Deck 12: Individual Behavior: Theres Beauty in Individual Differences

Question 1

The process of creating explanations for events is called __________.

A) attribution
B) self-awareness
C) self-serving bias
D) projection

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The profile of characteristics making a person unique from others is called __________.

A) emotional stability
B) personality
C) locus of control
D) extroversion

Answer 2

B

Question 3

__________ is the degree to which someone uses power manipulatively.

A) Authoritarianism
B) Controlism
C) Machiavellianism
D) Locus of control

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The tendency to overestimate internal factors and underestimate external factors as influences on someone's behavior is called __________.

A) projection
B) selective projection
C) fundamental attribution error
D) impression management

Question 5

__________ tries to create desired perceptions in the eyes of others.

A) Self-serving bias
B) Selective perception
C) Impression management
D) Projection

Question 6

A(n) __________ person is dependable, organized, and focused on getting things done.

A) extraverted
B) agreeable
C) conscientious
D) emotionally stable

Question 7

The perceptual distortion caused by assigning personal attributes to other individuals is known as __________.

A) projection
B) stereotyping
C) halo effect
D) selective perception

Question 8

The process through which people receive and interpret information from the environment is called __________.

A) projection
B) constructive stress
C) perception
D) reception

Question 9

Consider the following example of how managers may misconstrue work behavior. If they see men in a discussion, they might think they are discussing a new deal; if it's a group of women, they might perceive them as gossiping. This is an example of __________.

A) stereotyping
B) the halo effect
C) selective perception
D) projection

Question 10

The perceptual distortion caused by the tendency to define problems from one's own point of view is known as __________.

A) projection
B) stereotyping
C) halo effect
D) selective perception

Question 11

The perceptual distortion caused by assigning attributes commonly associated with a group to an individual is known as __________.*

A) projection
B) stereotyping
C) halo effect
D) selective perception

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a Big Five personality trait?

A) Agreeableness
B) Emotional stability
C) Intelligence
D) Extraversion

Question 13

The perceptual distortion caused by the use of a single characteristic or exposure to draw overall conclusions about an individual is known as __________.*

A) projection
B) stereotyping
C) halo effect
D) selective perception

Question 14

When Juanita, the president of Baby Stuff LLC, addressed not only new employees at the monthly orientation meeting but also their husbands and wives, she was practicing __________.*

A) speaking
B) projection management
C) self-serving bias
D) impression management

Question 15

A person who believes that, for the most part, he or she is not responsible for what happens has a(n)__________ locus of control.

A) internal
B) external
C) self-monitoring
D) standard

Question 16

A person who believes that, for the most part, he or she is responsible for what happens has a(n) __________ locus of control.

A) internal
B) external
C) self-monitoring
D) standard

Question 17

__________ underestimates internal factors and overestimates external factors as influences on someone's behavior.*

A) Projection
B) Self-serving bias
C) Fundamental attribution error
D) Selective perception

Question 18

Alex is having difficulty at work and he believes that the problem is with his work environment even though all others are doing well. Alex, most likely, has a(n) __________ locus of control.

A) internal
B) external
C) self-monitoring
D) standard

Question 19

The degree to which a person defers to authority and accepts status differences is called __________.*

A) machiavellianism
B) authoritarianism
C) locus of control
D) personality

Question 20

The extent to which one believes that what happens is within their control is called __________.*

A) self confidence
B) emotional stability
C) extroversion
D) locus of control

Question 21

Job burnout and workplace rage can be the result of long term __________.

A) Type A personality
B) constructive stress
C) personal wellness
D) destructive stress

Question 22

__________ is a positive influence on effort, creativity, and diligence in work.

A) Job burnout
B) Constructive stress
C) Self bias
D) Destructive stress

Question 23

__________ is a state of tension experienced by individuals facing extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities.

A) Fear
B) Stress
C) Self satisfaction
D) Joy

Question 24

A(n) __________ personality is oriented toward extreme achievement, impatience, and perfectionism.

A) self-monitoring
B) agreeable
C) Type A
D) Type B

Question 25

The degree to which someone is able to adjust his or her behavior in response to external factors is called __________.

A) self-awareness
B) selfishness
C) locus of control
D) self-monitoring

Question 26

Sally tends to procrastinate early in a project's development, but she always comes through when the pressure is on. For Sally, the pressure is a form of __________.

A) Type A personality
B) constructive stress
C) personal wellness
D) destructive stress

Question 27

The __________ component of attitude reflects beliefs and values.*

A) dissonance
B) cognitive
C) affective
D) behavior

Question 28

__________ is aggressive behavior toward co-workers or the work setting.

A) Job burnout
B) Workplace rage
C) Self bias
D) Destructive stress

Question 29

Among high-Machs, all of the following would be expected EXCEPT:

A) emotional detachment.
B) manipulation.
C) exploitation of others.
D) concern for the means (how it is done) over the end (the goal).

Question 30

__________ is a physical and mental exhaustion from work stress.*

A) Job burnout
B) Constructive stress
C) Self bias
D) Destructive attribute

Question 31

The discomfort that a person feels when attitude and behavior are inconsistent is called __________.*

A) attitude
B) self serving bias
C) cognitive dissonance
D) selective perception

Question 32

The __________ component of attitude reflects an intention to behave consistently with the belief and feeling.

