Deck 2: Management Learning: Great Things Grow From Strong Foundations

Question 1

Millennials consist of those born between __________.

A) 1950-1960
B) 1961-1972
C) 1983-1981
D) 1982-1996

Answer 1

D

Question 2

One of the principles of scientific management is __________.

A) understanding human needs
B) flexible time off
C) training and motivating workers
D) cross functional teams

Answer 2

C

Question 3

All of the following "modern" management ideas actually find their roots in the writings of Mary Parker Follett EXCEPT:*

A) employee ownership.
B) profit sharing.
C) gain-sharing plans.
D) profit above all.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Classical approaches to management include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Weber's bureaucratic organization.
B) Fayol's administrative principles.
C) Maslow's hierarchy of human needs.
D) Taylor's principles of scientific management.

Question 5

The term "Hawthorne Effect" was used to explain some of the important findings of the Hawthorne studies. What does the term mean?*

A) Productivity is determined by efficiency.
B) Physical conditions of work are more important than social relationships.
C) People given special attention tend to perform as expected.
D) When jobs are designed scientifically, performance improves.

Question 6

The individual considered by many to be a prophet of today's management style is __________.*

A) Frederick Taylor
B) Mary Parker Follett
C) Max Weber
D) Abraham Maslow

Question 7

If Weber were able to see today's bureaucracies in action, he would most likely be:

A) pleased.
B) disappointed.
C) indifferent.
D) optimistic.

Question 8

Carefully designing jobs with efficient work methods is necessary to __________ management.

A) scientific
B) behavioral
C) contingency
D) laissez-faire

Question 9

According to Max Weber, a(n) ________ is a rational and efficient form of organization based on logic, order, and legitimate authority.*

A) learning organization
B) adhocracy
C) government agency
D) bureaucracy

Question 10

The president of Sure Products Inc. wants his manufacturing manager to clearly define the steps in the process, train the workers to efficiently do their jobs, and financially reward them on the basis of performance. The president is practicing __________.

A) contingency thinking
B) scientific management
C) Theory Y's beliefs
D) learning organization principles

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a part of Max Weber's bureaucracy?*

A) Division of labor
B) Formal rules and procedures
C) Employees' personal needs
D) Careers based on merit

Question 12

The five duties of management, according to Fayol, are foresight, organization, command, coordination, and __________. a. insight
B. analysis
C. accountability
D. control

Question 13

Which of the following management styles came first?

A) Classical approach
B) Humanistic perspective
C) Learning organization
D) None of the above

Question 14

__________ management emphasizes careful selection and training of workers and supervisory support.

A) Scientific
B) Behavioral
C) Contingency
D) Autocratic

Question 15

Two key elements of Weber's bureaucracy were fairness and __________.

A) informality
B) history
C) participation
D) efficiency

Question 16

The Principles of Scientific Management was written in 1911 by __________.*

A) Abraham Maslow
B) Frederick W. Taylor
C) Philip Kotler
D) Douglas McGregor

Question 17

Bert and John Jacobs, co-founders of the company Life is Good, suggests that the message of the "Life is Good" brand is to:

A) strive for perfectionism.
B) decide to be happy today.
C) be always on the lookout for that special person.
D) strive for a big promotion.

Question 18

One of the surprise findings in the Hawthorne studies was that __________.

A) productivity increased with changes in lighting
B) productivity was influenced by group behavior
C) an increase in wages always resulted in an increase in productivity
D) All of the above

Question 19

Based on the findings of the Hawthorne studies, as a manager you know that:

A) giving special attention to your employees will likely increase their performance.
B) increasing the lighting of employees' work area will increase their performance.
C) improving the working conditions for your workers will increase their performance.
D) workers will not sacrifice pay just to keep coworkers happy.
E) workers react consistently to work conditions and wages.

