Deck 17: Immunity and Infection

Question 1

An infection that travels throughout the body is called

A)transmitted.
B)lymphatic.
C)localized.
D)systemic.

Answer 1

systemic.

Question 2

Swollen lymph nodes are an indication of

A)anemia.
B)poor diet.
C)hemophilia.
D)infection.

Answer 2

infection.

Question 3

Glands,or ______,are where macrophages congregate and filter out pathogens.

A)white blood cells
B)lymph nodes
C)antibodies
D)lymphocytes

Answer 3

lymph nodes

Question 4

Antibodies have complementary surface markers that work with ______ like a lock and key.

A)histamines
B)antigens
C)T cells
D)cytokines

Question 5

A marker on the surface of a foreign substance that triggers the immune response is called a(n)

A)antibody.
B)lymphocyte.
C)antigen.
D)enzyme.

Question 6

Tears,saliva,and vaginal secretions are rich in ______ and ______ that break down and destroy many microorganisms.

A)histamines;antigens
B)antibodies;enzymes
C)macrophages;killer T cells
D)lymphocytes;neutrophils

Question 7

Vessels and organs that pick up excess fluids,filter out disease-causing organisms and other waste products,and return cleansed fluid to general circulation belong to the ______ system.

A)digestive
B)antibody
C)lymphatic
D)neutrophil

Question 8

Microscopic,hairlike structures that sweep foreign substances out of the lungs are called

A)cilia.
B)phagocytic cells.
C)macrophages.
D)enzymes.

Question 9

White blood cells are produced in the

A)brain.
B)bone marrow.
C)heart.
D)gastrointestinal tract.

Question 10

The natural environment in which a pathogen lives is called a

A)reservoir.
B)portal of entry.
C)vector.
D)portal of exit.

Question 11

All of the following are types of white blood cells except

A)macrophages.
B)neutrophils.
C)lymphocytes.
D)antibodies.

Question 12

A type of white blood cell that engulfs foreign organisms is a(n)

A)antigen.
B)platelet.
C)vector.
D)neutrophil.

Question 13

Macrophages act as ______ of worn-out cells.

A)scavengers
B)healers
C)vectors
D)suppressors

Question 14

One of the best ways to break the chain of infection is to

A)wash your hands frequently.
B)avoid disinfectant agents when cleaning your house.
C)get boosters for immunizations 6 months early.
D)drink water only if it is fluoridated.

Question 15

The body's first line of defense against the invasion of organisms is

A)the skin.
B)chlorination.
C)white blood cells.
D)fever.

Question 16

T cells and B cells are the main types of

A)macrophages.
B)antigens.
C)glands.
D)lymphocytes.

Question 17

Obstacles to microorganisms entering the body include ______ membranes.

A)mucous
B)cilia
C)antibody
D)toxin

Question 18

Which of the following is not a vector of disease?

A)contaminated soil
B)rats
C)ticks
D)mosquitoes

Question 19

An organism that causes disease is a(n)

A)antigen.
B)toxin.
C)pathogen.
D)antibody.

Question 20

White blood cells that directly destroy virus-infected and cancerous cells are ______ cells.

A)helper T
B)suppressor T
C)natural killer
D)B

Question 21

The phase of the immune response in which suppressor T cells halt it and restore the body's natural balance is called

A)recognition of the invading pathogen.
B)amplification of defenses.
C)attack.
D)slowdown.

Question 22

Lymphocytes that can get rid of cells of the body that have been invaded by foreign organisms are called

A)killer T cells.
B)helper T cells.
C)suppressor T cells.
D)phagocytes.

Question 23

Lymphocytes that produce antibodies are called ______ cells.

A)helper T
B)B
C)killer T
D)suppressor T

Question 24

Chemicals responsible for the dilation and increased permeability of blood vessels in allergic reactions are called

A)histamines.
B)antigens.
C)antibodies.
D)lymphocytes.

Question 25

A preparation of killed or weakened pathogens injected or taken orally to stimulate the body to produce antibodies is called

A)gamma globulin.
B)a vaccine.
C)an antibody.
D)immunoglobulin.

Question 26

In the immune response,the phase in which killer T cells strike at foreign cells and at cells of the body that have been invaded and infected is called

A)recognition of the invading pathogen.
B)amplification of defenses.
C)cell-mediated immune response.
D)slowdown.

