Deck 9: Organizational Cultures, Innovation, and Change: Adaptability and Values Set the Tone

Question 1

Many West coast companies do not have private offices or parking spaces for their senior managers. This is an example of an organization's __________.

A) corporate policy
B) employee training
C) performance appraisal
D) observable culture

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What do employees rely upon the most to indicate the true values, or core culture, of an organization?

A) Speeches by the top managers
B) The mission statement of the organization
C) The actions of the top managers
D) The little values cards that are handed out to employees

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is a part of the observable culture in an organization?

A) The way people dress.
B) The layout of the offices.
C) The lack of executive parking spaces.
D) All of the above are parts of the observable culture in an organization.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Practices that create meaning and shared community among employees are called __________.

A) functional management
B) workplace spirituality
C) employee manipulation
D) bureaucratic control

Question 5

Strong organizational cultures contribute to performance in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

A) they are high-performance oriented.
B) they focus on getting the job done no matter how.
C) they provide a clear vision.
D) they discourage dysfunctional work behaviors and encourage positive ones.

Question 6

Improving the way things are done is called __________.

A) product innovation
B) process innovation
C) creativity
D) commercializing innovation

Question 7

Language and other symbols conveying core values are known as:

A) rites and rituals.
B) symbols.
C) heroes.
D) stories.

Question 8

A manager who uses symbols to establish and maintain a desired organizational culture is a(n) __________.

A) autocratic manager
B) symbolic leader
C) benevolent leader
D) participative manager

Question 9

Merck-"highest level of scientific excellence," Whole Foods-"Creating ongoing win-win partnerships with our suppliers," Fedex---"We are honest, ethical, and do the right thing." This is an example of a __________.

A) process innovation
B) value-based management
C) values statement
D) mission statement

Question 10

A deeper level of organizational culture that consists of the beliefs and values shared by the organization members is called a(n) __________ culture.*

A) bureaucratic
B) organic
C) core
D) mechanistic

Question 11

The beliefs shared by organization's members are called __________.

A) corporate doctrine
B) management directive
C) corporate requests
D) core values

Question 12

Achievement award programs are __________ that contribute to a company's core values.*

A) stories
B) heroes
C) rites and rituals
D) symbols

Question 13

Organizations that actively develop, communicate, and enact shared values are practicing __________.

A) functional management
B) value-based management
C) employee manipulation
D) bureaucratic control

Question 14

The process of taking a new idea and putting it into practice is called __________.

A) product
B) innovation
C) creativity
D) brainstorming

Question 15

A system of shared beliefs and values that guides organizational behavior is called organizational __________.

A) policy
B) rules
C) design
D) culture

Question 16

The development and introduction of new or improved goods and services is referred to as__________.

A) product innovation
B) process innovation
C) virtual processing
D) commercializing innovation

Question 17

The process through which new members learn the culture of an organization is called __________.

A) structure.
B) policy.
C) socialization.
D) employee development.

Question 18

What a person sees or hears when he/she is walking around in an organization is part of the organization's __________.

A) observable culture
B) goals
C) strategy
D) employee training

Question 19

The process of turning ideas into products/methods that can increase profits is called __________.*

A) virtual processing
B) organizational development
C) business model innovation
D) transformational change

Question 20

Organizational culture can be thought of as:*

A) the "way we do things around here."
B) a system of shared beliefs and values.
C) the personality of the organization.
D) all of the above.

Question 21

Pursuing creative and innovative ways to solve social problems is called __________.

A) social responsibility
B) social entrepreneurship
C) green innovation
D) commercializing innovation

Question 22

A(n) __________ strategy pursues change through formal authority and the use of rewards or punishments.

A) rational persuasion
B) shared power
C) force-coercion
D) irrational

Question 23

Netflix turned movie rental into a subscription business; eBay earns revenues from the users of its online marketplace; Google thrives on advertising revenues driven by ever-expanding Web technologies. These are all examples of __________ innovations.

A) process
B) virtual
C) business model
D) green

Question 24

A(n) __________ strategy creates change through rational persuasion and empirical argument.

A) rational persuasion
B) shared power
C) force-coercion
D) empirical force

Question 25

Change that bends and adjusts existing ways to improve performance is called __________ change.

A) transactional
B) incremental
C) bottom up
D) transformational

Question 26

In Lewin's "planned change" process, the step that prepares a system for change is called __________.

A) refreezing
B) unfreezing
C) changing
D) thawing

Question 27

The "shared power" change strategy is most closely linked to the __________ power base.*

A) legitimate
B) reward
C) coercive
D) referent

Question 28

The rational persuasion strategy is most closely linked to the __________ power base.

A) legitimate
B) reward
C) coercive
D) expert

Question 29

In order to lead transformational change, the leader must:*

A) establish a sense of urgency.
B) empower others.
C) create and communicate a change vision.
D) do all of the above.

Question 30

According to Lewin, the correct order in the steps of change is:*

A) freezing, refreezing, and changing.
B) unfreezing, changing, and refreezing.
C) refreezing, changing, and unfreezing.
D) changing, unfreezing, and refreezing.