Question 20

The writings of Fayol are the basis for our modern understanding of:

A) the three managerial skill sets.
B) the four functions of management.
C) the key managerial roles.
D) the four P's of marketing.
E) scientific management.

Question 21

Argyris would argue that high absenteeism and poor morale is likely due to:*

A) poorly designed tasks interfering with efficiency.
B) a poorly defined hierarchy of authority.
C) a mismatch between management practices and normal adult behavior.
D) a lack of control and enforcement.
E) the absence of managerially-defined plans and directions.

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a part of Theory Y?*

A) Employees like work
B) Employees want responsibility
C) Employees are capable of self-control
D) Employees are creative
E) All of the above belong to theory Y

Question 23

From the Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, which of the following needs occupies the highest pedestal in the hierarchy?

A) Social
B) Physiological
C) Self-actualization
D) Esteem

Question 24

The __________is the tendency of persons singled out for special attention to perform as expected.

A) management of participative measures
B) management of scientific alternatives
C) Hawthorne effect
D) theory of Y management

Question 25

The Hawthorne studies:

A) were poorly designed from a research perspective.
B) provide weak empirical support for their conclusions.
C) are criticized for generalizing their findings.
D) represent a shift in research attention from technical to human concerns.
E) All of the above are true about Hawthorne studies.

Question 26

__________ originally developed the hierarchy of human needs theory.

A) Max Weber
B) Frederick Taylor
C) Abraham Maslow
D) Douglas McGregor

Question 27

Theory X and Theory Y were developed by __________.

A) Max Weber
B) Frederick Taylor
C) Chris Argyris
D) Douglas McGregor

Question 28

Maslow's progression principle states that __________.*

A) all needs can be satisfied by everybody
B) needs can be satisfied simultaneously
C) activated needs are not important in human behavior
D) needs must be satisfied sequentially beginning with the lowest

Question 29

At which level of needs do Maslow's progression principle and deficit principle cease to exist?

A) Physiological
B) Self-actualization
C) Safety
D) Esteem

Question 30

According to Maslow, which of the following is in the highest "need" category?

A) Getting a date for the weekend
B) Having a job you love, which also allows you to feel fulfilled
C) Having enough money to pay rent
D) Being accepted into a fraternity or sorority on campus

Question 31

A faculty member complains that her students are lazy, don't really want to be in school, and are very irresponsible in their studies. This faculty member holds a __________ assumption.*

A) Theory Y
B) Theory X
C) Theory A
D) Theory B

Question 32

A(n) __________ transforms resource inputs from the environment into product outputs.*

A) administrative staff
B) closed system
C) open system
D) contingency plan

Question 33

From the Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, which of the following needs is considered to be the most important?

A) Safety
B) Social
C) Self-actualization
D) Physiological

Question 34

Maslow's __________ principle states that people act to satisfy unfulfilled needs.*

A) deficit
B) desire
C) want
D) care

Question 35

A(n) __________ is a physiological or psychological deficiency that a person wants to satisfy.*

A) wish
B) need
C) expense
D) Hawthorne effect

Question 36

Theory __________ assumes people are willing to work, accept responsibility, and are self-directed.

A) Y
B) Z
C) X
D) A

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a part of Theory X?

A) Employees like responsibility
B) Workers are lazy
C) Workers prefer to follow
D) Employees like to work

Question 38

Management science and __________ apply mathematical techniques to solve management problems.

A) behavior analysis
B) contingency theory
C) operations research
D) participative management

Question 39

Chris Argyris' beliefs, as presented in his book Personality and Organization, are in disagreement with __________.

A) Theory Y
B) the Hawthorne studies
C) the Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory
D) the management practices found in traditional organizations

Question 40

The study of how organizations produce goods and services is called __________.*

A) marketing operations
B) learning practice
C) contingency practice
D) operations management

Question 41

Follett would say that the successful 21^st-century executive must be an inspiring leader who attracts talented people and motivates them in a setting where everyone can do his or her best work.

