Deck 14: Adolescence: Biosocial Development

Question 1

Family stress decreases hormone production during puberty.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The frontal lobes (prefrontal cortex) are the last part of the brain to develop.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Deepening of the voice is among the last signs of pubertal changes in males.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The prefrontal cortex is where planning ahead and emotional regulation occur.

Question 5

The changes of puberty are initiated by a part of the brain called the hypothalamus.

Question 6

Studies suggest that genes influence the timing of puberty.

Question 7

It appears that the timing of menarche is related to the accumulation of a certain amount of body fat, which is why heavy girls generally menstruate earlier than other girls do.

Question 8

Pubertal changes begin between the ages 8 and 14.

Question 9

Late-maturing girls tend to have a worse body image than their early-maturing peers do.

Question 10

The average age of menarche for girls of normal weight is 15 years, 6 months.

Question 11

Menarche does not usually occur until a girl weighs 100 pounds.

Question 12

Both boys and girls produce androgens and estrogens.

Question 13

Abnormalities in the HPA axis have been associated with many different types of psychopathology.

Question 14

The hormones that regulate puberty follow the sequence known as the HPA axis.

Question 15

Many adolescents enjoy intense sensory experiences due to the difference in maturation rate between the limbic system and the prefrontal cortex.

Question 16

Precocious puberty is sexual development before the age of 6.

Question 17

Hormonal increases directly lead to interest in sex.

Question 18

The major events of growth and sexual maturation associated with puberty typically are completed a year or two after puberty begins.

Question 19

In adolescence, growth proceeds in a proximodistal pattern.

Question 20

Emotional control is fully developed by adolescence.

Question 21

Most teens are fairly satisfied with their physical appearance.

Question 22

During their growth spurt, females gain more fat than males do.

Question 23

During the past several decades, the so-called "double standard"-that boys are expected to be sexually active while girls are not-has narrowed in every ethnic group.

Question 24

Anita is within the normal range for weight, but she uses laxatives in order to control her severe overconsumption of calories. Anita suffers from anorexia.

Question 25

According to research, women who were abused have temporary but not lifelong alteration of their cortisol responses.

Question 26

Some of the problems associated with teenage pregnancy, including malnourishment and postponed prenatal care, depend mostly on the SES of the expectant mother.

Question 27

For girls, menarche is _____.

A) the beginning of growth of the uterus
B) the first ovulation of a mature egg
C) a girl's first menstrual period
D) the first year of menstruation

Question 28

During adolescence, the heart doubles in size, the pulse rate decreases, and blood pressure increases.

Question 29

For both girls and boys, puberty typically begins as young as _____ years of age or as late as _____ years of age.

A) 5; 18
B) 7; 16
C) 8; 14
D) 10; 13

Question 30

For girls, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is _____.

A) menarche, the growth spurt, and the beginning of breast development
B) the beginning of breast development, the growth spurt, and menarche
C) the growth spurt, menarche, and the beginning of breast development
D) the growth spurt, the beginning of breast development, and menarche

Question 31

Secondary sex characteristics signify masculinity and femininity.

Question 32

Most American high-school students eat the recommended amount of vegetables daily.

Question 33

Secondary sex characteristics involve reproductive organs such as the uterus and testes.

Question 34

In the United States, STIs are overrepresented among 15- to 25-year-olds, even though this age group is underrepresented among all the sexually active adults.

Question 35

In many cases, perpetrators of child sexual abuse are someone the victim knows well.

Question 36

A person with anorexia nervosa has a BMI of 18 or lower.

Question 37

Primary sex characteristics include pubic hair and nipple changes.

Question 38

The period when children's bodies become adult in terms of size, shape, and sexuality is called "_____."

A) puberty
B) youth
C) the growth spurt
D) secondary sex development

Question 39

Boys may experience some breast swelling during puberty.

Question 40

One reason for nutritional deficiencies during adolescence is preoccupation with body image.

Question 41

What article of clothing is Xavier most likely to outgrow first when he experiences the adolescent growth spurt?

A) shirt
B) pants
C) belt
D) shoes

Question 42

The first hormones to begin the process of puberty are triggered in the child's _____.

