particular behavior problem is to be viewed as normal or not greatly depends on the probability that it will continue over time, and the child's

A) personality.
B) race.
C) age.
D) IQ.

Question 29

Probably, the best-known and most widely used diagnostic classification system has been compiled by the

A) American Psychological Association.
B) American Psychiatric Association.
C) American Medical Association.
D) American Diagnostic Association.

Question 30

Influences that include the child's home situation, prior behavior, school, and socioeconomic status are known as

A) contextual factors or considerations.
B) developmental factors or considerations.
C) assessment factors or considerations.
D) demographic factors or considerations.

Question 31

proposed that the continuity in maladaptive behaviors was sustained by

A) cumulative continuity and niche picking.
B) evocative continuity and niche picking.
C) genetic and environmental factors.
D) cumulative continuity and interactional continuity.

Question 32

In order to be valid, a classification system must first be

A) reliable.
B) safe.
C) organized.
D) useful.

Question 33

In order for a diagnosis to be useful it must be

A) consistent and reliable.
B) valid and reliable.
C) accurate and valid.
D) objective and independent.

Question 34

, abusive mothers attributed their own children's transgression and failures to __________ causes and other children's failures to _________ causes.

A) internal; internal
B) internal; external
C) external; internal
D) external; external

Question 35

Whether or not a particular behavior is viewed as abnormal or not depends on

A) a child's age.
B) the probability that the behavior will continue over time.
C) the probability that the behavior will continue on into adulthood.
D) All of these

Question 36

How many developmental psychopathology diagnoses are listed in the most recent Diagnostic and Statistical Manual?

A) Two
B) Seven
C) More than 30
D) More than 75

Question 37

The most widely used diagnostic classification system is the

A) DSM-IV.
B) DSR-III-M.
C) APA-II-C.
D) DSM-R-III.

Question 38

Certain childhood problems such as bed-wetting, thumb-sucking, and tics

A) usually increase with age.
B) usually decrease with age.
C) are more commonly found in girls.
D) are found equally in boys and girls.

Question 39

Overall, the reliability of DSM-IV's diagnostic categories is

A) high.
B) low.
C) mixed.
D) consistent.

Question 40

On what occasion or in what context would a parent or adult be LEAST likely to perceive or respond to some behavior as deviant?

A) When it occurred in boys
B) When it occurred in temperamentally difficult children
C) When it occurred in children with a history of multiple forms of deviancy
D) When it occurred in girls

Question 41

Studies have shown that drug abuse by youths is often __________ when a close friend or popular peer uses a specific drug or chemical substance.

A) facilitated
B) reduced
C) rejected
D) devalued

Question 42

, the highest drug-use rates are found among

A) Mexican Americans.
B) African Americans.
C) European Americans.
D) Native Americans.

Question 43

Which one of the following factors is NOT associated with illicit drug use?

A) Social alienation
B) Need to increase self-insight
C) High self-esteem
D) Resistance to authority

Question 44

A group of disorders characterized by gross deficits in cognitive, social, and emotional development that are associated with severe impairment of social interaction and communication skills are called

A) antisocial developmental disorders.
B) pervasive developmental disorders.
C) overcontrolled developmental disorders.
D) schizophrenia.

Question 45

Which one of the following factors is NOT associated with the empirical method?

A) Description of courses of treatment
B) Parental ratings of the degree to which children display problem behaviors
C) Peer ratings of possible risky behaviors
D) Use of statistics to determine which problem behaviors are associated with one another

Question 46

Adults who describe themselves as inattentive, restless, impulsive, and lacking in self-esteem may have suffered from what disorder as children?

A) Autism
B) Attention deficit disorder
C) Depression
D) Conduct disorder

Question 47

Behavior disorders in which the child's problem behavior has an impact on, and is most disturbing to, those people in the child's environment are classified as

A) overcontrolled.
B) undercontrolled.
C) pervasive-aggressive.
D) neurological.

Question 48

According to recent studies of drug use and affluence, which ethnic group is most likely to use alcohol and tobacco earlier?

A) African Americans
B) European Americans
C) Hispanic Americans
D) Asian Americans

Question 49

If Liz repetitively breaks conventional rules primarily when she is alone and it is so extreme as to be referred to a specialist, she is probably suffering from what type of disorder?

A) Conduct
B) Prosocial
C) Socialized
D) Illicit

Question 50

The three major problems experienced by most hyperactive children are

A) an aversion to learning, lack of selective attention, and impulsivity.
B) inappropriate activity, distractibility, and an aversion to learning.
C) inappropriate activity, lack of sustained attention, and impulsivity.
D) lack of sustained attention, lack of selective attention, and low IQ.

Question 51

Brian, aged 12, repetitively breaks social rules and has been diagnosed as having a conduct disorder. Lately, Brian has been breaking the law by shoplifting and breaking car windows with his rifle. Brian is now said to be __________, by legal standards.

A) delinquent
B) undercontrolled
C) illegitimate
D) unsocialized

Question 52

Penelope is a problem for her parents. She never follows the rules they set for her, and when they confront her she starts throwing any object within her reach. Penelope has a(n)

A) temporary disorder.
B) status disorder.
C) overcontrolled behavior disorder.
D) undercontrolled behavior disorder.

Question 53

Rule violation, disobedience, noncompliance, and aggression are all forms of

A) overcontrolled behavior disorders.
B) undercontrolled behavior disorders.
C) adolescent-appropriate behavior.
D) male-appropriate behavior.

Question 54

When Wesley stole his first car, the arresting officer told him that he had committed a

A) minor offense.
B) status offense.
C) criminal offense.
D) conduct offense.

