Deck 2: Management Learning Past to Present

Question 1

The belief that ethical behavior treats all people impartially and fairly is called the __________ view.

A) individual
B) fair
C) justice
D) moral rights

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Joanne follows a set of standards for what is right and wrong in her conduct. This set of standards refers to

A) laws.
B) policies.
C) ethics.
D) practices.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Susan is a manager at Garden Tools Inc. She has inadvertently come across a competitor's business plan. Susan's first thought is to keep it and use it against the competitor. However, she returns it without looking at it because she feels that in the run, it is not in her best interest. Which of the following views of moral reasoning is Susan exhibiting in this scenario?

A) Moral rights
B) Religious
C) Utilitarian
D) Individualism

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Pet Products Inc. has been hit hard by the latest recession. The president has ordered a 10% reduction in the workforce across the board. This decision might be justified as ethical on the basis of the __________ approach to moral reasoning.

A) utilitarian
B) individual
C) moral rights
D) justice

Question 5

Jermaine, a member of a student organization, supports the move to increase the membership fees for their organization in order to keep the club solvent, even though some of the members might not be able to afford the increase. He is taking the __________ approach to moral reasoning.

A) moral rights
B) justice
C) utilitarian
D) individualistic

Question 6

Cody, a management graduate, is looking for a position as a first-line manager and would like to become the president of a company someday. He knows what he wants to do in the future, but he wants to achieve his goal by working for a firm with a culture that matches his personal values. The route that Cody wants to follow to achieve her goals best reflects __________ values.

A) terminal
B) fixed
C) instrumental
D) utilitarian

Question 7

Which of the following best describes personal beliefs such as honesty and integrity?

A) Norms
B) Values
C) Ethics
D) Ideas

Question 8

__________ justice focuses on treating people fairly regardless of personal characteristics.

A) Instrumental
B) Procedural
C) Interactional
D) Distributive

Question 9

__________ values are preferences regarding the means to a desired end.

A) Ethical
B) Instrumental
C) Terminal
D) Righteous

Question 10

Some students believe that good grades are obtained through good study habits and some others believe that it can be achieved by getting the "right" test questions. These beliefs are examples of:

A) good ethics.
B) instrumental values.
C) moral rights.
D) terminal values.

Question 11

Lewis is the manager of the marketing department at his company. Some of his colleagues are also his friends. Lewis often lets his friends violate department policies while insisting that others follow them. Lewis is guilty of not adhering to the __________ view of moral reasoning.

A) moral rights
B) protective
C) utilitarian
D) justice

Question 12

In an interview for the post of software developer, Cory mentions that she hopes to manage her own team in the future. Cory's aspiration best reflects:

A) moral values.
B) terminal values.
C) instrumental values.
D) short-term values.

Question 13

Amanda, a high school student, wants to be the president of a company someday, but she also wants to raise a family and enjoy recreational activities. Amanda is primarily focusing on

A) terminal values.
B) future values.
C) instrumental values.
D) short-term values.

Question 14

The __________ view focuses the ethics analysis on long-term advancement of self-interests.

A) moral rights
B) justice
C) individualism
D) utilitarian

Question 15

Broad beliefs about what is appropriate behavior are called __________.

A) values
B) judgments
C) ethics
D) laws

Question 16

The __________ view holds that behaviors that deliver the greatest good to the greatest number of people are ethical.

A) best
B) utilitarian
C) justice
D) moral rights

Question 17

Susan has certain preferences about desired end states. These preferences are referred to as ____ values.

A) ethical
B) instrumental
C) terminal
D) righteous

Question 18

In the context of a governing moral code, which of the following primarily concerns what is "right" or "good"?

A) Legal behavior
B) Individual behavior
C) Management behavior
D) Ethical behavior

Question 19

Which justice focuses on the fair application of policies and rules?

A) Interactional
B) Procedural
C) Fair
D) Distributive

Question 20

Clarissa, an employee at a news corporation, copies some parts of an article by a local author and publishes it as her own work. Later, she tells Lara, her colleague, about her act. Lara believes that she should honor Clarissa's trust and not reveal the matter but is also disturbed by her dishonesty. This incident is most likely to cause __________ for Lara.

A) management issues
B) ethical issues
C) utilitarian issues
D) spiritual issues

Question 21

The belief that ethical behavior respects and protects fundamental rights is called the __________ view.

A) moral rights
B) protective
C) utilitarian
D) justice

Question 22

Rajesh has recently migrated from India to Germany. He argues that bribery is an acceptable practice for getting things done in his country and that it works. Hence, he argues that such cultural values must be adopted by all countries to get things done. Which of the following ethical practices is exhibited by Rajesh's behavior?