Question 42

Matching management practices with different situations is called __________.

A) classical management
B) situational analysis
C) contingency thinking
D) administrative management

Question 43

Which of the following can be described as the best management style?*

A) Classical
B) Participative
C) Administrative
D) It depends on the situation

Question 44

The Hawthorne studies established a clear link between working conditions and worker performance.

Question 45

Managing with an organization-wide commitment to continuous improvement, product quality, and customer needs is called:

A) a learning organization.
B) operations management.
C) management by objectives.
D) total quality management.

Question 46

Fayol's management rule of coordination provides and mobilizes resources to implement a plan.

Question 47

In an ideal bureaucracy, workers are selected and promoted on ability and performance.

Question 48

The reason that worker "human needs" are important to managers is that these needs can cause tensions that may influence work attitudes and behaviors.

Question 49

Scientific management emphasizes creativity and risk taking.

Question 50

Follett argued that organizations are like communities, where managers and employees should work together without a spirit of domination.

Question 51

The only goal of scientific management was to increase worker efficiency for the benefit of the company.

Question 52

__________ involves always searching for new ways to improve work quality and performance.

A) Operations management
B) Continuous improvement
C) Quantitative analysis
D) Operations research

Question 53

The work by Henri Fayol can help you understand the functions that you must perform as the manager of a student organization.

Question 54

Maslow believed that there was no order in which human needs were fulfilled.

Question 55

Another way to look at the work by Argyris is that undesirable employee behaviors may be as much a reflection of a poor management system as it is a matter of poor employees.

Question 56

Modern management thinking would suggest that:

A) a "best" way to manage does exist.
B) the discovery of a workable process can be transferred to all other organizations.
C) once a process is perfected, it will not have to be changed.
D) the best answer to what works "depends" on the situation.
E) people are usually on the same page and they can be managed similarly.

Question 57

Taylor's scientific management sought efficiency in job performance.

Question 58

The essence of Argyris' work is that management practices should fit the capabilities of the employees they are used to.

Question 59

Having a Theory X view of employees can actually encourage Theory X behaviors in your employees.

Question 60

Weber was the first to understand that bureaucracies are inefficient forms of organization that should be avoided.

Question 61

The highest order of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is __________.

Question 62

________ is the science of reducing a job or task to its basic physical motions.

Question 63

The study of how organizations produce goods and services is called __________.

Question 64

The belief that there is no one best way to manage was called __________.

Question 65

The __________ studies at the Western Electric Company in Chicago demonstrated the influence of manager treatment of employees on employee performance.

Question 66

Scientific management is associated with the management scholar __________.

Question 67

__________ is the systemic use and analysis of data to solve problems and make informed decisions.

Question 68

McGregor's work focuses on opposing views of human nature, a positive view known as __________ and a negative view known as __________.

Question 69

Managing with an organization-wide commitment to continuous improvement, product quality, and customer needs is called __________.

Question 70

Operations management is the study of how organizations produce goods and services.

Question 71

__________ is considered a prophet of management and one of the most important American women in the fields of civics and sociology.

Question 72

Compare the scientific management and the behavioral management approaches. Which is best?

Question 73

What were the Hawthorne studies about? Discuss their purpose, the process, and the results.

Question 74

The __________ is an organizational form known for its clear division of labor, structure, hierarchy of authority, and formalized rules and procedures.

Question 75

Organizational learning is a never ending process of continuous improvement.

Question 76

In the book Outliers, Malcolm Gladwell argues that great leaders are born, not made.

Question 77

A(n) __________ consistently achieves excellence while creating a high-quality work environment.

Question 78

Why is it necessary for today's organizations to embrace contingency thinking?

Question 79

Modern management accepts the fact that all techniques are contingent upon the unique situation faced by each manager. In other words, there is no one "best" way.

Question 80

Following the scientific management era, management thinking moved to include a(n) __________ perspective.