Deck 20: Pregnancy, Development, and Lactation

Question 1

The rapid mitosis that occurs while the fertilized ovum is moving toward the uterus is

A) cleavage.
B) meiosis.
C) metaphase.
D) telophase.

Answer 1

cleavage.

Question 2

The multilayered, fluid-filled, membranous sac that develops around an embryo is the

A) allantoic sac.
B) amnionic sac.
C) placenta.
D) umbilicus.

Answer 2

placenta.

Question 3

Spermatozoa are transported to the oviducts in just minutes due primarily to

A) infundibulum movements.
B) their own motility.
C) uterine contractions.
D) vaginal contractions.

Answer 3

uterine contractions.

Question 4

What stage of zygote development implants in the uterus?

A) blastocyst
B) embryo
C) fetus
D) morula

Question 5

What is the maximum number of spermatozoa that can enter an ovum to fertilize the ovum?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 4

Question 6

Intromission is the term for

A) ejaculation.
B) insertion of a penis into a vagina.
C) the changes spermatozoa undergo in the female reproductive tract.
D) the time it takes for spermatozoa to reach an ovum.

Question 7

In species that don't deposit semen directly into the uterus, where does ejaculation deposit the semen?

A) cervix
B) lower portion of the vagina
C) upper portion of the vagina
D) vestibule of the vulva

Question 8

Which two species deposit semen directly into the uterus during ejaculation?

A) bovine and equine
B) caprine and bovine
C) equine and porcine
D) porcine and caprine

Question 9

Sexual stimuli in the male results from high levels of __ in the female.

A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) progestins
D) testosterone

Question 10

Implantation occurs in the __ of the uterus.

A) endometrium
B) myometrium
C) fallopian tube
D) cervix

Question 11

A pronucleus has a

A) diploid chromosome number.
B) haploid chromosome number.
C) hollow center with a bump of cells on one side.
D) solid center.

Question 12

The acrosome of the spermatozoa is found

A) at the caudal tip of the tail of the spermatozoa.
B) covering the head of the spermatozoa.
C) encircling the midpiece of the spermatozoa.
D) in the nucleus of the spermatozoa.

Question 13

The umbilical cord connects the

A) fetus to the placenta.
B) fetus to the umbilical artery.
C) fetus to the umbilical vein.
D) fetus to the urachus.

Question 14

An erect penis has

A) more blood being brought to erectile tissue by arteries and veins than when the male is not sexually stimulated.
B) more blood entering erectile tissue from arteries than leaving through veins.
C) more semen entering erectile tissue from veins than leaving through arteries.
D) more semen pooled in the root of the penis than when the penis is not erect.

Question 15

Capacitation is the term for

A) ejaculation.
B) insertion of a penis into a vagina.
C) the changes spermatozoa undergo in the female reproductive tract.
D) the time it takes for spermatozoa to reach an oviduct.

Question 16

In addition to the corona radiata, a spermatozoon must also pass through the __, a thick gel that surrounds the ovum, to fertilize the ovum.

A) acrosome
B) corpus hemorrhagicum
C) corpus luteum
D) zona pellucida

Question 17

As soon as an ovum is fertilized it is called a

A) blastocyst.
B) morula.
C) pronucleus.
D) zygote.

Question 18

Copulation results in the release of __, a hormone, from the posterior pituitary gland.

A) FSH
B) LH
C) oxytocin
D) prolactin

Question 19

The blood vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood to the developing fetus is the

A) placental artery.
B) placental vein.
C) umbilical artery.
D) umbilical vein.

Question 20

The acrosome of the spermatozoa contains

A) a diploid number of chromosomes.
B) a haploid number of chromosomes.
C) digestive enzymes.
D) male sex hormones.

Question 21

Which stage of the labor is characterized by strong uterine and abdominal muscle contractions?

A) first stage
B) fourth stage
C) second stage
D) third stage

Question 22

During what stage of labor is the placenta delivered?

A) first stage
B) fourth stage
C) second stage
D) third stage

Question 23

A placentome consists of an area on the lining of the uterus called the

A) carbuncle.
B) caruncle.
C) coronary band.
D) cotyledon.

Question 24

Which type of placental attachment is characterized by attachment sites called placentomes?

A) cotyledonary
B) diffuse
C) discoid
D) zonary

Question 25

How many placental sacs surround a fetus during its development?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 4

Question 26

A placentome consists of an area on the surface of the placenta called the

A) carbuncle.
B) caruncle.
C) coronary band.
D) cotyledon.

Question 27

The urachus carries fluid from the fetal urinary bladder to the

A) allantoic sac.
B) amnionic sac.
C) umbilical artery.
D) umbilical vein.

