Deck 18: Urinary System

Question 1

The collection chamber for urine in the kidney is the

A) calyx.
B) cortex.
C) medulla.
D) pelvis.

Answer 1

pelvis.

Question 2

Where do blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves enter and leave the kidney?

A) capsule
B) cortex
C) hilus
D) medulla

Answer 2

hilus

Question 3

Most of the nitrogenous waste in the body is a result of

A) carbohydrate metabolism.
B) erythrocyte breakdown.
C) fat metabolism.
D) protein metabolism.

Answer 3

protein metabolism.

Question 4

Because the kidneys sit between and peritoneum and the dorsal abdominal muscles, they are considered

A) intrahepatic.
B) intramuscular.
C) retroperitoneal.
D) retrorenal.

Question 5

The specific gravity of a urine sample is a reflection of its

A) color.
B) concentration.
C) pH.
D) volume.

Question 6

The term for a condition where very little urine is being passed is

A) anuria.
B) diuresis.
C) dysuria.
D) oliguria.

Question 7

Which hormone is produced and secreted by the kidney when an animal's blood pressure is too low?

A) aldosterone
B) epinephrine
C) erythropoietin
D) renin

Question 8

Which species of animal normally has cloudy urine when it is passed?

A) bovine
B) equine
C) ovine
D) porcine

Question 9

Which two hormones play a major role in the control of the amount of water contained in urine?

A) ADH and aldosterone
B) aldosterone and estrogen
C) estrogen and progesterone
D) progesterone and ADH

Question 10

The basic functional unit of a kidney is the

A) Bowman's capsule.
B) glomerulus.
C) nephron.
D) renal corpuscle.

Question 11

Which two ions can the kidney preserve or excrete to regulate the blood pH?

A) bicarbonate and carbon
B) carbon and oxygen
C) hydrogen and bicarbonate
D) oxygen and hydrogen

Question 12

The outmost layer of the kidney is the

A) cortex.
B) hilus.
C) medulla.
D) pelvis.

Question 13

Urea is a

A) bile pigment.
B) bile salt.
C) carbohydrate metabolite.
D) nitrogenous waste.

Question 14

What is the correct order of organs of the urinary system from cranial to caudal?

A) kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
B) kidneys, urethra, urinary bladder, ureter
C) ureter, urinary bladder, urethra, kidneys
D) urethra, urinary bladder, ureters, kidneys

Question 15

Which two of the methods for collecting a urine sample are considered sterile techniques?

A) bladder compression, free catch
B) catheterization, cystocentesis
C) cystocentesis, bladder compression
D) free catch, catheterization

Question 16

Except in the pig, the right kidney sits __ to the left kidney.

A) caudal
B) cranial
C) dorsal
D) ventral

Question 17

A renal corpuscle is located in the renal

A) calyx.
B) cortex.
C) medulla.
D) pelvis.

Question 18

In which animal is the right kidney more heart shaped than bean shaped?

A) cow
B) horse
C) pig
D) sheep

Question 19

Which species of animal has a lobulated kidney when viewed grossly?

A) bovine
B) equine
C) ovine
D) porcine

Question 20

The __ is a tuft of capillaries that filters blood in the first stage of urine production.

A) calyx
B) glomerulus
C) peritubular capillary
D) renal corpuscle

Question 21

The BUN is a measure of

A) blood urea nitrogen.
B) blood urine nitric acid.
C) body urea nitric acid.
D) body urine nitrogen.

Question 22

Glomerular capillaries are a continuation of the

A) afferent arterioles.
B) efferent arterioles.
C) peritubular capillaries.
D) renal vein.

Question 23

The GFR is expressed as

A) a percent.
B) liters per minute.
C) milliliters per 24 hours.
D) milliliters per minute.

Question 24

The fluid that is filtered through the tuft of capillaries in the first stage of urine production is called

A) glomerular filtrate.
B) primitive urine.
C) renal filtrate.
D) tubular filtrate.

Question 25

What three substances are eliminated from the body through tubular secretion?

A) amino acids, ammonia, hydrogen
B) ammonia, hydrogen, potassium
C) potassium, sodium, glucose
D) sodium, glucose, amino acids

Question 26

Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus is often manifested clinically by

A) glycosuria, polyuria, polydipsia.
B) glucosuria, proteinuria, glycemia.
C) osmotic diuresis, glycemia, polyuria.
D) polydipsia, polyuria, proteinuria.

Question 27

In what part of the kidney is a majority of the DCT found?

