Deck 22: Adulthood: Psychosocial Development

Question 1

Introversion is a proposed sixth personality dimension that may be added to the Big Five.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

A way that adults can be generative is by caregiving.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The group of people who move through life with an individual, providing protection and encouragement, are his or her social convoy.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

A typical adult becomes a little less neurotic and open and a little more agreeable and conscientious with age.

Question 5

Abraham Maslow links chronological age to adult development in his hierarchy of needs.

Question 6

The "Big Five" refers to the five years following an adult's 40th birthday.

Question 7

According to a study of twins living in Denmark, twins are less apt to get married than single-born adults.

Question 8

Most people underestimate the difficulty of parenting.

Question 9

Since Donato and Gemma's children have moved away and started their own families, their home is now an "empty nest."

Question 10

Gay, lesbian, and heterosexual couples can all be supportive or destructive.

Question 11

For remarried fathers, bonds with their new stepchildren or with new babies may replace strained relationships with their children from prior marriages.

Question 12

Most adoptions today are "open adoptions"-that is, the adopted child is aware that the biological mother released him or her to the adoptive parents.

Question 13

According to Erik Erikson, the final stage of psychosocial development is identity versus role confusion.

Question 14

As adults age, their friendships tend to stagnate.

Question 15

Whether an individual ranks high or low in each of the Big Five personality traits depends solely on heredity.

Question 16

Adequate income is not correlated with marital satisfaction.

Question 17

"Fictive kin" are people accepted as part of a family without having biological or marital ties to that family.

Question 18

Most adults do not seek long-term romantic partners.

Question 19

Divorce often weakens or destroys family bonds beyond those of the spousal relationship.

Question 20

Personality traits are exhibited in the same way in all political, social, and cultural contexts.

Question 21

The intrinsic rewards of work often result in less absenteeism and job change.

Question 22

As adults grow older, job changes become less stressful.

Question 23

Susan's grandmother, at age 80, is engaged in the personal journey of connecting her life with the historical and cultural purpose of human society. The grandmother is in which of Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages?

A) identity versus role confusion
B) industry versus inferiority
C) generativity versus stagnation
D) integrity versus despair

Question 24

Most kinkeepers are middle-aged women.

Question 25

According to Erik Erikson, when individuals are productive in an unselfish and caring way, they are demonstrating _____.

A) autonomy
B) generativity
C) diffusion
D) altruism

Question 26

Although Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development are sequential, the search for identity that begins in the stage of identity versus role confusion _____.

A) is ongoing throughout adulthood
B) ends with the stage of intimacy versus isolation
C) ends with the stage of generativity versus stagnation
D) comes to fruition only after the stage of integrity versus despair

Question 27

Micro-aggressions may go unnoticed by those in the majority.

Question 28

_____ developed the theory of humanism.

A) Erik Erikson
B) Albert Bandura
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Abraham Maslow

Question 29

Today's workers change jobs more often than did workers of the past, because hiring and firing occur more often.

Question 30

How many stages of development does Abraham Maslow describe?

A) three
B) five
C) seven
D) nine

Question 31

Because Dorothea is caring for her teenage children and her elderly parents, she is a member of the "sandwich generation."

Question 32

Raises and bonuses at work do not seem to increase employee motivation.

Question 33

Which is one of Erik Erikson's stages of adulthood?

A) trust versus mistrust
B) initiative versus guilt
C) generativity versus stagnation
D) industry versus inferiority

Question 34

Extrinsic rewards of work include pride in a job well done and friendship at the workplace.

Question 35

According to Erik Erikson, the developmental crisis that occurs after intimacy versus isolation is _____.

A) initiative versus guilt
B) identity versus role confusion
C) generativity versus stagnation
D) integrity versus despair

Question 36

The psychoanalytic theorist who proposes four psychosocial stages of adulthood is _____.

