Deck 17: Nutrients and Metabolism

Question 1

Plant and grain protein digestion in ruminants occurs primarily in the

A) abomasum.
B) omasum.
C) reticulum.
D) rumen.

Answer 1

rumen.

Question 2

A loss of a minimum of __ of its water would be fatal to an animal.

A) 15%
B) 25%
C) 35%
D) 5%

Answer 2

15%

Question 3

The nitrogen balance in a body is maintained by excretion of nitrogen primarily by the

A) kidneys.
B) large intestine.
C) lungs.
D) stomach.

Answer 3

kidneys.

Question 4

How many amino acids are there?

A) 10
B) 12
C) 22
D) 50

Question 5

Examples of macrominerals are

A) calcium, magnesium, potassium.
B) iodine, iron, sodium.
C) nickel, phosphorus, selenium.
D) sulfur, copper, chlorine.

Question 6

Taurine is an essential nutrient for which species of animal?

A) canine
B) equine
C) feline
D) ovine

Question 7

In animals that require taurine as an essential nutrient, a deficiency can lead to

A) cataracts.
B) conjunctivitis.
C) glaucoma.
D) retinal degeneration.

Question 8

Postparturient ketosis usually appears

A) during fertilization of an ova.
B) during lactation.
C) during the first trimester of pregnancy.
D) when an embryo becomes a fetus.

Question 9

When an animal starts breaking down body fat to compensate for a caloric deficiency in its diet, __ are released into the bloodstream.

A) amino acids
B) ketones
C) monosaccharides
D) polysaccharides

Question 10

Of the six categories of nutrients, which three produce energy when they are consumed?

A) carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
B) lipids, vitamins, and proteins
C) minerals, carbohydrates, and proteins
D) proteins, lipids, and minerals

Question 11

More than __ amino acids linked together is considered a protein.

A) 10
B) 3
C) 2
D) 50

Question 12

The most important dietary steroid is

A) cholesterol.
B) glycogen.
C) linolenic acid.
D) polyunsaturated fat.

Question 13

Triglycerides are named for their

A) three fatty acids attached to a glucose molecule.
B) three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule.
C) three glucose molecules attached to a fatty acid chain.
D) three glycerol molecules and three fatty acid molecules joined together.

Question 14

The fat-soluble vitamins are

A) A, B₁₂, C, D.
B) A, D, E, K.
C) C, B₆, B₁₂, E.
D) C, D, E, K.

Question 15

The major cellular fuel for the body is

A) ADP.
B) ATP.
C) glucose.
D) water.

Question 16

Examples of trace elements are

A) calcium, potassium, sodium.
B) chlorine, selenium, fluorine.
C) cobalt, fluorine, sulfur.
D) iodine, iron, zinc.

Question 17

The primary function of dietary vitamins is to

A) activate enzymes.
B) break down proteins.
C) degrade minerals.
D) metabolize carbohydrates.

Question 18

Which system in the body is the most unaffected by starvation?

A) cardiovascular
B) muscular
C) nervous
D) skeletal

Question 19

Examples of microminerals are

A) cobalt, calcium, chromium.
B) copper, iodine, iron.
C) magnesium, zinc, fluorine, sulfur.
D) manganese, magnesium, molybdenum.

Question 20

On the average, most mammals are about __ water.

A) 40%
B) 50%
C) 70%
D) 90%

Question 21

What happens to the enzyme after an enzymatic reaction is complete?

A) It gains a water molecule.
B) It loses a carbon atom.
C) It loses its hydrogen atoms.
D) Nothing happens.

Question 22

During catabolic metabolism carbohydrates are broken down by hydrolysis into

A) amino acids.
B) fatty acids.
C) monosaccharides.
D) nucleotides.

Question 23

The second stage of catabolic metabolism occurs in the

A) cell membrane.
B) cytosol.
C) mitochondria.
D) ribosomes.

Question 24

A catalyst

A) lowers the activation energy of a reaction and slows down the reaction.
B) lowers the activation energy of a reaction and speeds up the reaction.
C) raises the activation energy of a reaction and slows down the reaction.
D) raises the activation energy of a reaction and speeds up the reaction.

Question 25

Each enzyme has the capability of initiating a maximum of how many types of enzymatic reactions.

A) 5
B) 1
C) 10
D) 2

Question 26

Starches are

A) disaccharides that come from milk and honey.
B) monosaccharides found in most vegetables.
C) monosaccharides that come from fruits, sugar cane, and sugar beets.
D) polysaccharides that come from grains, root vegetables, and legumes.

Question 27

In general, cofactors and coenzymes assist with

A) anabolic metabolism.
B) catabolic metabolism.
C) enzymatic reactions.
D) hydrolytic reactions.

Question 28

During catabolic metabolism protein is broken down by hydrolysis into

A) amino acids.
B) fatty acids.
C) monosaccharides.
D) nucleotides.

Question 29

Which of the following minerals is the most abundant in the body?

A) calcium
B) iron
C) potassium
D) sodium

Question 30

Hemoglobin is classified as a

A) membrane protein.
B) protective protein.
C) structural protein.
D) transport protein.

Question 31

The third stage of catabolic metabolism occurs in the

A) cell membrane.
B) cytosol.
C) mitochondria.
D) ribosomes.

Question 32

Cellulose is a

A) disaccharide that comes from milk and honey.
B) polysaccharide found in most vegetables.
C) monosaccharide that comes from fruits, sugar cane, and sugar beets.
D) monosaccharide that comes from grains, root vegetables, and legumes.

Question 33

During dehydration synthesis a __ molecule is produced.

A) monosaccharide
B) potassium chloride
C) sodium chloride
D) water

Question 34

The molecule with which an enzyme reacts is the

A) substance.
B) substate.
C) substrate.
D) substratum.

Question 35

Most enzymes end with the suffix

A) -ace.
B) -ase.
C) -ate.
D) -atyl.

Question 36

In total, what is the maximum number of ATP molecules that can be formed from each molecule of glucose that enters a cell?

A) 16
B) 18
C) 36
D) 38

Question 37

The first stage of catabolic metabolism occurs in the

A) gall bladder.
B) liver.
C) pancreas.
D) stomach.

Question 38

During catabolic metabolism fats are broken down by hydrolysis into fatty acids and

A) amino acids.
B) glycerol.
C) monosaccharides.
D) nucleotides.

Question 39

Insulin is classified as a

A) membrane protein.
B) protective protein.
C) regulatory protein.
D) transport protein.

Question 40

Where in the cell would you find the cristae?

A) cell membrane
B) cytoplasm
C) mitochondria
D) nucleus