A) gonads
B) penis or uterus
C) adrenal glands
D) hypothalamus

Question 43

Which gland(s) receive(s) signals directly from the hypothalamus?

A) adrenals
B) testes
C) pituitary
D) gonads

Question 44

Body chemicals that regulate sleep, moods, hunger, and stress are called "_____."

A) the HPA axis
B) the brain stem
C) hormones
D) adrenal glands

Question 45

Nancy, age 12, has just experienced a sudden growth spurt. According to the usual sequence of puberty, soon she will notice _____.

A) initial pubic hair growth
B) breast development
C) her hips growing wider
D) an increase in her shoe size

Question 46

For boys, the first ejaculation of seminal fluid is _____.

A) penis growth
B) spermarche
C) first intercourse
D) pubic hair

Question 47

During a boy's puberty, the growth spurt sequence typically occurs in this order.

A) weight, height, muscles
B) weight, muscles, height
C) height, weight, muscles
D) muscles, height, weight

Question 48

The sequence of puberty hormone production that originates in the brain and ends with glands located atop the kidneys is known by the acronym _____.

A) HAG pathway
B) HAP pathway
C) HPG axis
D) HPA axis

Question 49

For boys, the first ejaculation generally occurs _____.

A) when facial hair first appears
B) after the peak growth spurt
C) following growth of the penis
D) when the final pubic hair pattern is established

Question 50

The correct sequence of puberty hormone production that starts in the brain and ends with glands located atop the kidneys is the _____.

A) hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal axis
B) pituitary, adrenal, hypothalamus axis
C) adrenal, hypothalamus, pituitary axis
D) pituitary, hypothalamus, adrenal axis

Question 51

The organ that produces the hormones that stimulate the adrenal glands is the _____.

A) pituitary
B) gonad
C) hypothalamus
D) thyroid

Question 52

During the adolescent growth spurt, what is/are the last part(s) of the body to grow?

A) limbs
B) torso
C) ears
D) feet

Question 53

For boys, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is _____.

A) growth of the testes; initial pubic hair growth; growth of the penis; spermarche
B) growth of the testes; growth of the penis; initial pubic hair growth; spermarche
C) spermarche; growth of the testes; growth of the penis; initial pubic hair growth
D) initial pubic hair growth; growth of the testes; spermarche; growth of the penis

Question 54

The first outward sign of puberty in a typical girl is _____.

A) an increase in weight
B) the development of muscular strength
C) a spurt in height
D) the onset of nipple growth

Question 55

At adolescence, the pituitary activates the _____, which are the ovaries in females and testicles in males.

A) gonads
B) pituitary glands
C) adrenal glands
D) circadian rhythm

Question 56

The biological events that begin puberty involve a hormonal signal from the _____.

A) cerebellum
B) hypothalamus
C) hippocampus
D) ovaries or testes

Question 57

Janet and Carlos are both experiencing a growth spurt. If they are typical adolescents, Janet will have _____ than Carlos.

A) a lower proportion of body fat
B) a higher proportion of body fat
C) more upper body muscle
D) narrower hips

Question 58

One of the first signs of the growth spurt is _____.

A) lengthening of the torso
B) increased muscle mass
C) growth of arms and legs
D) growth of fingers and toes

Question 59

Bill, age 11, noticed that he has some pubic hair. According to the usual sequence of puberty, his next pubertal event will probably be _____.

A) beard development
B) penis growth
C) spermarche
D) voice change

Question 60

What substance(s) cause(s) the ovaries and testes to greatly increase their production of estradiol and testosterone?

A) human growth hormones
B) follicle-stimulating hormones
C) gonadotropin-releasing hormone
D) cortisol

Question 61

During adolescence, the _____ matures before the _____ in the brain.