Question 31

Replacing air travel with videoconferencing eliminated 13,500 flights by Vodafone employees and cut some 5,000 tons of carbon emissions. This is an example of a __________ innovation.

A) power
B) product
C) model
D) green

Question 32

Change that results in a major and comprehensive redirection of the organization is called __________ change.

A) transactional
B) incremental
C) bottom up
D) transformational

Question 33

In Lewin's "planned change" process, the step at which change is stabilized is called __________.

A) refreezing
B) unfreezing
C) changing
D) thawing

Question 34

__________ innovation recognizes the potential for valuable innovations to be launched from lower organizational levels and diverse locations, including emerging markets.

A) Reverse
B) Forward
C) Commercializing
D) Virtual

Question 35

A(n) __________ strategy pursues change by participation in assessing change needs, values, and goals.

A) rational persuasion
B) shared power
C) force-coercion
D) empirical force

Question 36

You know that you are likely working with a "status quo" manager when they exhibit any of the following traits EXCEPT:

A) appearing threatened by change.
B) being bothered by uncertainty.
C) preferring predictability.
D) making things happen.

Question 37

Special creative units set free from the normal organizational structure for the purpose of innovation are called __________ .*

A) divisions
B) skunkworks
C) research labs
D) business units

Question 38

The four steps in commercializing innovation are idea generation, initial experimentation, __________, and final application.*

A) product introduction
B) process improvement
C) process development
D) feasibility experimentation

Question 39

A person who tries to change the behavior of another person or social system is called a(n) __________ leader.

A) top down
B) incremental
C) bottom up
D) change

Question 40

All of the following are true of major transformational change efforts EXCEPT:

A) they involve radical changes.
B) they result in redirection of the organization.
C) such efforts are intense and highly stressful.
D) overall, they are generally successful.

Question 41

Strong corporate cultures are easy to develop and quick to implement.

Question 42

Strong corporate cultures just happen.

Question 43

In highly innovative organizations, staffing supports innovation.

Question 44

All of the following could be sources of resistance to change EXCEPT:*

A) past successful change.
B) fear of the unknown.
C) loss of control.
D) loss of face.

Question 45

Innovation is the process of taking an idea and putting it into action.

Question 46

Given the impossibility of actually "seeing" assumptions and beliefs, it is not possible to actually see the culture of an organization; it is just something that you feel.

Question 47

Once an idea is generated, the next step is commercialization.

Question 48

Creating innovative ways to solve pressing social problems is called social engineering.

Question 49

Special creative units set free from the normal organizational structure are called advanced development teams.

Question 50

The "burning bridge" phase is another way to see Lewin's "unfreezing," as it is an attempt to get people to see that they have to "jump" into the change.

Question 51

Transformational change is more important to an organization than incremental change.

Question 52

Both Baby Boomers and Gen Ys rate flexible work as important.

Question 53

Strong cultures have been identified as a problem for successful organizations.

Question 54

One of the challenges for managers is that values statements are easy to develop and write, but hard to live up to.

Question 55

Core cultures are found in the underlying values of the organization.

Question 56

A person's Facebook profile ought to be unaffected by his/her organizational culture.

Question 57

Highly innovative companies include innovation in their strategy.

Question 58

One firm now considered a benchmark for its special culture is Zappos.

Question 59

Using robots to improve manufacturing efficiency is an example of product innovation.

Question 60

The "forced coercion" change strategy is most closely linked to the __________ power base.

A) legitimate
B) traditional
C) expert
D) referent

Question 61

In Lewin's third phase of planned change, the change leader's task is to implement change.

Question 62

The underlying values and assumptions that support the observable culture are part of the __________ culture.

Question 63

In order for the rational persuasion strategy to work, the leader must have expert power in the eyes of the followers.

Question 64

When dealing with resistance to change, managers may use facilitation and support to provide encouragement and training.

Question 65

Change that seeks to tweak or modify the existing system is called __________ change.

Question 66

__________ is the process through which new members learn the culture of an organization.

Question 67

__________ is a system of shared meanings, beliefs, and values that develop in an organization and guides the behavior of its members.

Question 68

Name and explain Kurt Lewin's three phases of planned change.

Question 69

The observable culture is visible via the __________ and __________ shared among the organizational members on a regular basis.

Question 70

Define organizational culture, observable culture, core culture, and the factors that affect each of them.

Question 71

The __________ phase of planned change focuses on stabilizing the change with rewards, positive reinforcement, and resource support.

Question 72

__________ management involves operating with a commitment to actively help develop, communicate, and represent the shared values within an organization.

Question 73

The overall process of developing new ideas and putting them into practice is known as __________.

Question 74

__________ are individuals who take on the responsibility for changing the existing pattern of behavior in a system.

Question 75

What does it mean to commercialize innovation? Briefly describe the four steps of this process.

Question 76

Define innovation, and describe the three types of innovation.

Question 77

__________ is the process of turning new ideas into salable products.

Question 78

In the __________ change strategy, change is pursued through empirical data and rational judgment.

Question 79

In the force-coercion change strategy, the __________ tactic involves working indirectly to gain special advantage over other people in order to force change.

Question 80

__________ involves practices that create meaning and shared community among organizational members.