Deck 16: Adolescence: Psychosocial Development

Question 1

Culture influences what kind of information adolescents share with their parents.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A person's gender identity always reflects biological characteristics.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Identity achievement involves a denial of past experiences and childhood identifications.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Parent-adolescent interventions can influence adolescents differently, depending on their DNA.

Question 5

Peers are more helpful than harmful.

Question 6

The rate of clinical depression is higher for adolescent boys than it is for adolescent girls.

Question 7

Contrary to adult fears, many adolescent romances do not include sexual intercourse.

Question 8

The four areas of identity formation identified by Erikson include religious, political, familial, and physical.

Question 9

Part-time employment during the adolescent years is associated with problems if the adolescent works too many hours.

Question 10

Links between adolescents and relatives are especially common among immigrant groups.

Question 11

Hermione accepts her parents' religious faith without question. She is happy and enjoys participating in religious events with them. Hermione's behavior shows identity moratorium.

Question 12

Moratorium is an identity status that is considered to be a more mature response to identity exploration than foreclosure.

Question 13

Abstinence-only sex education programs have little to no impact on reducing adolescent sexual activity.

Question 14

Gender identity refers primarily to a person's self-definition as a male, female, or transgender.

Question 15

In the twenty-first century, most adolescents affiliate strongly with one political party over another.

Question 16

Parental monitoring, even if restrictive and controlling, does not usually cause detrimental effects.

Question 17

Familism refers to parents' ongoing awareness of their children's activities and friendships.

Question 18

Four aspects of family closeness are communication, support, connectedness, and control.

Question 19

Sixteen-year-old Andrea quit school, lost her job as a waitress, and spends most of her time online in chat rooms. When her parents voiced their disapproval, she replied, "Leave me alone!" Andrea's behavior shows role confusion.

Question 20

According to Erikson, the ultimate goal of the identity crisis is identity achievement.

Question 21

The regions of the brain that are connected to pleasure are more strongly affected by alcohol during adolescence than at later ages.

Question 22

Most adolescence-limited offenders become career criminals.

Question 23

Following Erikson's lead, _____ distinguished four specific ways young people cope with the identity crisis.

A) Baumrind
B) Freud
C) Marcia
D) Skinner

Question 24

Adults are more likely to commit suicide than are adolescents.

Question 25

Mary is an adolescent. According to Erikson, her new identity will be established by choosing _____.

A) an appropriate adult "hero figure"
B) values and goals opposite to the destructive identities of media stars
C) to embrace some parental and societal values while abandoning others
D) one sexual role and sticking with it, regardless of the consequences

Question 26

The process of rumination helps adolescents recover more quickly from the effects of difficult experiences.

Question 27

The completed suicide rate is higher for males than for females.

Question 28

Some adolescents engage in some law-breaking behaviors during adolescence.

Question 29

According to Erikson, the goal of adolescence is to _____.

A) abandon parental goals
B) find one's own identity
C) attain independence from one's peer group
D) form an intimate relationship with a member of the opposite sex

Question 30

Alcohol is widely enjoyed in North America and is only infrequently abused.

Question 31

Advertisements and curricula that rely on scare tactics can actually increase drug use by making it seem exciting.

Question 32

According to Erikson, adolescents are in the stage of _____.

A) identity versus role confusion
B) intimacy versus isolation
C) independence versus neediness
D) integration versus separation

Question 33

Psychosocial development during adolescence involves the search for a(n) _____.

A) romantic partner
B) career
C) set of behaviors to please others
D) understanding of oneself

Question 34

Several suicides that occur within a group over a brief span of time are called "crowd suicides."

Question 35

Most adolescents try psychoactive drugs.

Question 36

Psychosocial development during adolescence is often seen as a quest to answer the question _____.

A) "What am I going to do with my life?"
B) "Will I ever find someone to love?"
C) "Who am I?"
D) "Why don't my parents understand me?"

Question 37

Experts prefer the term failed suicide attempt instead of parasuicide.

Question 38

The rate of clinical depression in girls triples during the adolescent years.

Question 39

Genetic vulnerability is a contributing cause of depression during adolescence.

Question 40

According to Erikson, the ultimate adolescent psychosocial goal is identity _____.