A) Sigmund Freud
B) Erik Erikson
C) B. F. Skinner
D) Lev Vygotsky

Question 37

Weekend work, especially with mandatory overtime, is particularly difficult for father-child relationships.

Question 38

Common ways to be generative include caregiving, employment, and _____.

A) goal-setting exercises
B) financial security
C) parenthood
D) travel

Question 39

According to Erik Erikson, an adult's failure to achieve generativity results in _____.

A) intermittent feelings of loneliness
B) stagnation and personal impoverishment
C) childlessness and depression
D) difficulties in mate selection or friendship

Question 40

Although it may be painful if they are later separated, a loving bond is best for both foster parents and foster children.

Question 41

Samuel is moody, anxious, and self-punishing. Samuel is high in _____.

A) openness
B) extroversion
C) conscientiousness
D) neuroticism

Question 42

Statistically, who is likely to have the MOST stable personality?

A) a 5-year-old boy
B) a 14-year-old girl
C) a 23-year-old man
D) a 35-year-old woman

Question 43

A man who changes jobs frequently, moves often, and always seems happier because of such changes is likely to be high in _____.

A) conscientiousness
B) openness
C) neuroticism
D) extroversion

Question 44

Which of the following statements about Abraham Maslow's theory is TRUE?

A) He believes that everyone, universally, has the same needs.
B) His theory overemphasizes the flaws of human behavior.
C) His theory is primarily developed for Western adults.
D) He believes that children have different basic needs than adults.

Question 45

People in Abraham Maslow's third level on the hierarchy of needs seek _____.

A) self-actualization
B) safety
C) generativity
D) love and belonging

Question 46

Which statement about personality is accurate?

A) There is only empirical evidence that personality is innate.
B) Genes are the only influence on adult personality.
C) Adult personality can be influenced by context.
D) Geography does not influence adult personality.

Question 47

Ronald seems to thrive on changing jobs, is artistic, and likes to try new things. He would be rated high on the personality dimension called "_____."

A) extroversion
B) openness
C) neuroticism
D) sociability

Question 48

Chris is high in extroversion and therefore will probably _____.

A) be likely to get a divorce
B) have a life that is in constant flux
C) become a librarian or a safety inspector
D) get married

Question 49

A study of well-being and self-esteem in 28 nations has found that people are happiest if their personality traits _____.

A) evolve over time
B) change from one setting to the next
C) are identified early in life
D) match their social context

Question 50

Which is NOT one of the Big Five personality traits?

A) selflessness
B) openness
C) extraversion
D) agreeableness

Question 51

The concept of the Big Five reflects which type of theory?

A) trait
B) humanism
C) psychoanalytic
D) information processing

Question 52

Davetta is very organized and self-disciplined. She conforms easily to standards set for her performance at work. She is high on which of the Big Five traits?

A) agreeableness
B) openness
C) conscientiousness
D) extroversion

Question 53

Which of the following has not been associated with adult personality?

A) income
B) history
C) local norms
D) geography

Question 54

Those who know her describe Matilda as a kind, helpful, and easygoing person. She is high on which of the Big Five traits?

A) agreeableness
B) neuroticism
C) openness
D) conscientiousness

Question 55

With increasing age, the trait of neuroticism tends to _____.

A) transform into extroversion
B) increase
C) decrease
D) remain stable

Question 56

Mel is a retired stockbroker who enjoys tutoring children at the local YMCA after school. He is demonstrating the psychosocial stage of _____.

A) generativity versus stagnation
B) integrity versus despair
C) identity versus role confusion
D) industry versus inferiority

Question 57

Which personality trait tends to increase with age?

A) extroversion
B) openness
C) agreeableness
D) neuroticism

Question 58

The primary form that generativity takes is _____.

A) being guided by the younger generation
B) establishing and guiding the next generation
C) belonging to a religious organization
D) volunteering in the community

Question 59

Self-esteem rises from early adulthood until about age _____.

