Deck 22: Amphibian and Reptilian Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

The reptilian heart is composed of

A) one atrium and four ventricles.
B) one atrium and two ventricles.
C) two atria and four ventricles.
D) two atria and one ventricle.

Answer 1

two atria and one ventricle.

Question 2

The largest white blood cell in reptilian blood is the

A) basophil.
B) heterophil.
C) monocyte.
D) neutrophil.

Answer 2

monocyte.

Question 3

Ecdysis is under the control of the

A) adrenal gland.
B) gonads.
C) posterior pituitary gland.
D) thyroid gland.

Answer 3

thyroid gland.

Question 4

Blood is most frequently drawn from the __ of a snake.

A) jugular vein
B) postoccipital sinus
C) subcarapacial sinus
D) ventral coccygeal vein

Question 5

Ecdysis in snakes is preceded by

A) dulling of skin color and shedding of scales.
B) opacity of the brille and dulling of skin color.
C) redness of the skin and opacity of the brille.
D) shedding of scales and redness of the skin.

Question 6

Which reptiles have a tapetum?

A) crocodiles
B) lizards
C) snakes
D) turtles

Question 7

Because amphibians and reptiles are generally not able to generate their own body heat, they are referred to as

A) ectothermic.
B) endothermic.
C) exothermic.
D) hypothermic.

Question 8

The pigment-containing cells that allow some herptiles to change their skin color are called

A) chlorocytes.
B) chlorophores.
C) chromatocytes.
D) chromatophores.

Question 9

Snakes have modified scales called __ instead of eyelids that cover their eyes.

A) brilles
B) ectoderms
C) exuvia
D) scutes

Question 10

Which group of animals does not have true eyelids but instead has spectacles?

A) chameleons
B) crocodiles
C) snakes
D) turtles

Question 11

The crocodilian heart is different from the mammalian heart in that it has

A) 0 aorta.
B) 2 aortas.
C) 3 aortas.
D) 4 aortas.

Question 12

Dysecdysis is

A) abnormal breathing sounds.
B) abnormal eating habits.
C) abnormal skin shedding.
D) abnormal vision.

Question 13

Exuvia is a product of

A) changing skin color.
B) digestion.
C) respiratory disease.
D) shedding skin.

Question 14

The bony plates found within the dermis of some lizards and crocodilians are called

A) brilles.
B) ectoderms.
C) osteoderms.
D) spectacles.

Question 15

In which animal could the jugular vein be an option for venipuncture?

A) alligator
B) lizard
C) snake
D) tortoise

Question 16

A turtle suffering from squamous metaplasia has a diet deficient in

A) vitamin A.
B) vitamin B₁₂.
C) vitamin B₆.
D) vitamin D.

Question 17

The iris of reptiles is made up of

A) dense, fibrous connective tissue.
B) hyaline cartilage.
C) skeletal muscle.
D) smooth muscle.

Question 18

When a herptile goes into brumation, its

A) activity level drops until the POTZ (preferred optimal temperature zone) is restored.
B) environmental temperature goes above the POTZ.
C) food intake increases.
D) metabolism rate increases.

Question 19

Heterophils in reptilian blood are analogous to __ in mammalian blood.

A) eosinophils
B) lymphocytes
C) monocytes
D) neutrophils

Question 20

The amphibian heart is similar in structure to that of a/an

A) alligator.
B) crocodile.
C) sheep.
D) snake.

Question 21

Some species of __ require a diapause during incubation for the embryos to develop normally and proceed to hatching.

A) crocodiles and alligators
B) frogs and toads
C) snakes and lizards
D) turtles and tortoises

Question 22

All adult amphibians are

A) carnivores.
B) herbivores.
C) hydrovores.
D) omnivores.

Question 23

Which reptiles do not have external ear openings?

A) frogs
B) geckos
C) snakes
D) turtles

Question 24

Blood levels of __ are higher than normal in reptiles during vitellogenesis.

A) albumin
B) calcium
C) hemoglobin
D) lipids

Question 25

What type of tooth, found in lizards, does not grow back if it is lost or broken?

A) acrodont
B) pleurodont
C) thecodont
D) tomium

Question 26

Hemipenes are found in

A) crocodiles and alligators.
B) frogs and toads.
C) snakes and lizards.
D) turtles and tortoises.

Question 27

In snakes the ureters empty into the

A) urethra.
B) urinary bladder.
C) urodeum.
D) vent.

Question 28

Gas exchange in a herptilian lung occurs in the

A) alveoli.
B) caudal air sac.
C) cervical air sac.
D) faveoli.

Question 29

Because of an absence of __ vocalization in herptiles is limited.

A) arytenoid cartilages
B) glottal openings
C) soft palates
D) vocal cords

Question 30

The type of lung structure found in turtles, lizards, and crocodilians is

A) multicameral.
B) paucicameral.
C) tricameral.
D) unicameral.

Question 31

Which reptiles have no teeth?

A) anura
B) chelonians
C) crocodilians
D) squamata

Question 32

The columella is the __ in amphibians and reptiles

A) eardrum
B) inner ear apparatus
C) middle ear bone
D) outer ear covering

Question 33

Which amphibians are capable of prolapsing their stomachs to empty and clean them?

A) alligators and crocodiles
B) frogs and toads
C) salamanders and newts
D) turtles and tortoises

Question 34

Which reptiles have complete tracheal rings?

A) anura
B) chelonians
C) crocodilians
D) squamata

Question 35

The vomeronasal organ allows animals to

A) feel ground movements.
B) follow scents.
C) hear low-pitched sounds.
D) see well in the dark.

Question 36

Vitellogenin is produced by the reptilian

A) developing follicle.
B) liver.
C) oviduct.
D) uterus.

Question 37

In male reptiles the ductus deferens leads from the testes to the

A) colodeum.
B) coprodeum.
C) proctodeum.
D) urodeum.

Question 38

The keratinized beak of turtles and tortoises is called a/an

A) acrodont.
B) pleurodont.
C) thecodont.
D) tomium.

Question 39

Crocodilians rely on the __ to determine the sex of the hatchling.

A) diet
B) father
C) mother
D) temperature

Question 40

Which chamber of the cloaca is the most caudal?

A) colodeum
B) coprodeum
C) proctodeum
D) urodeum

Question 41

The three sections of the reptilian spinal column are

A) cranial, sacral, and caudal.
B) presacral, postsacral, and caudal.
C) presacral, sacral, and caudal.
D) sacral, postsacral, and caudal.

Question 42

Snake and lizard skulls are made for ingestion of large prey because they lack

A) bony eye sockets.
B) mandibular symphyses.
C) quadrate bones.
D) teeth.

Question 43

Spurs on pythons and boas are vestigial

A) pectoral limbs.
B) pelvic limbs.
C) shells.
D) wings.

Question 44

Most frogs and toads are

A) larviparous.
B) oviparous.
C) ovoviviparous.
D) viviparous.

Question 45

How many toes does a gecko have on each foot?

A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6

Question 46

Which animal can lose its tail through tail autonomy?

A) alligator
B) lizard
C) snake
D) tortoise