A) diffusion
B) achievement
C) foreclosure
D) moratorium

Question 41

Identity diffusion refers to the identity status in which adolescents _____.

A) pause during their identity formation to explore alternatives
B) form their identity prematurely
C) do not commit to goals and fail to take on any role
D) understand who they are as connected to everything they have learned

Question 42

When a person adopts parents' or society's roles and values without questioning and exploring a personal identity, it is referred to as "identity _____."

A) moratorium
B) foreclosure
C) diffusion
D) achievement

Question 43

Harold readily adopted his parents' political beliefs without question. Happy and secure, he enjoys participating in political events with his parents. His identity status reflects _____.

A) diffusion
B) achievement
C) foreclosure
D) moratorium

Question 44

The identity status characterized by a lack of commitment to any goals or values is _____.

A) achievement
B) foreclosure
C) diffusion
D) moratorium

Question 45

_____ is an example of "identity foreclosure."

A) Dropping out of high school
B) Choosing a different career path than what parents wanted
C) Eagerness to vote in a national election
D) Working in the family business because it is expected

Question 46

The term for a pause in identity formation, when alternatives are explored before final choices are made, is _____.

A) identity diffusion
B) role confusion
C) negative identity
D) moratorium

Question 47

Related to political identity is _____.

A) foreclosure
B) vocational identity
C) diffusion
D) ethnic identity

Question 48

During an identity moratorium, adolescents typically _____.

A) ignore their future roles and responsibilities
B) take on temporary roles and postpone identity-achievement decisions
C) change their identities from that of their youth
D) adopt their parents' views after having tested them on their own

Question 49

According to researchers, which individual will probably be the most liberal?

A) Carson, who just turned 10
B) Liliana, who just turned 19
C) Noel, the mother of a teenager
D) Barrette, the father of a teenager

Question 50

Which adolescent appears to be experiencing identity diffusion?

A) Jeannine, who runs away from a pressured home environment and joins a commune
B) Fred, who is pressured by his parents to become a doctor
C) Barbara, a college student who frequently changes majors
D) Zachary, who spends most of his time watching TV, drinking, and avoiding responsibility

Question 51

Compared to adults, adolescents may express their _____ identities more devoutly.

A) sexual
B) achievement
C) religious
D) vocational

Question 52

Identity diffusion is typically characterized by _____.

A) no focus on or concern about the future
B) foreclosure
C) following one's heart
D) commitment to a cause

Question 53

Research indicates that adolescents who work 20 hours a week or more _____.

A) save more money for college
B) are more likely to love their work in adulthood
C) create stronger vocational identities early on
D) tend to hate their jobs and achieve less in school

Question 54

Without any thoughtful consideration, Sean took on an identity that is the opposite of what his parents want for him. Sean has adopted a(n) _____.

A) negative identity
B) positive identity
C) non-identity
D) over identity

Question 55

Of the various identity statuses, _____ is comfortable.

A) diffusion
B) moratorium
C) foreclosure
D) achievement

Question 56

According to Erikson, _____ identity is an arena of identity formation.

A) physical
B) political
C) familial
D) economic

Question 57

Early _____ identity is no longer appropriate, as it was a century ago.

A) gender
B) political
C) vocational
D) sexual

Question 58

Barrett is serving a two-year mission for his church at the age of 19. When he returns home from his mission assignment, he will decide whether to attend college and will make decisions about career and family. Barrett's current status is identity _____.

A) foreclosure
B) moratorium
C) diffusion
D) achievement

Question 59

_____ adolescents totally reject the religions in which they've grown up.

A) Few
B) About half of all
C) About three-fourths of all
D) Almost all

Question 60

Seventeen-year-old Andrew failed several classes, lost his job, and spends most of his time sleeping on the couch. When his parents voice their disapproval, he replies, "Whatever." Andrew's response indicates _____.

A) role confusion
B) identity achievement
C) identity foreclosure
D) moratorium

Question 61

Parents' awareness of where their adolescents are, what they are doing, and with whom they are doing it is referred to as "_____."

A) parental monitoring
B) generational stake
C) psychological control
D) connectedness

Question 62

People's acceptance of the roles and behaviors that they define as male or female is referred to as their "_____ identity."

