Deck 15: Respiratory System

Question 1

The vocal cords are composed of

A) fibrous connective tissue.
B) hyaline cartilage.
C) skeletal muscle.
D) smooth muscle.

Answer 1

fibrous connective tissue.

Question 2

Which of these species is most prone to asthma attacks?

A) canine
B) caprine
C) equine
D) feline

Answer 2

feline

Question 3

The upper respiratory tract includes all structures

A) caudal to the pharynx.
B) cranial to the pharynx.
C) inside the lungs.
D) outside the lungs.

Answer 3

outside the lungs.

Question 4

The acceptable range of pH in most animals is

A) 6.00-8.00
B) 6.45-7.45
C) 7.35-7.45
D) 7.45-7.65

Question 5

The nasopharynx sits __ to the oropharynx in a standing animal.

A) caudal
B) cranial
C) dorsal
D) ventral

Question 6

Sinuses are outpouchings of the

A) larynx.
B) nasal passages.
C) nasal septum.
D) pharynx.

Question 7

The opening to the larynx is called the

A) epiglottis.
B) glottis.
C) lateral ventricle.
D) vocal fold.

Question 8

The nasal septum separates

A) the left nasal passage from the right nasal passage.
B) the nasal passages from the mouth.
C) the nasal passages from the pharynx.
D) the upper nasal passage from the lower nasal passage.

Question 9

The boundaries of the glottis are formed by the

A) arytenoid cartilages and the vocal cords.
B) cricoid cartilage and arytenoid cartilages.
C) thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage.
D) vocal cords and thyroid cartilage.

Question 10

The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs across

A) four layers of simple cuboidal epithelium.
B) four layers of simple squamous epithelium.
C) two layers of simple cuboidal epithelium.
D) two layers of simple squamous epithelium.

Question 11

The ciliated epithelium that lines the trachea has a layer of __ on top of it to trap foreign debris.

A) mucigel.
B) mucor.
C) mucous.
D) mucus.

Question 12

Which thoracic structure would you find outside the mediastinum?

A) heart
B) lungs
C) lymph nodes
D) trachea

Question 13

Tracheal collapse is often seen

A) in large breeds of dogs.
B) in underweight animals.
C) with inspiratory dyspnea.
D) with overlapping tracheal rings.

Question 14

A nasal meatus is created by the

A) hard palate.
B) nasal septum.
C) soft palate.
D) turbinates.

Question 15

The tracheal rings are composed of

A) elastic cartilage.
B) hyaline cartilage.
C) skeletal muscle.
D) smooth muscle.

Question 16

Bronchodilation and bronchoconstriction are controlled by

A) the autonomic nervous system acting of skeletal muscle.
B) the autonomic nervous system acting on smooth muscle.
C) the somatic nervous system acting on skeletal muscle.
D) the somatic nervous system acting on smooth muscle.

Question 17

The space between each tracheal ring is composed of

A) elastic cartilage.
B) hyaline cartilage.
C) skeletal muscle.
D) smooth muscle.

Question 18

Phonation in an animal begins in the

A) larynx.
B) mouth.
C) pharynx.
D) trachea.

Question 19

The three main condition functions of the nasal passages are

A) humidifying, filtering, and mixing air.
B) humidifying, mixing, and warming air.
C) warming, humidifying, and filtering air.
D) warming, mixing, and filtering air.

Question 20

The trachea splits into two bronchi at the

A) Bichat.
B) bicornate division.
C) bifurcation.
D) binary fission.

Question 21

Blood entering the lungs from the heart is dark red because of

A) hemoconcentration.
B) intravascular hemolysis.
C) the high carbon dioxide content.
D) the high hemoglobin concentration.

Question 22

If an animal breathes in 500 milliliters with each resting breath and takes 15 breaths per minute, how many liters has the animal inspired and expired in 1 minute?

A) 3.3
B) 33
C) 7.5
D) 75

Question 23

In a relaxed state the diaphragm assumes a dome shape with

A) the concave surface facing in a dorsal direction.
B) the concave surface facing in a ventral direction.
C) the convex surface facing in a caudal direction.
D) the convex surface facing in a cranial direction.

Question 24

Low blood levels of oxygen can bring on

A) coughs.
B) hiccups.
C) sighs.
D) sneezes.

Question 25

The flow of oxygen from inspired air into an alveolar capillary is dependent on the

A) PO₂ in the alveoli being higher than the PCO₂ in the capillary.
B) PO₂ in the alveoli being higher than the PO₂ in the capillary.
C) PO₂ in the alveoli being lower than the PCO₂ in the capillary.
D) PO₂ in the alveoli being lower than the PO₂ in the capillary.

Question 26

If the CO₂ level in blood rises above a preset limit, how will the respiratory center adjust the breathing to compensate?

A) decrease rate and depth of respiration
B) decrease rate and increase depth of respiration
C) increase rate and decrease depth of respiration
D) increase rate and depth of respiration

Question 27

Antitussives are best used to treat a

A) cough, either productive or nonproductive.
B) nonproductive cough.
C) productive cough.
D) prolonged hiccups.

Question 28

The hilus is found

A) on the medial surface of each lobe.
B) on the medial surface of each lung.
C) on the ventral surface of each lobe.
D) on the ventral surface of each lung.

Question 29

The blood vessel that brings blood to the lungs from the heart is the

A) aorta.
B) pulmonary artery.
C) pulmonary vein.
D) vena cava.

Question 30

The unconscious act of breathing is controlled by the respiratory center in the

A) brainstem.
B) cerebellum.
C) cerebrum.
D) diencephalon.

Question 31

How are the lungs of a pig divided?

A) four left lobes, three right lobes
B) three left lobes, four right lobes
C) three left lobes, two right lobes
D) two left lobes, three right lobes

Question 32

When the external intercostal muscles contract, they rotate the ribs

A) downward and backward.
B) downward and forward.
C) upward and backward.
D) upward and forward.

Question 33

The main expiratory muscles are the

A) external intercostal muscles and the abdominal muscles.
B) external intercostal muscles and the diaphragm.
C) internal intercostal muscles and the abdominal muscles.
D) internal intercostal muscles and the diaphragm.