A) prefrontal cortex; limbic system
B) limbic system; prefrontal cortex
C) prefrontal cortex; amygdala
D) cerebellum; amygdala

Question 62

Since he entered puberty, Barry has been staying awake late at night, is often snacking at midnight, and has almost no energy in the morning. Barry's behavior

A) means that he needs professional help
B) means that he is trying to avoid them
C) is due to changes in his brain
D) is due to hormonal shifts

Question 63

Henry is an adolescent who experiences sleep deprivation, which makes him more likely to experience all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A) insomnia
B) epilepsy
C) mood disorders
D) nightmares

Question 64

The average age of the onset of puberty has changed over time. Which of the following individuals is most likely to have started puberty at the latest age?

A) Louis, born in 1910
B) Allen, born in 1950
C) Rita, born in 1975
D) Ted, born in 1990

Question 65

_____ are the sex hormones secreted in greater amounts by males than females.

A) Progesterones
B) Androgens
C) Estrogens
D) Adrenalines

Question 66

Over the last two centuries, children have reached their adult height earlier and are taller than their ancestors. What is the official name of this phenomenon?

A) secular trend
B) evolution
C) genetic predisposition
D) generational trend

Question 67

While visiting an exhibit on seventeenth-century life, Hannah noticed that the adult clothing and shoes seemed to be quite small. The curator explained that current generations are taller than past generations due to _____.

A) secular trend
B) obesity
C) genetic predisposition
D) more exercise

Question 68

About _____ of the variation in age of puberty is determined by genes.

A) one-half
B) two-thirds
C) one-fourth
D) three-fourths

Question 69

Peak fertility occurs ____ to ____ years after activated gonads produce mature ova and sperm.

A) 2; 4
B) 4; 6
C) 6; 8
D) 8;10

Question 70

Which of the following individuals is most likely going to take dramatic risks in order to gain peer approval?

A) 5-year-old Evan
B) 10-year-old Alvin
C) 15-year-old Kevin
D) 20-year-old Bruce

Question 71

Statistically, which adolescent is MOST apt to experience menarche first?

A) Michelle, who is European American
B) Cecilia, who is Hispanic American
C) Rebecca, who is African American
D) Maria, who is Chinese American

Question 72

Which statement about the correlation between body fat and onset of puberty among females is correct?

A) There is no correlation between body fat and the onset of puberty among females.
B) There is a positive correlation between body fat and onset of puberty among females.
C) There is a negative correlation between body fat and the onset of puberty among females.
D) There is a correlation between body fat and the onset of puberty only among female adolescents who are Native American.

Question 73

Later high school start times have been associated with all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A) less adolescent depression
B) higher grades
C) less student absenteeism
D) decreased college attendance

Question 74

Many adolescents think carefully and answer correctly when responding to paper-and-pencil questions about hypothetical risk-taking situations, yet in the real world they engage in risky behavior. This is due in part to their _____.

A) genes
B) peers
C) formal operational thinking
D) intuitive thinking

Question 75

Per mile driven, teenager drivers are ____ times more likely to die in a motor-vehicle crash than drivers over age 20.

A) 3
B) 7
C) 10
D) 15

Question 76

Adolescents are more likely than adults to choose to stay up all night, go through a day without eating, exercise in pain, or text while driving because of an immature _____.

A) limbic system
B) prefrontal cortex
C) amygdala
D) pituitary gland

Question 77

Xavier, 16, invites a group of his high school friends to swim in a neighbor's pool late at night while that neighbor is away. They climb the fence and jump in, playing wildly and loudly in the water. A few minutes later, the police arrive. How does adolescent brain development help explain Xavier's poor decision-making?

A) His limbic system is underdeveloped.
B) His prefrontal cortex is underdeveloped.
C) His amygdala is underdeveloped.
D) The regions regulating his emotions are underdeveloped.

Question 78

_____ rise at puberty, and that makes adolescents quicker to become angry or upset.

A) Cortisol levels
B) Psychotic episodes
C) Externalizing disorders
D) Identity conflicts

Question 79

Statistically, which student is MOST likely to fall asleep during class?

A) Ariel, age 5
B) Wilhelm, age 8
C) Allen, age 11
D) Rose, age 14

Question 80

The day-night cycle that occurs approximately every 24 hours is the _____.

A) biorhythm
B) night-day cycle
C) sleep cycle
D) circadian rhythm