Question 27

Lymphocytes generated during an initial infection that circulate in the body for years and quickly destroy that infection if it ever appears again are called ______ cells.

A)killer T
B)helper T
C)suppressor T
D)memory T

Question 28

Lymphocytes that stimulate other lymphocytes to increase are called ______ cells.

A)suppressor T
B)B
C)memory
D)helper T

Question 29

Chemical messengers released by immune system cells that help regulate and coordinate the immune response are

A)cytokines.
B)antibodies.
C)antigens.
D)histamines.

Question 30

Neutrophils,macrophages,dendritic cells,and natural killer cells are part of the ______ response to invading pathogens.

A)natural
B)acquired
C)adaptive
D)cell-mediated

Question 31

Which of the following are examples of cytokines?

A)histamines and interleukins
B)interleukins and interferons
C)interferons and gamma globulin
D)gamma globulin and histamines

Question 32

A disease in which an individual's immune system attacks his or her own body's cells is called a(n)

A)autoimmune disease.
B)acquired immune response.
C)antibody deficiency disease.
D)natural immune disorder.

Question 33

During which type of immune system response does the body's defense system literally eat invading pathogens?

A)acquired immunity
B)imagined immunity
C)natural immunity
D)adaptive immunity

Question 34

The release of histamines does not cause ______ in the affected area.

A)redness
B)swelling
C)infection
D)heat

Question 35

Cell-mediated immune response

A)is a function of killer T cells.
B)is a function of B cells.
C)stimulates the production of antibodies.
D)uses antibodies to recruit macrophages to help clean up.

Question 36

T and B cells change after contact with the pathogen in a(n)______ immune response.

A)acquired
B)imagined
C)natural
D)innate

Question 37

Lynette has begun feeling feverish and has a sore throat.Which phase of the immune response is she experiencing?

A)incubation
B)prodromal
C)clinical
D)initial

Question 38

Immunization is based on the

A)body's ability to remember an encounter with a specific antigen.
B)body's ability to tell a harmful pathogen from a harmless one.
C)introduction of a pathogen into the body to stimulate antigens.
D)introduction of helper T cells into the body.

Question 39

The ability of memory lymphocytes to remember previous infections is known as

A)acquired immunity.
B)active immunity.
C)future immunity.
D)passive immunity.

Question 40

Which of the following statements regarding the antibody-mediated immune response is correct?

A)Antibodies work against bacteria and viruses inside body cells.
B)It is carried out by T cells.
C)Antibodies produce killer T cells.
D)Antibodies work against bacteria and viruses outside of body cells.

Question 41

Key components of a typical asthma attack include all of the following except

A)secretion of extra mucus.
B)inflammation of the airways.
C)spasm in the muscles surrounding the airways.
D)anaphylaxis.

Question 42

Meningitis is an infection of the

A)membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.
B)bone marrow and lymphatic tissue.
C)alveoli in the lungs.
D)lining of the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 43

Which of the following statements is not true regarding tuberculosis?

A)It usually affects the digestive tract.
B)It responds to a long course of antibiotic treatment.
C)Most infected people have latent infections.
D)It is typically transmitted via the respiratory route.

Question 44

A common bacterium found on the skin in healthy people but capable of causing infection if it enters the body is

A)streptococcus.
B)staphylococcus.
C)Escherichia coli.
D)a spirochete.

Question 45

Whooping cough is a respiratory illness cause by the bacterium

A)Escherichia coli.
B)staphylococcus.
C)Bordetella pertussis.
D)streptococcus.

Question 46

Lyme disease can cause all of the following except

A)fetal damage.
B)arthritis.
C)ulcers.
D)impaired coordination.

Question 47

Lyme disease is transmitted by a

A)mosquito.
B)deer tick.
C)black widow spider.
D)dog flea.

Question 48

Johnny has a red,sore throat with white patches on the tonsils,swollen lymph nodes,fever,and a headache.Which of the following bacteria caused Johnny's symptoms?

A)staphylococcus
B)streptococcus
C)mycobacterium
D)Escherichia coli

Question 49

For which of the following diseases would one receive a vaccine made from a pathogen that was killed in the laboratory?

A)measles
B)mumps
C)rubella
D)influenza

Question 50

Substances that provoke allergies are known as

A)parasites.
B)antigens.
C)bacteria.
D)allergens.

Question 51

Most ulcers are caused by

A)tickborne rickettsias.
B)Helicobacter pylori infection.
C)overconsumption of spicy food.
D)high levels of stress.