A) Moral rights
B) Moral absolutism
C) Ethical imperialism
D) Cultural relativism

Question 23

The __________ ethical position is most closely associated with ethical imperialism.

A) social universalist
B) moral absolutism
C) moral right
D) distributive justice

Question 24

The view "No one will ever know about it" is a way of __________ unethical behavior.

A) eliminating
B) dismissing
C) acknowledging
D) rationalizing

Question 25

__________ justice focuses on treating everyone with dignity and respect.

A) Utilitarian
B) Distributive
C) Interactional
D) Moral rights

Question 26

Article __________ of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, United Nations, states that everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion.

A) 1
B) 18
C) 23
D) 26

Question 27

Abby's manager has asked her to do something that strongly violates her personal values. Abby is most likely facing an:

A) impossible situation.
B) immoral judgment.
C) instant crisis.
D) ethical dilemma.

Question 28

If you are going on an international trip and your parents tell you "Don't do anything that you would not do at home," you are being told to practice ___________.

A) moral rights
B) moral absolutism
C) ethical imperialism
D) cultural relativism

Question 29

Which of the following refer to well-thought-out personal rules and strategies for ethical behavior?

A) Ethical dilemmas
B) Ethical decisions
C) Ethical frameworks
D) Unethical behaviors

Question 30

Common situations for unethical behavior at work include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) discrimination.
B) sexual harassment.
C) moral absolutism.
D) conflicts of interest. .

Question 31

Which of the following concepts suggests that there is no one right way to behave and ethical behavior is always is always dependent on cultural context?

A) Procedural rights
B) Universalism
C) Ethical imperialism
D) Cultural relativism

Question 32

In Kohlberg's three levels of moral development, the preconventional stage is based on __________ behavior.

A) social-centered
B) self-centered
C) non-centered
D) principle

Question 33

Article __________ of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, United Nations, states that everyone has the right to education.

A) 1
B) 18
C) 23
D) 26

Question 34

The phrase "when in Rome, do as the Romans do" reflects the ethical position of __________.

A) individualism
B) moral absolutism
C) distributive justice
D) cultural relativism

Question 35

The conventional stage in Kohlberg's three levels of moral development is based on __________ behavior.

A) social-centered
B) self-centered
C) non-centered
D) principle

Question 36

The term __________ refers to a situation that might be unethical but offers potential benefits.

A) ethical dilemma
B) imperial relativism
C) moral rights
D) interactional justice

Question 37

Dandelion Inc., an apparel manufacturing company, and Longinus Inc., a raw material supplier, willingly sign a contract and agree to be fair in their dealings with each other. Which of the following forms of justices is reflected in this scenario?

A) Utilitarian
B) Distributive
C) Commutative
D) Moral rights

Question 38

Which of the following is an example of the unethical practice of discrimination at work?

A) Denying people a promotion because of their race or religion
B) Taking bribes in return for making decisions favorable to another person
C) Misusing privileged information about customers
D) Using official stationery to send requests to community organizations

Question 39

Which of the following terms best describes an attempt by one culture to impose its values on another culture?

A) Moral rights
B) Moral absolutism
C) Ethical imperialism
D) Cultural relativism

Question 40

Reena has always believed that there is no single right way to behave and that ethical behavior is dependent on the specific cultural context. Which of the following ethical positions is Reena most likely to support?

A) Cultural relativism
B) Universalism
C) Ethical imperialism
D) Procedural rights

Question 41

Which of the following refers to the obligation of an organization to its stakeholders as well as its own interests?

A) Altruism
B) Corporate social responsibility
C) Philanthropy
D) Corporate interest

Question 42

Someone in the __________ stage of moral development is likely to make decisions based on social norms, meeting the expectations of others, and living up to agreed-upon obligations.

A) preconventional
B) conventional
C) postconventional
D) nonconventional

Question 43

__________ is a form of progress which makes use of natural resources to meet today's needs while also preserving and protecting the environment for future generations.

A) Abundant consumerism
B) Protectionist business
C) Sustainable development
D) Environmental capitalization

Question 44

Which of the following statements is true of whistleblowers?

A) Unfortunately, whistleblowers are never successful in making a difference.
B) Whistleblowers are subjected to harassment, but fortunately, the law always protects them.
C) Whistleblowers are eager to act.
D) Whistleblowers often face dire consequences in the context of their careers.

Question 45

Your roommate argues that businesses should focus on the pursuit of profits. Your roommate is prescribing to the __________ view of corporate social responsibility.