A) dissonance
B) cognitive
C) affective
D) behavior

Question 33

All of the following would be characteristic of true high self-monitors EXCEPT:

A) a willingness and ability to change.
B) a desire to learn.
C) comfort with feedback.
D) predictability.

Question 34

A predisposition to act in a certain way is called __________.

A) bias
B) cognitive dissonance
C) attitude
D) manipulation

Question 35

Strategies to reduce the negative effects of workplace stress include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) identifying and minimizing stressors.
B) changing the temporary work schedule.
C) reducing performance expectations.
D) shortening deadlines.

Question 36

Stress at work may cause:

A) lower performance.
B) reduced job satisfaction.
C) personal problems.
D) all of the above.

Question 37

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, a type ESTJ person would most likely be:

A) analytical, strategic, forceful, and quick to take charge.
B) practical, decisive, logical, and quick to dig in.
C) insightful, free thinking, and determined.
D) conscientious, considerate, and helpful

Question 38

The __________ component of attitude reflects a specific feeling.

A) dissonance
B) cognitive
C) affective
D) behavior

Question 39

Mary has had four exams this week. In addition, she has been working overtime at her manager's request. She thinks she did poorly on the last exam and is afraid she will fail in this one. This is an example of __________.*

A) multiple personalities
B) Type A personality
C) destructive stress
D) personal wellness

Question 40

The degree to which a person feels positive about a work experience is called __________.*

A) cognitive dissonance
B) wellness
C) attitude
D) job satisfaction

Question 41

The spillover of one's positive or negative moods onto others is called mood __________.*

A) perception
B) projection
C) emotions
D) contagion

Question 42

Type A personalities tend to bring stress on themselves.

Question 43

The pooling of ideas and perceptions of many people may make it harder for selective perception to create problems.

Question 44

Employee __________ is a strong sense of belonging and connection with one's work and employer.*

A) citizenship
B) satisfaction
C) engagement
D) merit

Question 45

Generalized positive and negative feelings or states of mind are called __________.

A) moods
B) agreeableness
C) conscientiousness
D) emotional stability

Question 46

According to research, unfortunately, a person open to experience is narrow-minded and resists change.

Question 47

Type A personalities would likely make good leaders.

Question 48

A person with a high external locus of control is likely to blame others when things go wrong.

Question 49

The ability to understand emotions and manage relationships is called __________.*

A) Type A behavior
B) emotional intelligence
C) emotional stability
D) self reliance

Question 50

The ability to use power to manipulate others is an indication that the individual is a high-Mach.

Question 51

It is possible for two people to witness the same event, and for them to have different perceptions as to its cause(s) and consequences.

Question 52

The Big Five personality traits can actually be used to better select new employees from a pool of candidates.

Question 53

Assigning attributes commonly associated with a group to an individual is called the halo effect.

Question 54

Organizational __________ behaviors are the extras people do to go the additional mile in their work.

A) planned
B) directed
C) resource
D) citizenship

Question 55

The reason(s) that managers should be concerned about job satisfaction include(s):

A) the decrease in turnover.
B) the increase in the bottom line.
C) the decrease in absenteeism rates.
D) all of the above.

Question 56

High self-monitors are able to adjust behavior in response to external factors.

Question 57

By which of the following does research indicate that job satisfaction is impacted?

A) The job itself
B) The quality of supervision
C) Work conditions
D) All of the above

Question 58

__________ are strong feelings directed toward someone or something.*

A) Perceptions
B) Projections
C) Emotions
D) All of the above

Question 59

All stress is a detrimental consequence of the workplace, one that should be eliminated.

Question 60

Authoritarianism is the same as Machiavellianism.

Question 61

__________ behaviors include absenteeism and turnover.

Question 62

__________ involves behaviors that go beyond the assigned job duties to benefit the organization as a whole.

Question 63

Fortunately, attitudes always predict behavior.

Question 64

__________ describes the combination or overall profile of characteristics that makes each of us unique.

Question 65

A person who is __________ is trusting, courteous, and helpful, getting along well with others.

Question 66

A person with a Type A personality may try to do several things at once, feel guilty when relaxing, and use nervous gestures such as clenched fists.

Question 67

Define locus of control in terms of its two components.

Question 68

Employer sponsored efforts to encourage exercise, better nutrition, and the end of destructive habits related to smoking or alcohol are known as __________.

Question 69

__________ refers to the desire to succeed and reach for high goals.

Question 70

__________ is the pursuit of a personal health promotion program.

Question 71

Job burnout is aggressive behavior toward co-workers or the work setting.

Question 72

Emotional intelligence is a measure of an individual's IQ.

Question 73

The tendency to overestimate the influence of internal causes and underestimate the influence of external causes of behavior is known as the __________.

Question 74

The best way to understand the satisfaction and performance relationship is with satisfaction as a cause of high performance.

Question 75

A person who is __________ is secure, calm, steady, and self-confident.

Question 76

The discomfort felt when our behaviors are inconsistent with our attitudes is known as __________.

Question 77

The state of tension that people feel when facing extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities is called __________.

Question 78

__________ is the process through which people receive and interpret data from the environment around them.

Question 79

__________ is the trait governing the degree to which a person defers to those in charge and accepts status differences.

Question 80

Overly aggressive behavior toward fellow workers, customers, or management can be a sign of __________.