Question 55

The most successful treatments for conduct disorders use are

A) psychoanalytic and behavioral techniques.
B) drug therapies.
C) talk therapies.
D) behavioral and social learning techniques.

Question 56

Gender differences in alcohol and tobacco use indicate that affluent youth are at greater risk of substance abuse problems if

A) they experience pressure to achieve.
B) feel distant from their mothers.
C) lack supervision.
D) All of these

Question 57

Which of the following statements is correct?

A) Over three times as many boys as girls are reported to exhibit conduct disorders.
B) More girls than boys are labeled as having undercontrolled behavior disorders.
C) Overcontrolled behavior disorders are the most frequently reported of all psychological problems of childhood.
D) Undercontrolled behavior is defined by its negative impact on the individual.

Question 58

Repetitive and persistent pattern of rule violations define

A) ethical disorders.
B) narrow-band disorders.
C) conduct disorders.
D) hyperactive disorders.

Question 59

If a child breaks conventional rules and these violations are repetitive, the problem is called a(n)

A) antisocial disorder.
B) delinquent disorder.
C) status-offense disorder.
D) conduct disorder.

Question 60

For children and adolescents, the possession and consumption of alcohol is considered a conduct problem as well as being a

A) criminal offense.
B) consumption offense.
C) status offense.
D) felony offense.

Question 61

Substance use is related to increased popularity

A) among disadvantaged youth.
B) among youth from affluent families.
C) among affluent and disadvantaged youth.
D) among neither group of youth.

Question 62

Which of the following involves the ability to remain alert to a task over an extended period of time?

A) Selective inattention
B) Attention deficit
C) Distractibility quotient
D) Sustained attention

Question 63

Research studies comparing the effects of psychostimulant medication on the interactions of hyperactive children and their parents found

A) medication helped improve parent-child interactions.
B) medication made no difference in parent-child interactions.
C) maternal expectations confounded the results.
D) child expectations increased appropriate interactions.

Question 64

According to Seligman, the feeling of being unable to control the outcome of events in one's life results in

A) suicide.
B) learned helplessness.
C) regression.
D) bipolar depression.

Question 65

The psychological intervention based on social learning principles used to treat hyperactivity in children is

A) psychosocial therapy.
B) behavior therapy.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) psychoanalytic therapy.

Question 66

Your friend Lucinda has suffered from depression since she entered adolescence. She is now in therapy that teaches relaxation techniques and self-control over her dark moods. The therapy that Lucinda is involved in is

A) relaxation therapy.
B) play therapy.
C) emotive therapy.
D) cognitive behavior therapy.

Question 67

Chance is a 3-year-old boy who uses repetitive speech patterns, avoids eye contact, does not like to be touched, and spends hours flapping his arms while watching a top spin on the kitchen floor. Chance will probably be diagnosed as having

A) schizophrenia.
B) autism.
C) hyperactivity.
D) childhood psychosis.

Question 68

Currently, the most popular biological hypothesis for hyperactivity is that hyperactivity

A) results from brain damage.
B) is caused by paradoxical effects of psychostimulants.
C) results from food additives and refined sugar.
D) is a genetic disorder.

Question 69

Rodney is very sad lately and appears lonely to others. He has recently expressed suicidal thoughts and seems obsessed with images of death. Rodney is seeing a psychologist today at his parents' request and will probably be diagnosed as

A) manic-depressive.
B) clinically depressed.
C) obsessive-compulsive.
D) dissociative in personality.

Question 70

One biological explanation for cause of hyperactivity in children focuses on

A) brain damage.
B) minimal brain dysfunction.
C) an overabundance of neurons.
D) selective developmental delays.

Question 71

Mark has been told numerous times by his parents that, before he can play with the Nintendo, he must complete all of his homework. Mark never seems to have gotten the message and repeatedly goes for the Nintendo before his homework is complete. Mark is exhibiting

A) deficiencies in rule-governed behavior.
B) typical boy behavior.
C) deficiencies in emotional control.
D) the need to selectively attend.

Question 72

Which of the following is NOT a side effect associated with children's usage of psychostimulants to treat hyperactivity?

A) Weight gain
B) Abdominal pain
C) Insomnia
D) Growth suppression

Question 73

on the treatment of ADHA found

A) the best treatment was to give children medication.
B) the best treatment was psychosocial interventions.
C) the best treatment was a combination of medications and psychosocial treatment.
D) no treatment was really effective.

Question 74

Hyperactive children exhibit __________, or acting before thinking, which often leads to frequent accidents.

A) aggression
B) dysplasia
C) impulsivity
D) theatrics

Question 75

Which of the following characteristics of adolescent suicide is correct?

A) Females are more likely to use active methods to commit suicide.
B) More males than females attempt suicide.
C) Suicide is related to a general sense of overwhelming hopelessness.
D) All teenagers who commit suicide alert others to their intentions.

Question 76

Psychostimulant medication improves the behavior of about __________% of all hyperactive children, at least for a short-term form of therapy.

A) 25
B) 50
C) 80
D) 100

Question 77

Research suggests that youth from financially affluent families

A) may be at increased risk for psychopathology.
B) are less likely to suffer from psychopathology than more disadvantaged youth.
C) are happier and more satisfied with their lives than disadvantaged youth.
D) have lower rates of substance abuse than disadvantaged youth.

Question 78

Which of the following factors is linked with children's depression?

A) Cultural expectations
B) Social acceptance
C) Parental depression
D) All of these

Question 79

Chronic irritability is a common symptom of ___________ in children.

A) anxiety
B) agitation
C) schizophrenia
D) depression

Question 80

Which of the following would be characteristic of an overcontrolled disorder in a child?

A) Overcontrolling parents
B) Depression
C) Euphoria
D) Aggression