A) socioeconomic
B) legal
C) classical
D) entrepreneurial

Question 46

Jason, a manager, chooses to behave unethically. Jason can be described as a(n) ____ manager.

A) moral
B) amoral
C) immoral
D) Theory X

Question 47

John is a middle manager. He chooses to stay out of ethical issues because "they are too messy." John is a(n) __________ manager.

A) moral
B) amoral
C) immoral
D) Theory X

Question 48

__________ responsibility is fulfilled when an organization earns a profit through the provision of goods and services desired by customers.

A) Economic
B) Legal
C) Ethical
D) Discretionary

Question 49

The highest level of social performance comes through the satisfaction of _______ responsibility.

A) economic
B) legal
C) ethical
D) discretionary

Question 50

A(n) __________ manager fails to consider ethics.

A) moral
B) amoral
C) immoral
D) Theory X

Question 51

An organization meets its __________ responsibility when its actions voluntarily conform not only to legal expectations but also to the broader values and moral expectations of society.

A) economic
B) religious
C) ethical
D) discretionary

Question 52

Graham, the CEO of Fleur Inc., a paper manufacturing company, prescribes to the classical view of corporate social responsibility. He is most likely to state that:

A) the sole purpose of the management should be to improve the quality of the company's products.
B) the management should be responsible for the development of the society where the company operates.
C)) the management should be accountable for protecting the environment.
D) the sole purpose of the management should be to maximize profits.

Question 53

The __________ view of corporate social responsibility is that business should focus on making valuable contributions to society, not just making profits.

A) socioeconomic
B) legal
C) classical
D) entrepreneurial

Question 54

Sherron Watkins, an employee at Enron, exposed the corporate financial scandal at company. Sherron is a __________.

A) government accountant
B) whistleblower
C) person of poor ethical judgment
D) bad employee

Question 55

All the people and institutions directly affected by a firm are collectively called its __________.

A) stock holders
B) general partners
C) interested parties
D) stakeholders

Question 56

Values tend to be quite flexible within individuals; therefore, employees can be trained to hold certain values.

Question 57

The postconventional stage in Kohlberg's three levels of moral development is based on __________ behavior.

A) social-centered
B) self-centered
C) non-centered
D) principle-centered

Question 58

What is the second step in dealing with ethical dilemmas?

A) Decide which option to follow.
B) Recognize the ethical dilemma.
C) Get the facts.
D) Identify your options.

Question 59

Someone who exposes unethical behaviors of other people, often that of senior management, is a __________.

A) tattle tail
B) whistleblower
C) disloyal person
D) bad employee

Question 60

Many companies are developing a formal statement of values and standards called a __________.

A) statement of values
B) corporate beliefs statement
C) corporate values statement
D) code of ethics

Question 61

__________ justice focuses on fair application of policies and rules.

Question 62

__________ is the belief that there are universal values that apply to all people.

Question 63

A(n) __________ is a formal statement of values and ethical standards.

Question 64

The underlying beliefs and attitudes that help to determine individual behavior are known as __________.

Question 65

The __________ view of moral reasoning considers whether people are treated impartially and fairly according to legal rules and standards.

Question 66

The highest level of social performance comes through the satisfaction of economic responsibility.

Question 67

The idea that the role of business is solely to maximize profits and shareholder value represents the classical view of corporate social responsibility.

Question 68

__________ justice focuses on the fairness of exchanges or transactions.

Question 69

Moral managers consider the ethical implications of their actions as a part of their normal approach to work.

Question 70

The main reason for the actions of whistleblowers is the praise and recognition that they receive from the companies in which they uncover unethical practices.

Question 71

Ethical dilemmas often arise out of the conflicting desires of managers, employees, and customers.

Question 72

__________ are well-thought-out personal rules and strategies that serve to anchor our ethical decisions and actions.

Question 73

__________ justice focuses on treating people the same regardless of personal characteristics.

Question 74

__________ justice is the degree to which others are treated with dignity and respect.

Question 75

Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, United Nations, states that everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression.

Question 76

__________ is what we accept to be "right" or "good" in the context of a governing moral code.

Question 77

The reason managers have such a large share of the responsibility for maintaining ethical behavior is due to their power and ability to set the tone for the organization.

Question 78

__________ highlight the risk from public disclosure of one's actions.

Question 79

To increase the power and visibility of ethics codes, some companies have new employees sign an agreement to follow the code as a condition of employment.

Question 80

__________ is defined as the code of moral principles that sets standards of conduct.