A) calyx
B) cortex
C) medulla
D) pelvis

Question 28

Oxygen transfer to the cells of a nephron takes place in the

A) afferent glomerular arterioles.
B) efferent glomerular arterioles.
C) glomerular capillaries.
D) peritubular capillaries.

Question 29

The overall process of conserving molecules by taking them back into the body is called

A) diffusion.
B) filtration.
C) osmosis.
D) reabsorption.

Question 30

Which blood vessels have oxygenated blood entering and leaving them?

A) afferent glomerular venule
B) efferent glomerular venule
C) glomerular capillaries
D) peritubular capillaries

Question 31

The renal artery is a branch of the

A) afferent glomerular arteriole.
B) aorta.
C) efferent glomerular arteriole.
D) vena cava.

Question 32

The presence of abnormal amounts of protein in urine can be used as an indicator of __ damage.

A) DCT
B) glomerular
C) loop of Henle
D) PCT

Question 33

Sodium cotransport allows __ to attach to the carrier protein that sodium is using to passively enter an epithelial cell.

A) amino acids and potassium
B) calcium and glucose
C) glucose and amino acids
D) potassium and calcium

Question 34

In what part of the kidney is a majority of the PCT found?

A) calyx
B) cortex
C) medulla
D) pelvis

Question 35

The majority of tubular reabsorption takes place in the

A) ascending loop of Henle.
B) DCT.
C) descending loop of Henle.
D) PCT.

Question 36

What two substances are normally 100% reabsorbed in the PCT?

A) amino acids and potassium
B) glucose and amino acids
C) potassium and urea
D) urea and glucose

Question 37

The medulla of the kidney is made up of mostly

A) distal convoluted tubules.
B) glomeruli.
C) loops of Henle.
D) proximal convoluted tubules.

Question 38

Glomerular filtrate contains almost no __ when compared to plasma.

A) electrolytes
B) proteins
C) salt
D) water

Question 39

In what part of kidney are the majority of renal corpuscles found?

A) calyx
B) cortex
C) medulla
D) pelvis

Question 40

The high blood pressure in glomerular capillaries forces some __ to leave the blood.

A) glomerular filtrate
B) plasma
C) red blood cells
D) water

Question 41

Diabetes insipidus can result from an inadequate release of

A) ADH.
B) aldosterone.
C) estrogen.
D) progestins.

Question 42

What makes equine urine normally cloudy?

A) casts
B) crystals
C) mucous
D) mucus

Question 43

Struvite crystals will precipitate out in urine with a pH of

A) 6.0.
B) 7.0.
C) 7.5.
D) 9.0.

Question 44

Urine is moved from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

A) 12 times a day.
B) continuously.
C) every time an animal drinks water/fluid.
D) when the animal has to urinate.

Question 45

The sphincters that control urination are found in the

A) neck of the urinary bladder.
B) trigone of the urinary bladder.
C) ureter.
D) urethra.

Question 46

The neck of the urinary bladder is __ to the body of the urinary bladder.

A) caudal
B) cranial
C) lateral
D) medial

Question 47

The sphincters that control urination are under __ control.

A) enzymatic
B) hormonal
C) involuntary muscle
D) voluntary muscle

Question 48

The detrusor muscle is found in the wall of the

A) ureter.
B) urethra.
C) urinary bladder.
D) vagina.

Question 49

Aldosterone

A) decreases reabsorption of sodium from the DCT and collecting ducts.
B) has no effect on kidney function or urine production.
C) increases reabsorption of sodium from the DCT and collecting ducts.
D) increases the secretion of ammonia from the PCT and the DCT.

Question 50

The type of epithelium found in the urethra, ureters, and urinary bladder that allows them to stretch is

A) psuedostratified columnar.
B) simple cuboidal.
C) simple squamous.
D) transitional.

Question 51

Which animal has uroliths that resemble sand rather than large stones?

A) cat
B) dog
C) goat
D) sheep

Question 52

What type of muscle is found in the ureters?

A) elastic
B) none
C) skeletal
D) smooth

Question 53

Where does ADH exert is control over water reabsorption?

A) collecting ducts and renal pelvis
B) DCT and collecting ducts
C) glomerulus and DCT
D) renal pelvis and glomerulus

Question 54

What organ produces and secretes aldosterone?

A) adrenal cortex
B) adrenal medulla
C) anterior pituitary
D) posterior pituitary

Question 55

Which animal rarely develops uroliths?

A) cow
B) dog
C) goat
D) horse

Question 56

A kidney can slowly lose nearly __ of its functional ability to make urine before clinical signs of renal failure appear.

A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 67%
D) 90%