Question 52

When the body responds to a relatively harmless substance as a dangerous pathogen and mounts an immune response,this response is called

A)passive immunity.
B)active immunity.
C)pathogenesis.
D)an allergic reaction.

Question 53

Which of the following is not considered a common allergen?

A)pollen
B)viruses
C)molds
D)insect stings

Question 54

Streptococcus and staphylococcus are examples of

A)fungi.
B)bacteria.
C)viruses.
D)parasites.

Question 55

Pathogens that have been bred in the laboratory in a weakened form are known as ______ organisms.

A)immunized
B)antibody
C)attenuated
D)vaccinated

Question 56

Vaccines confer ______ immunity.

A)active
B)passive
C)innate
D)natural

Question 57

Tetanus is also known as

A)lockjaw.
B)heartburn.
C)gastritis.
D)meningitis.

Question 58

A serum that contains a variety of antibodies and is injected to provide temporary immunity is called

A)plasma.
B)gamma globulin.
C)an antiviral.
D)immunotherapy.

Question 59

A person who is exposed to a disease and is subsequently injected with antibodies produced by others has been given

A)active immunity.
B)passive immunity.
C)innate immunity.
D)natural immunity.

Question 60

Which of the following is not considered a pathogen?

A)prions
B)bacteria
C)protozoa
D)histamine

Question 61

Influenza usually causes all of the following symptoms except

A)fever.
B)severe fatigue.
C)respiratory problems.
D)gastrointestinal distress.

Question 62

The herpesvirus associated with infectious mononucleosis is

A)herpes simplex type I.
B)herpes simplex type II.
C)Epstein-Barr virus.
D)cytomegalovirus.

Question 63

The largest organisms that can enter the body to cause infection are

A)bacteria.
B)parasitic worms.
C)viruses.
D)protozoa.

Question 64

All of the following are childhood viral illnesses that have waned in the United States except

A)mumps.
B)measles.
C)influenza.
D)rubella.

Question 65

Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes associated with hepatitis is called

A)hemorrhage.
B)toxic shock.
C)jaundice.
D)impetigo.

Question 66

Generally,antibiotics are useful against

A)influenza.
B)colds.
C)bacteria.
D)viruses.

Question 67

Which virus can cause irreversible paralysis and death in some infected individuals?

A)herpes
B)poliomyelitis
C)hepatitis
D)influenza

Question 68

Mild fungal diseases that rarely give rise to major problems include all of the following except

A)athlete's foot.
B)jock itch.
C)histoplasmosis.
D)ringworm.

Question 69

Viral diseases are the most common form of ______ disease.

A)spontaneous
B)contagious
C)chronic
D)recurrent

Question 70

Hepatitis B is transmitted mainly by

A)casual contact.
B)contaminated food.
C)organ donation.
D)sexual contact.

Question 71

Viral encephalitis causes inflammation of the tissue in the

A)kidney.
B)brain.
C)liver.
D)heart.

Question 72

Single-celled organisms that often cause recurrent diseases are called

A)viruses.
B)parasites.
C)protozoa.
D)bacteria.

Question 73

Colds are almost always transmitted by

A)airborne respiratory droplets.
B)hand-to-hand contact.
C)coughing.
D)sharing food or drink.

Question 74

Which of the following statements regarding the common cold is true?

A)It may be caused by more than 200 different viruses.
B)It may be caused by exposure to cold weather.
C)Most colds occur during the spring and summer months.
D)It may be treated with antibiotics.

Question 75

Rabies is most often transmitted by

A)animal bites.
B)contaminated food.
C)blood transfusions.
D)hepatitis infection.

Question 76

Molds,mushrooms,and yeasts belong to which group?

A)protozoa
B)spirochetes
C)fungi
D)prions

Question 77

Influenza is highly contagious and spread via

A)coughing.
B)respiratory droplets.
C)ingesting food that has been infected.
D)hand-to-hand contact.

Question 78

Warts on the hands are caused by infection with a type of

A)virus.
B)bacterium.
C)prion.
D)fungus.

Question 79

The fungus that causes yeast infections is called

A)Histoplasma capsulatum.
B)Candida albicans.
C)Coccidioides immitis.
D)dermatophyte fungus.

Question 80

Protozoa are associated with all of the following illnesses except

A)giardiasis.
B)amoebic dysentery.
C)histoplasmosis.
D)malaria.