A) 35
B) 40
C) 45
D) 50

Question 60

A person who has many of the personality traits associated with extroversion would be described as _____.

A) depressed and anxious
B) active and outgoing
C) open and receptive
D) creative and intelligent

Question 61

Randy moved across the country to advance his career. Although he moved alone, he soon developed a group of coworkers and friends who became like a family to him. They served as his _____.

A) kinkeeper
B) extrinsic rewards
C) social convoy
D) clique

Question 62

All of Paulo and Geneva's children have moved out, have started families, and are working on their careers. According to the text, Paulo and Geneva's home is now a(n) "_____."

A) haven of quiet
B) empty nest
C) lonely cavern
D) house of mirrors

Question 63

Research suggests that about _____ of the time, divorce ends an abusive, destructive relationship.

A) one-eighth
B) one-third
C) two-thirds
D) three-quarters

Question 64

Research indicates that remarried people initially restore all the following EXCEPT _____.

A) intimacy
B) health
C) previous friendships
D) financial security

Question 65

A long-term partnership correlates with health and happiness throughout adulthood and late adulthood. For most people, then, _____ is the crucial aspect of love in a partnership.

A) intimacy
B) infatuation
C) commitment
D) passion

Question 66

Manuel and Rosa have been married for nearly 30 years. Their youngest child left home six months ago. If they are typical, the quality of their marriage should _____.

A) remain constant, no different than earlier years
B) worsen, because there are no children to act as buffers
C) be tumultuous, because they have grown apart over the years
D) improve, because they have more time to spend together

Question 67

After the children are grown, most married couples _____.

A) spend longer hours at work
B) dislike being "empty-nesters"
C) have adequate time for their relationship
D) see little of each other

Question 68

A study of 7,578 adults in seven nations has found that physical separation between parents and adult children _____.

A) weakens family ties
B) creates conflict between parents and their adult children
C) strengthens the relationships between parents and their adult children
D) causes parents to spend more time and resources to support their adult children

Question 69

About _____ percent of all U.S. marriages are remarriages for at least one partner.

A) 10
B) 20
C) 40
D) 60

Question 70

_____ are a crucial part of the social convoy.

A) Personality traits
B) Extended family
C) Friends
D) Younger adults and children

Question 71

The group of people who move through life with an individual while providing both protection and encouragement is called a "_____."

A) familial collection
B) social convoy
C) fictive kin
D) support network

Question 72

Of adults born before 1940, which percentage got married?

A) 10
B) 33
C) 50
D) 96

Question 73

Jordan and Will are a gay couple who recently married. They wonder what their relationship will be like in 5 to 10 years. If they are like most married couples, their happiness will _____.

A) decline sharply
B) hold steady
C) dip, with divorce likely
D) be even stronger than during the honeymoon period

Question 74

Current objective research data from a large, randomly selected sample of same-sex partners are _____.

A) not yet available
B) available for specific areas in the United States
C) inconclusive about trends
D) available for indicators dealing with income and career status only

Question 75

At least initially, remarriage brings which condition?

A) poorer health
B) financial insecurity
C) better health
D) the same level of happiness as in the first marriage

Question 76

As people age, their friendships tend to _____.

A) dissipate
B) fade
C) stagnate
D) improve

Question 77

Committed partners who maintain separate homes but function as a committed couple are said to be "_____."

A) living apart together
B) residing in an empty nest
C) avoiding marriage
D) consequential strangers

Question 78

A multinational study has found that the likelihood of separation of married and cohabitating couples is powerfully influenced by _____.

A) national norms
B) gender
C) age
D) sexual identity

Question 79

The number of adults living with their parents has reached a peak, similar to that of _____.

A) colonial times
B) the Great Depression
C) the stock market crash
D) the Industrial Revolution

Question 80

After children have grown and moved out of the family home, MOST couples find that _____.

A) their financial strains are overwhelming
B) their relationships improve
C) there are more fights over equity in domestic work
D) less time is spent in shared activities