A) gender
B) ethnic
C) heterosexual
D) foreclosed

Question 63

The urge to conform to one's peers in behavior, dress, and attitude is referred to as "_____."

A) conformation
B) adolescent burden
C) generation gap
D) peer pressure

Question 64

Some parent-child bickering during the adolescent years may indicate _____.

A) a disturbed parent-child relationship
B) poor parenting skills
C) teenage depression
D) a healthy family

Question 65

Parental monitoring is most likely to be effective and healthy when it is _____.

A) rigid and controlling
B) part of a warm, supportive relationship
C) relaxed and permissive
D) part of authoritarian parenting

Question 66

Which statement is an example of a gender role?

A) A man should be the primary wage earner.
B) A baby is born with reproductive organs for both sexes.
C) A biological male decides to undergo an operation to become a woman.
D) A woman decides to try dating men and women.

Question 67

In typical relationships, one would expect the MOST bickering between _____.

A) grandparents and teens
B) adolescents and older siblings
C) mothers and daughters
D) fathers and sons

Question 68

An intervention study designed to improve family communication and cohesion between parents and their sons revealed that the sons' DNA was important to the outcome. Which of the following was a finding from the study?

A) The intervention had an impact on boys with a long allele of the 5-HTTLPR gene.
B) The intervention had an impact on boys with a short allele of the 5-HTTLPR gene.
C) The control experience had an impact on boys with a long allele of the 5-HTTLPR gene.
D) The control experience had an impact on boys with a short allele of the 5-HTTLPR gene.

Question 69

Abbie is aware of where her son is whenever he goes out, and she requires him to call if there is any change in plans. This is an example of _____.

A) generational stake
B) foreclosure for her son
C) parental monitoring
D) negative control

Question 70

Enrique believes that males should always be the ones to ask females out on dates. He thinks that if a man accepts an invitation for a date from a girl, it makes him a wimp. This is an example of Enrique's _____.

A) sex
B) gender identity
C) sexual orientation
D) gender

Question 71

Bickering between parents and adolescents is most likely to _____.

A) to be about religious beliefs
B) signal pathology in the family
C) concern personal habits and dress
D) increase steadily between the ages of 13 and 19

Question 72

In the United States, parent-child conflict is most common during _____.

A) late childhood
B) early adolescence
C) late adolescence
D) emerging adulthood

Question 73

Sandra is in her bedroom with her mother. Sandra's mother exclaims, "You need to get these clothes off the floor right now!" Sandra replies, "It's my room, and I will leave things where I want." Sandra's mother responds, "I am your mother, and you will do what I say." This is an example of _____.

A) bickering
B) open communication
C) parental monitoring
D) family bonds

Question 74

Eva is about to become an adolescent mother. Based on recent research, she and her child will better handle the situation if her parents _____.

A) assume care for Eva and her child
B) adopt Eva's child and raise the child as their own
C) encourage Eva to move out of the house to raise her baby alone
D) are supportive but do not assume complete care for her child

Question 75

Healthy communication and support from parents make _____ peer relationships more likely.

A) constructive
B) destructive
C) other-sex
D) romantic

Question 76

The DSM-IV labeled individuals who had a strong and persistent cross-gender identification as having "gender identity disorder." The DSM-5 instead describes people who are distressed at their biological genders as having "_____."

A) gender atypicality
B) sexual fetishism
C) sexual atypicality
D) gender dysphoria

Question 77

_____ refers to the belief that family members should support one another, sacrificing individual freedom and success to care for one another.

A) Familism
B) Authoritarianism
C) Extended-family cohesion
D) Ethnic connectedness

Question 78

Two aspects of family closeness during adolescence include _____.

A) communication and autonomy
B) support and connectedness
C) connectedness and authority
D) openness and control

Question 79

Gender refers to _____.

A) the cultural or social attributes of being male or female
B) the biological characteristics of being male or female
C) the categories that boys and girls are sorted into at birth
D) one's sexual orientation

Question 80

A father says to his son, "I want you home by 10:00 P.M." This best represents which aspect of family closeness?

A) control
B) support
C) communication
D) connectedness