Question 28

The period of pregnancy for dogs and cats is approximately

A) 1 month.
B) 2 months.
C) 3 weeks.
D) 5 months.

Question 29

Which type of placental attachment is seen in pigs and horses?

A) cotyledonary
B) diffuse
C) discoid
D) zonary

Question 30

During what stage of labor does the cervix relax?

A) first stage
B) fourth stage
C) second stage
D) third stage

Question 31

Which type of placental attachment is seen in cattle and sheep?

A) cotyledonary
B) diffuse
C) discoid
D) zonary

Question 32

Which type of placental attachment is seen in dogs and cats?

A) cotyledonary
B) diffuse
C) discoid
D) zonary

Question 33

Which type of placental attachment is most likely to give rise to a retained placenta?

A) cotyledonary
B) diffuse
C) discoid
D) zonary

Question 34

When does an embryo become a fetus?

A) during the first trimester of pregnancy
B) during the second trimester of pregnancy
C) during the third trimester of pregnancy
D) during travel from the oviduct to the uterus

Question 35

The part of the placenta that attaches to the uterus is the

A) allantois.
B) amnion.
C) chorion.
D) urachus.

Question 36

Humans and __ have approximately the same period of pregnancy, 9 months.

A) cattle
B) elephants
C) horses
D) pigs

Question 37

What three compounds must interact to begin uterine contractions?

A) estrogen, oxytocin, prostaglandin F₂-alpha
B) glucocorticoid hormones, estrogen, oxytocin
C) oxytocin, progesterone, glucocorticoid hormones
D) prostaglandin F₂-alpha, progesterone, oxytocin

Question 38

During what stage of labor do the placental sacs rupture?

A) first stage
B) fourth stage
C) second stage
D) third stage

Question 39

When during pregnancy do body tissues, organs, and systems develop?

A) during the first trimester of pregnancy
B) during the fourth trimester of pregnancy
C) during the second trimester of pregnancy
D) during the third trimester of pregnancy

Question 40

Which membrane of the placenta forms a sac immediately around the fetus?

A) allantois
B) amnion
C) chorion
D) urachus

Question 41

There is often a normal short delay between when a newborn starts nursing and when milk starts freely flowing from the teat because of a delay in the action of

A) epinephrine.
B) glucocorticosteroids.
C) oxytocin.
D) prolactin.

Question 42

How many quarters of a bovine udder share one milk-secreting system?

A) four
B) none
C) one
D) two

Question 43

The milk-secreting units of the mammary gland are the

A) alveolar ducts.
B) alveoli.
C) gland sinuses.
D) teat sinuses.

Question 44

Most of the hormones from the __ are involved in some way with mammary gland growth and development.

A) adrenal medulla
B) anterior pituitary gland
C) parathyroid gland
D) pineal gland

Question 45

The difference between milk and colostrum is that colostrum has

A) a higher level of antibodies.
B) a longer period of production.
C) a lower level of amino acids.
D) a lower level of fats.

Question 46

Where does milk accumulate when milk letdown has occurred?

A) alveolar duct and alveoli
B) alveoli and gland sinus
C) gland sinus and teat sinus
D) teat sinus and alveolar duct

Question 47

Lactation is started under the influence of

A) adrenal cortex hormones, progestins, and growth hormones.
B) estrogen, prolactin, and progesterone.
C) progestins, growth hormones, and estrogen.
D) prolactin, growth hormone, and adrenal cortex hormones.

Question 48

During what stage of labor is the fetus delivered?

A) first stage
B) fourth stage
C) second stage
D) third stage

Question 49

The return of the uterus to its nonpregnant size after giving birth is called _ of the uterus.

A) introversion
B) invagination
C) inversion
D) involution

Question 50

In order for passive immunity to be transferred from mother to offspring, the newborn must have colostrum within

A) a few days after birth.
B) a few hours after birth.
C) a few minutes after birth.
D) a month after birth.

Question 51

Lactation begins

A) immediately after implantation.
B) immediately after parturition.
C) toward the beginning of the second trimester.
D) toward the end of the third trimester of pregnancy.

Question 52

The streak canal connects the __ to the outside.

A) alveolar ducts
B) alveoli
C) gland sinus
D) teat sinus

Question 53

An embryotomy is performed on a/an

A) abnormally presented fetus.
B) dead fetus.
C) overdue fetus.
D) retained placenta.

Question 54

Which species of animal has mammary glands only in the inguinal region?

A) canine
B) equine
C) feline
D) porcine

Question 55

Another name for a difficult birth is

A) dyskinesia.
B) dysplasia.
C) dystocia.
D) dystopia.

Question 56

How long does the passive immunity a newborn receives from its mother last?

A) 14-16 weeks
B) 2-3 weeks
C) 6-8 weeks
D) unknown